i.MX Processors Knowledge Base

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There is GPU SDK for i.MX6D/Q/DL/S: IMX_GPU_SDK. This is to share the experience when compiling the example code from the SDK with Linux BSP release: L3.0.35_1.1.0_121218 and L3.0.35_4.0.0_130424 . Minimal profile is using and have been verified on both i.MX6Q SDP and i.MX6DL SDP. To start: Please make sure “gpu-viv-bin-mx6q” has been selected in the Package list and compiled to your rootfs. After finished the compilation of the rootfs, you should find some newly added libraries for GLES1.0, GLES2.0, OpenVG and EGL in <ltib>/rootfs/usr/lib However, you should find libOpenVG.so is actually copied from libOepnVG_3D.so: vmuser@ubuntu:~/ltib_src/ltib/rootfs/usr/lib$ ls -al libOpen* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 115999 2013-06-06 18:31 libOpenCL.so -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 515174 2013-06-06 18:31 libOpenVG_355.so -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 272156 2013-06-06 18:31 libOpenVG_3D.so -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 272156 2013-06-06 18:31 libOpenVG.so So, in this way, i.MX6D/Q will no use libOpenVG_355.so in the build. Also, if you run NFS, the libOpenVG.so will change to symbolic link: For example, run on i.MX6Q SDP, it will link to /usr/lib/libOpenVG_355.so For example, run on i.MX6DL SDP, it will link to /usr/lib/libOpenVG_3D.so Then, when you compile the OpenVG example code, it is becoming very confusing. Thus, it needs to pay attention when doing the compilation. For example, delete the symbolic link and make copy of the corresponding library: For i.MX6D/Q, please do this: $ sudo /bin/rm libOpenVG.so $ sudo cp libOpenVG_355.so libOpenVG.so For i.MX6S/DL, please do this: $ sudo /bin/rm libOpenVG.so $ sudo cp libOpenVG_3D.so libOpenVG.so To compile the sample code in the GPU SDK, you could refer to iMXGraphicsSDK_OpenGLES2.0.pdf or iMXGraphicsSDK_OpenGLES1.1.pdf in ~/gpu_sdk_v1.00.tar/Documentation/Tutorials to set up the cross compilation environment; which is assuming the LTIB and the rootfs is ready. $ export ROOTFS=/home/vmuser/ltib_src/ltib/rootfs $ export CROSS_COMPILE=/opt/freescale/usr/local/gcc-4.6.2-glibc-2.13-linaro-multilib-2011.12/fsl-linaro-toolchain/bin/arm-none-linux-gnueabi- For OpenVG: $ cd ~/gpu_sdk_v1.00/Samples/OpenVG $ make -f Makefile.fbdev clean $ make -f Makefile.fbdev $ make -f Makefile.fbdev install The executable will then be copied to this directory: ~/gpu_sdk_v1.00/Samples/OpenVG/bin/OpenVG_fbdev For GLES2.0 $ cd ~/gpu_sdk_v1.00/Samples/ GLES2.0 $ make -f Makefile.fbdev clean $ make -f Makefile.fbdev $ make -f Makefile.fbdev install The executable will then be copied to this directory: ~/gpu_sdk_v1.00/Samples/ GLES2.0/bin/GLES20_fbdev For GLES1.1, please modify the Makefile.fbdev to remove the compilation of example codes "18_VertexBufferObjects" and "19_Beizer" that are not exist. Then, $ cd ~/gpu_sdk_v1.00/Samples/ GLES1.1 $ make -f Makefile.fbdev clean $ make -f Makefile.fbdev $ make -f Makefile.fbdev install The executable will then be copied to this directory: ~/gpu_sdk_v1.00/Samples/ GLES1.1/bin/GLES11_fbdev Finally, you could copy the executable to the rootfs and test on i.MX6Q SDP/SDB or i.MX6DL SDP board. NOTE: the newly added makefiles.tgz contains Makefile.x11 hacked from GLES2.0 example code to make OpenVG to compile and run on Ubuntu 11.10 rootfs.

When using Gigabit Ethernet on boards i.MX running Windows 10 IoT Core users may experience network unstability and low latency using build W1809_1_1_0_imx-iotcore. This was fixed by increasing the size of Rx/Tx buffer in ethernet driver. Fix will be part of the next release of BSP, to apply fix to current version a patch was created. To apply patch, copy content of zip archive to appropriate location in folder structure and rebuild BSP.

Overview i.MX28EVK Setup Build Yocto Project image Create a SDCARD from the Linux Host Boot i.MX28EVK Create file system on USB Create Mount Point and Mount the USB device Create 250 MB File Create Exports File Restart NFS Server Ubuntu Linux Host Setup Create Mount Directory Mount i.MX28EVK Exported Directory Access the NFS mounted directory Overview This document describes the steps for configuring a NFS Server running on an i.MX Application Processor - in this case the evaluation board i.MX28 EVK. Once the NFS server is running, an Ubuntu 12.04 Linux host is then configured to NFS mount the i.MX28EVK exported directory. The Ethernet interface is used for the connection transport. A block diagram of the connection setup is shown below: An Ethernet switch provided the Ethernet connection between the Linux Host and the i.MX28EVK. A thumb drive was connected to the USB port on the i.MX28EVK which was used for the exported directory. i.MX28EVK Setup Build Yocto Project image Use core-image-minimal and add packages to conf/local.conf to support NFS MACHINE=imx28evk source setup-environment mx28-evk echo "CORE_IMAGE_EXTRA_INSTALL += \"bash kernel-modules nfs-utils\" " >> conf/local.conf bitbake core-image-minimal When bitbake finishes the images are found in tmp/deploy/images/imx28evk Create a SDCARD from the Linux Host sudo dd if=/tmp/deploy/images/imx28evk/core-image-minimal-imx28evk.sdcard of=/dev/sdc bs=4M && sync Boot i.MX28EVK Insert the SDCARD into slot 0 on the bottom side of the i.MX28EVK and connect the serial console. Power-on and push the POWER button on the lower conner to turn on. The Login credentials are User Name: root There is no password configured by default. Create file system on USB The USB drive had one partition which was formatted with vfat file system: mkfs.vfat /dev/sdb1 Create Mount Point and Mount the USB device mkdir /mnt/usb mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/usb Create 250 MB File dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/usb/file1.txt bs=512K count=500 Create Exports File echo "/mnt/usb *(rw,sync,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check)" > /etc/exports Restart NFS Server /etc/init.d/nfsserver stop /etc/init.d/nfsserver start Ubuntu Linux Host Setup Create Mount Directory sudo mkdir /mnt/remote Mount i.MX28EVK Exported Directory sudo mount -t nfs 10.85.1.10:/mnt/usb /mnt/remote Access the NFS mounted directory ls /mnt/remote

1. Description 1) Support HDMI interlaced display mode, the followed format had been verified. CEA format 5: 1920x1080i @60Hz CEA format 6&7: 720(1440)x480i @60Hz CEA format 20: 1920x1080i @50Hz CEA format 21&22: 720(1440)x576i @50Hz 2) Support LCD interface for interlaced display mode, 1920x1080i @50Hz(CEA format 20) had been verified. 2. File List -- 0001-IPUv3-support-interlaced-display-mode.patch Patch to support interlaced display output for iMX6 ipuv3. -- 0002-iMX6-HDMI-support-interlaced-display-mode.patch Patch to support interlaced display mode for iMX6 HDMI driver. -- 0003-iMX6-LCD-interface-supports-1920x1080i50-mode.patch Patch to support interlaced display mode for iMX6 LCD interface driver. -- readme.txt this file, please refer to it before use the patches 3. Requirement - iMX6 SabreSD board. - L3.0.35_4.1.0_GA_iMX6DQ kernel. 4. How to use -- Copy the patch files to kernel folder. $ cd ~/ltib/rpm/BUILD/linux-3.0.35/ $ git apply ./0001-IPUv3-support-interlaced-display-mode.patch $ git apply ./0002-iMX6-HDMI-support-interlaced-display-mode.patch $ git apply ./0003-iMX6-LCD-interface-supports-1920x1080i50-mode.patch -- Build the new kernel image: $ cd ~/ltib/rpm/BUILD/linux-3.0.35 $ export CROSS_COMPILE=/opt/freescale/usr/local/gcc-4.6.2-glibc-2.13-linaro-multilib-2011.12/fsl-linaro-toolchain/bin/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi- $ export ARCH=arm $ make imx6_defconfig $ make uImage -- Uboot parameters for video mode Output 1080i50 display mode on HDMI: "video=mxcfb0:dev=hdmi,1920x1080Mi@25,if=RGB24,bpp=32" Output 1080i60 display mode on HDMI: "video=mxcfb0:dev=hdmi,1920x1080Mi@30,if=RGB24,bpp=32" Output 576i50 display mode on HDMI: "video=mxcfb0:dev=hdmi,1440x576Mi@25,if=RGB24,bpp=32" Output 480i60 display mode on HDMI: "video=mxcfb0:dev=hdmi,1440x480Mi@30,if=RGB24,bpp=32" Output 1080i50 display mode on LCD interface: "video=mxcfb0:dev=lcd,LCD-1080I50,if=RGB565,bpp=32" -- Switch HDMI interlaced mode $ echo S:1920x1080i-50 > /sys/class/graphics/fb0/mode $ echo S:1920x1080i-60 > /sys/class/graphics/fb0/mode $ echo S:1440x480i-50 > /sys/class/graphics/fb0/mode $ echo S:1440x576i-60 > /sys/class/graphics/fb0/mode 5. Know issue 1) When the interlaced display and another display work on same IPU, blank and unblank the interlaced display will get the followed IPU warning, but the display still works due to IPU can revover from the error. imx-ipuv3 imx-ipuv3.0: IPU Warning - IPU_INT_STAT_5 = 0x00800000 imx-ipuv3 imx-ipuv3.0: IPU Warning - IPU_INT_STAT_10 = 0x00080000 2015-05-13 update: Replace the fourth patch to make interlace display mode follow CEA-861-specification The patch "0004-IPU-fine-tuning-the-interlace-display-timing-for-CEA.patch" was fine tuned for CEA-861-D specification on interlaced mode display. Please use this patch to replace the old 0004 patch. 2016-05-20 Update: For 3.0.35 BSP, add patch 0005-IPU-update-interlaced-video-mode-parameters-to-align.patch Align the interlaced video mode parameters to progressive mode. 0006-IPU-update-IDMAC-setting-for-interlaced-display-mode.patch Udate the IDMAC setting for interlaced display mode, output odd field data from memory first, it aligns with IPU DI timing, odd field first. For 3.14.52 BSP, created the new patch L3.14.52_1.1.0_GA_HDMI_Interlaced_Mode_Patch_2016_05_20.zip.

Whenever possible is always better to avoid Virtual Machines when compiling Android as the building process might take several hours to even a day or two depending on the resources available to the Virtual Machine. Sometimes, however, a VM is the only option available and here are some useful considerations when using a VM as a host for Android builds. This document addresses some of the requirements for the Kit-Kat Freescale Android BSP although some may also apply to the general Android releases. It’s recommended to use Ubuntu 12.04 64-bits as Host OS. As for HDD space, which is often a limited resource when using VM, Google states that at least 30GB of disk space in order to build the Android Tree. In practice, however, it’s recommended to allocate at least 100GB to the VM HDD if possible, as additional packages and larger images can quickly deplete disk space. Installing Java (not VM specific) It’s recommended (albeit not mandatory) to uninstall any version of Java other than the recommended for the specific Android release for which we will build. In the case of Kit-Kat this is Java 6. Another option is to just switch the java alternatives to the ones we want to use for Android. There is a document with the exact instructions on how to install the required JKD on the following link. How to install Sun's JDK in Ubuntu for Android build Starting KitKat, however, it’s also necessary to install javap (Java Class File Dissasembler) so please also add these steps when following this document. $ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javac javac /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.6.0_45/bin/javac 1 $ sudo update-alternatives --config javac Memory considerations when using a Virtual Machine Using a Virtual Machine slows down the image building considerably. Besides that memory system is often also an issue. Having insufficient RAM especially on the linking part of the image build may cause a number of issues that are difficult to troubleshoot. In these cases it’s good to take a look at the resource monitor to see if indeed the RAM was depleted. One way to make up for the limited RAM is using a bigger swap. Google recommends at least 16GB of RAM/swap so it’s not uncommon to create a 10GB swap when working in VM, to do this please use the following commands. $ sudo fallocate -l 10g /mnt/10GB.swap $ sudo chmod 600 /mnt/10GB.swap $ sudo mkswap /mnt/10GB.swap $ sudo swapon /mnt/10GB.swap This will helps with the memory requirements but won’t speed up the build process. Building time with VM, as previously stated, will take several hours or even a couple of days depending on computing power.

by b47504 Overview This document is intended to introduce debug tips about i.MX power management based on i.MX Android software. The following topics are involved in this document: How to debug suspend/resume issues How to do power optimization How to debug suspend/resume issues General method: Capture more PM debug message Enable PM debug system to get more info about PM in kernel and debug interface Power management options ---> [*] Power Management Debug Support [*] Extra PM attributes in sysfs for low-level debugging/testing Enable wakelock debug_mask to capture more message about wakelock root@android:/ # echo 15 > /sys/module/wakelock/parameters/debug_mask root@android:/ # echo 15 > /sys/module/userwakelock/parameters/debug_mask Enable earlysuspend debug_mask to capture more message about early suspend and late resume. root@sabresd_6dq:/ # echo 15 > /sys/module/earlysuspend/parameters/debug_mask Add no_console_suspend=1 to the boot option for kernel This makes the system print more useful info before entry in suspend Eg: --- a/sabresd_6dq/BoardConfig.mk +++ b/sabresd_6dq/BoardConfig.mk -BOARD_KERNEL_CMDLINE := console=ttymxc0,115200 init=/init video=mxcfb0:dev=ldb,bpp=32 video=mxcfb1:off video=mxcfb2:off fbmem=10M fb0base=0x27b00000 vmalloc=400M androidboot.console=ttymxc0 androidboot.hardware=freescale +BOARD_KERNEL_CMDLINE := console=ttymxc0,115200 init=/init video=mxcfb0:dev=ldb,bpp=32 video=mxcfb1:off video=mxcfb2:off fbmem=10M fb0base=0x27b00000 vmalloc=400M androidboot.console=ttymxc0 androidboot.hardware=freescale no_console_suspend=1 System cannot enter suspend mode Check below setting items have been disabled: § Whether the usb cable has been removed(usb gadget will hold a wake lock) § Setting->Display->Sleep, check whether the inactivity timeout period setting is longer than your expected time. § Setting->System->Developer options->stay awake(stay awake not be set), check whether the option is disabled Check if all wake locks have been released(You can see which wake lock is held, and then debug into the specific module): root@sabresd_6dq:/ # cat /sys/power/wake_lock System could not resume from suspend/System crash when resume or suspend Check the PMIC_STBY_REQ signal. System use PMIC_STBY_REQ signal to notify power management IC to change voltage from standby voltage to functional voltage and vice versa. In general, pmic_stby_req pin is connected to pmic standby pin. So measure the pin to check whether the de-assert signal is triggered. If the signal is not triggered, we may consider whether wake-up sources are correctly setup. If the signal is triggered, we may double-check whether the pmic supply power normally. And not limited to the two points, we should also double-check everything we doubt according to the system log and hardware measured waves. Using Trace32 or ICE to locate the problem. Please view trace32 website to get more details. Track from mx6_suspend_enter in arch/arm/mach-mx6 . Track "state" value and try to map to different the low power mode via function mxc_cpu_lp_set. Check "mx6_suspend.S" which conduct the detailed operations in suspend: "MEM" is mapped to "dormant" mode. So goto "dormant" symbol and try to dump different operations to narrow down suspend/resume failure If this failure maybe related to DDR operation, try to dummy DDR IO relative low power operation. Using ram console to dump kernel log after reboot. Ram console will keep one kernel log copy into one certain memory space. You can use the following command to check last time kernel log, if memory power was not cut off during the reboot process. Eg(if it is the first time boot, you cannot find the /proc/last_kmsg file): root@sabresd_6dq:/ # cat /proc/last_kmsg Kernel resume back from suspend but android not This is usually introduced by the wrong key layout file Use getevent/sendevent tool to get power key scan code #getevent Correct the Keylayout file system/usr/keylayout/****.kl Correct the scandcode with your power key report value to Match the POWE key Suspend/Resume consume too much time: We can print the specific module name and time consume details, if the module's suspend/resume time consume more than the threshold parameter by read/write /sys/power/device_suspend_time_threshold file. By default, the parameter is setup to 0, via disabled the function. We can enable it by the following command: Eg: root@android:/ # echo 10 > /sys/power/device_suspend_time_threshold This command means that if the module's suspend/resume time consume more than 10 us, the system will print the module's detail out. If you want to know the more details how to implement it on kernel, please check kernel/power/main.c Notes: Can use the shell command to enter different system level low power modes for debug (For more details: you can check Linux_6DQ_RM.pdf): #echo mem > /sys/power/state #echo standby > /sys/power/state How to do power optimization Runtime Mode Check whether CPUFreq and Bus_freq scale are enabled root@android:/ # cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor root@android:/ # cat /sys/devices/platform/imx_busfreq.0/enable More details about this, please refer to "Documentation/cpu-freq/ governors.txt” . Check whether the system bus is working on your expected frequency. For MX6Q: root@android:/ # cat /sys/kernel/debug/clock/osc_clk/pll2_528_bus_main_clk/periph_clk/mmdc_ch0_axi_clk/rate Check CPU Loading and Interrupt(cat /proc/interrupts) root@android:/ # cat /proc/interrupts Through this command you can check whether some module will trigger interrupt frequently. And consider that whether we have some chances to reduce the interrupt count. Check clock tree carefully to see which clocks are not gated off but no any modules need them. root@android:/ # powerdebug -d -c Reduce GPU frequency.GPU also offered interface to modify the frequency. According to your own product, you can reduce the gpu frequency. Default gpu3DMaxClock is set to 64 in init.rc file, we can tuning a suitable value by ourselves. diff --git a/imx6/etc/init.rc b/imx6/etc/init.rc index 8c420b5..eb11ffe 100755 --- a/imx6/etc/init.rc +++ b/imx6/etc/init.rc @@ -397,6 +397,9 @@ on boot # Set GPU 3D minimum clock to 3/64 write /sys/module/galcore/parameters/gpu3DMinClock 3 +# Set GPU 3D maximum clock to 64/64 + write /sys/module/galcore/parameters/gpu3DMaxClock 64 + Suspend Mode Check whether all devices enter suspend mode or low power mode: Add debug message into devices drivers to check whether all devices driver suspend interface are called Use oscilloscope to measure the related signal (depend on specific device datasheet and custom hw design) to check whether every device enter low power mode Remove devices from the board(or rmmod the device driver) , and do hardware rework to exclude some hardware module if needed. Then we can figure out which module introduced the high consumption, and debug into the specific module. Add debug message in device drivers which may lead high power consumption, catch the waveform from these modules which may impact the high power consumption Check whether DDR enter in self-refresh mode(Please check the DDR datasheet to figure out which pin indicate self-refresh state, and check it with oscilloscope) Config GPIO PADs as output zero or input mode (depending to HW design) Cut off LDOs/DCDCs which no modules need (depending to HW design) Check all PLLs will cut off, just 32KHZ sleep clock living

The D-PHY PLL (in the red circle in the picture below) is the PLL that drives the MIPI Clock lane. It must be set in accordance with the video to be sent to the display. Calculating the video bandwidth The video bandwidth is calculated with the following equation: Pixels per second = Horizontal res. x Vertical res. x Frame rate x Bits per pixel Taking as example the 1080p60 OLED display RM67191: Pixels per second = 1920 x 1080 x 60 x 24 Pixels per second = 2985984000 = 2,98Gpixels/sec Pixel clock calculation The Display pixel clock can be obtained on the display driver. In this example for RM67191, the pixel clock is 132Mpixel/sec, see file: panel-raydium-rm67191.c\panel\drm\gpu\drivers - linux-imx - i.MX Linux kernel Line 530: .pixelclock = { 66000000, 132000000, 132000000 }, Or the number can be obtained with the following equation: pixel clock = (hactive + hfront_porch + hsync_len + hback_porch) x (vactive + vfront_porch + vsync_len + vback_porch) x frame rate pixel clock = (1080 + 20 + 2 +34) × (1920 + 10 + 2 + 4) x 60 pixel clock = 132000000 (rounded up) Bit clock calculation (clock lane) The mipi-dphy bit_clk is the output clock and is calculated on file sec-dsim.c (line 1283): sec-dsim.c\bridge\drm\gpu\drivers - linux-imx - i.MX Linux kernel Bit clock can be calculated with the following equation: bit_clk = Pixel clock * Bits per pixel / Number of lanes In the case of 1980p60 (Raydium display), It is: bit_clk = pixel clock * bits per pixel / number of lanes bit_clk = 132000000 * 24 / 4 bit_clk = 792000000 Other important timing parameters like 'p', 'm', 's' are obtained on the table in the following header file: sec_mipi_dphy_ln14lpp.h\imx\drm\gpu\drivers - linux-imx - i.MX Linux kernel

Tool: VMware Workstation Player Linux Distribution : Ubuntu 16.04 1. Create the VM in VMware Workstation. 2. Select the .iso file to install the Ubuntu 16.04 in the VM. 3. In "Specify Disk Capacity", I recommend the disk size is 200GB. 4. Then click "Finish" to create the VM. 5. If you have local mirror sources, change the source in /etc/apt/source.list. This will speed up a lot when you download the Linux packages and software. 6. Type these two commands to update the Ubuntu system. - sudo apt-get update - sudo apt-get upgrade 7. Install Yocto Project host packages $ sudo apt-get install gawk wget git-core diffstat unzip texinfo gcc-multilib build-essential chrpath socat libsdl1.2-dev $ sudo apt-get install libsdl1.2-dev xterm sed cvs subversion coreutils texi2html docbook-utils python-pysqlite2 help2man make gcc g++ desktop-file-utils libgl1-mesa-dev libglu1-mesa-dev mercurial autoconf automake groff curl lzop asciidoc u-boot-tools 8.Install the repo a. Create a bin folder in the home directory. $ mkdir ~/bin (this step may not be needed if the bin folder already exists) $ curl https://storage.googleapis.com/git-repo-downloads/repo > ~/bin/repo $ chmod a+x ~/bin/repo b. Add the following line to the .bashrc file to ensure that the ~/bin folder is in your PATH variable. export PATH=~/bin:$PATH If you cannot download the repo from google, please try this one: Git Repo | 镜像站使用帮助 | 清华大学开源软件镜像站 | Tsinghua Open Source Mirror 9. Yocto project setup $ mkdir imx-yocto-bsp $ cd imx-yocto-bsp $ repo init -u https://source.codeaurora.org/external/imx/imx-manifest -b imx-linux-sumo -m imx-4.14.98-2.0.0_ga.xml $ repo sync 10. Building an image The syntax for the fsl-setup-release.sh script is shown below. $ DISTRO=<distro name> MACHINE=<machine name> source fsl-setup-release.sh -b <build dir> $ DISTRO=fsl-imx-xwayland MACHINE=imx8qxpmek source fsl-setup-release.sh -b build-xwayland $ bitbake fsl-image-qt5-validation-imx or $ bitbake core-image-full-cmdline (smaller size of rootfs) (for more examples, please refer to the i.MX_Yocto_Project_User's_Guide.pdf) 11. U-boot and Kernel Source code in Yocto u-boot : imx-yocto-bsp/build-xwayland/tmp/work/<board_name>/u-boot-imx kernel : imx-yocto-bsp/build-xwayland/tmp/work/<board_name>/linux-imx 12. Deploy folder of the images imx-yocto-bsp/build-xwayland/tmp/deploy/images/<board_name> Some useful commands for your information: 1. Kernel Menuconfig $ bitbake linux-imx -c menuconfig 2. Rebuild the u-boot and kernel source code $ bitbake u-boot-imx -c compile -f $ bitbake linux-imx -c compile -f 3. Rebuild the whole project to generate the images to deploy folder again for example, if you build the fsl-image-qt5-validation-imx before , then type this: $ bitbake fsl-image-qt5-validation-imx -f Reference: (1) Download the BSP and the Documentation : i.MX Software | NXP

Most i.MX8QXP/QM customers already work on L4.14.98 GA for their Auto product, like C-V2X TBOX, Car infortainment system. Some customers also want to adopt OP-TEE in their security design, but OP-TEE on i.MX8QXP/QM platform don't support HW cryptography accelerating which base on CAAM module. So I worked on the issue last week and fixed it. The package meta-optee-add-on_4.14.98_2.0.0_ga.tgz is Yocto layer which includes all patches for fixing the issue. Software environments as the belows: Linux kernel: imx_4.14.98_2.0.0_ga HW platform: i.MX8QM/QXP MEK. How to build: 1, decompress meta-optee-add-on_4.14.98_2.0.0_ga.tgz and copy meta-optee-add-on to folder (Yocto 4.14.98_2.0.0_ga dir)/sources/ 2, Run DISTRO=fsl-imx-wayland MACHINE=imx8qxpmek source fsl-setup-release.sh -b build-optee and add BBLAYERS += " ${BSPDIR}/sources/meta-optee-add-on " into (Yocto 4.14.98_2.0.0_ga dir)/build-optee/conf/bblayers.conf 3, Run bitbake fsl-image-validation-imx. 4, You can run xtest or xtest -l 1 4007 on your MEK board to test optee crypto feature after completing build image. You can find it only take about one second comparing no CAAM accelerating when test "regression_4007.11 Generate RSA-2048 key".

In our document there is about how to fuse in the u-boot, as follows you can see: Here we can use the mfgtool and these command to download the fuse to u-boot. 1/ Set the BOOT_MODE[1:0] to 00 2/Use the mfgtool to download the u-boot to RAM Use the mfgtool to download only the u-boot, so you have to annotate the code not about u-boot. Only u-boot download code left. As follows: ………… Loading uboot. Jumping to OS image. 3/When the u-boot boot up, print and go to the u-boot command line. U-Boot contains a tool, imxotp, which is used for fusing. The commands imxotp read addr and imxotp blow --force addr value read the data of Efuse. The addr is the register address of eFUSE, and the base address of eFUSE is 0x021BC0000, details you can refer to the section 46 of the iMX6DQRM.pdf p4016. And the The exact configuration please refer to the section 5 of the iMX6DQRM.pdf p315. Take the Sabrelite as an example the value of burning : imxotp blow --force 0x5 0x18000030 imxotp blow --force 0x6 0x10 Hope this can do some hope for you. About the efuse you also can refer to : https://community.nxp.com/thread/316232

Introduction EMV stands for Europay, MasterCard and VISA, and is a global standard for inter-operation of integrated circuit cards (ICC) and ICC reader terminals (like point of sale (POS) terminals, automated teller machines (ATMs)) for authenticating credit and debit payment cards transactions. Any IC card reader must be certified to be EMV compliant. The EMV standard defines the interaction at the physical, electrical, data and application levels between the IC cards and IC card terminal. For the contact smartcards it is based on standard ISO/IEC 7816. Some of the i.MX embeds a Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) which was designed to facilitate the communication to a mobile phone SIM card. It could be used to communicate indirectly with a banking smartcard due to the listed limitations in regards to the EMV requirements. Electrical Limitations The POS terminal must support 1.8V, 3.3V, and 5V smartcards. Depending on the i.MX, 1.8V or 3.3V could be supported but not both, and 5V is definitely out of the range of the I/O supplies. => a level adapter component is required between the i.MX and the smartcard. Protocol Limitations The communication between the IC card and the reader is asynchronous (almost a UART), but based on a common clock for synchronous operation. The ISO7816 standard defines the following: 1 ETU = F / D * 1 / f ETU is Elementary Time Unit, which is somehow the nominal time to transmit a bit (0 or 1). F or Fi is the clock rate conversion integer. D or Di is the baud rate adjustment integer. f is the frequency of the communication clock used between the controller and the smartcard. Below is a partial list of what the controller must support to pass the EMV certification, and the known limitations of the SIM controller: - baud rate at x1 (Fi/Di=372/1) => default speed for all smart cards => supported. - baud rate at x2 (Fi/Di=372/2 = 186/1) => a higher speed for some smart cards => not supported. - baud rate at x4 (Fi/Di=372/4 93/1) => a higher speed for some smart cards => not supported. - message length of 12ETU => specified for T=0 type smart card => supported. - error of -0.2ETU on message length of 12ETU => 11.8ETU smart card => not supported. - message length of 11ETU => specified for T=1 type smart card => supported. - error of -0.2ETU on message length of 11ETU => 10.8ETU smart card => not supported. Conclusion For these reasons, the i.MX SIM controller does not allow to pass the EMV certification without the usage of an external controller that must care of all these missing features. The SIM can still be used to communicate with that external controller such Atmel AT83C26, NXP TDA8023, Terridian, or On Semi. Freescale does not have driver neither reference design to support that configuration. This company has the expertise to work with EMV certification for the i.MX258 + a companion smartcard controller: http://www.alcineo.com

What is HTML5 Video? HTML5 video is an element for the purpose of playing videos or movies in HTML5 specification. HTML5 video is intended by its creators to become the new standard way to show video on the web without plugins. Video will be shown inside the web page, like flash. HTML5 Video Web Page <video> element example <video src="movie.mp4" poster="movie.jpg" controls> </video> HTML5 video page source example <html> <head> </head> <body> <video src="http://10.192.225.226/movie.mp4" width="640" height="480" controls="true"> </video> </body> </html> HTML5 Video Rendering Path Performance Data in i.MX6Q with Android ICS With LVDS display, H264@1080p@20Mbps Can reach 30 fps With HDMI 1080p display, H264@1080p@10Mbps Can reach 25 fps HTML5 Video Website Some HTML5 Video website when accessing with android platform www.youtube.com www.iqiyi.com HTML5 reference document SPEC http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/single-page.html?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=feed Wikipedia page http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5

Environment: VMware player 15 + ubuntu 18.04 LTS Reference document: i.MX_Yocto_Project_User's_Guide.pdf 1. Software packages for the compilation # sudo apt-get install flex bison gperf build-essential zlib1g-dev # sudo apt-get install lib32ncurses5-dev x11proto-core-dev # sudo apt-get install libx11-dev lib32z1-dev libgl1-mesa-dev # sudo apt-get install tofrodos python-markdown libxml2-utils xsltproc # sudo apt-get install uuid-dev:i386 liblzo2-dev:i386 gcc-multilib g++-multilib # sudo apt-get install subversion openssh-server openssh-client uuid uuid-dev zlib1g-dev # sudo apt-get install liblz-dev lzop liblzo2-2 liblzo2-dev git-core curl # sudo apt-get install python3 python3-pip python3-pexpect python3-git python3-jinja2 pylint3 # sudo apt-get install u-boot-tools mtd-utils android-tools-fsutils # sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk device-tree-compiler aptitude # sudo apt-get install libcurl4-openssl-dev nss-updatedb # sudo apt-get install chrpath texinfo gawk cpio diffstat # sudo apt-get install libncursesw5-dev libssl-dev libegl1-mesa # sudo apt-get install net-tools python libsdl1.2-dev xterm socat # sudo apt-get install icedtea-netx-common icedtea-netx 2. downloading yocto bsp (L5.4.24_2.1.0) # rm -rf ~/bin # mkdir ~/bin # curl https://storage.googleapis.com/git-repo-downloads/repo > ~/bin/repo # chmod a+x ~/bin/repo # export PATH=~/bin:$PATH # mkdir imx-yocto-bsp-5.4.24-2.1.0 # cd imx-yocto-bsp-5.4.24-2.1.0 # repo init -u https://source.codeaurora.org/external/imx/imx-manifest -b imx-linux-zeus -m imx-5.4.24-2.1.0.xml # cd .repo/manifests # gedit imx-5.4.24-2.1.0.xml Modify git to https like below: <remote fetch="https://git.yoctoproject.org/git" name="yocto"/> <remote fetch="https://github.com/Freescale" name="community"/> <remote fetch="https://github.com/openembedded" name="oe"/> <remote fetch="https://github.com/OSSystems" name="OSSystems"/> <remote fetch="https://github.com/meta-qt5" name="QT5"/> <remote fetch="https://github.com/TimesysGit" name="Timesys"/> <remote fetch="https://github.com/meta-rust" name="rust"/> <remote fetch="https://git.openembedded.org" name="python2"/> <remote fetch="https://source.codeaurora.org/external/imx" name="CAF"/> Save it and exit. # cd ~/ imx-yocto-bsp-5.4.24-2.1.0 # repo sync Begin to compile i.MX8MQ BSP: # DISTRO=fsl-imx-wayland MACHINE=imx8mqevk source imx-setup-release.sh -b build-wayland If users want to use chromium, do it like below, otherwise omit the step. Add CORE_IMAGE_EXTRA_INSTALL += "chromium-ozone-wayland" to local.conf And use 8 thread to compile BSP # gedit ./conf/local.conf …… BB_NUMBER_THREADS =”4” PARALLEL_MAKE =”-j 4” CORE_IMAGE_EXTRA_INSTALL += "chromium-ozone-wayland" …… Save it and exit. [comment] If your ubuntu has 8GB DDR, BB_NUMBER_THREADS can be set to “2”, PARALLEL_MAKE can be set to “-j 2”. # bitbake chromium-ozone-wayland -c fetch # bitbake imx-image-full Use ulimit -n 4096 to solve the issue. Then continue. # bitbake imx-image-full chromium compilation error: Compile chromium-ozone-wayland separately. # bitbake chromium-ozone-wayland -c cleansstate # bitbake chromium-ozone-wayland -c compile Use the command to solve the problem. # gedit ../sources/meta-imx/meta-sdk/dynamic-layers/browser-layer/recipes-browser/chromium/chromium-ozone-wayland_%.bbappend DEPENDS += "\ libxkbcommon \ virtual/egl \ wayland \ wayland-native \ mesa \ " Add mesa to DEPENDS Save and exit. Continue to compile it. # bitbake chromium-ozone-wayland -c compile done, continue to compile full image # bitbake imx-image-full Attachment is document in pdf format, which should be clear. NXP TIC team Weidong Sun 08/21/2020

i.MX6DQ HDMI dongle board uses BCM4330 which is SDIO interface as wireless module. When we try to run Ubuntu oneiric on HDMI dongle board, after correctly insmod bcm4330.ko, we found Ubuntu NetworkManger can't recognize this interface: the /var/log/syslog shows the following error: Jan 1 00:01:08 linaro-ubuntu-desktop NetworkManager[4787]: SCPlugin-Ifupdown: devices added (path: /sys/devices/virtual/net/wlan0, iface: wlan0) Jan 1 00:01:08 linaro-ubuntu-desktop NetworkManager[4787]: SCPlugin-Ifupdown: device added (path: /sys/devices/virtual/net/wlan0, iface: wlan0): no ifupdown configuration found. Jan 1 00:01:08 linaro-ubuntu-desktop NetworkManager[4787]: <warn> /sys/devices/virtual/net/wlan0: couldn't determine device driver; ignoring... After using Google search, we found /sys/devices/virtual/net/wlan0 directory dose not has directory "device", this "device" directory should be exist at network interface, without it, NetworkManager will get error "couldn't determine device driver; ignoring...", the "device" is just this network interface come from, and it should link to the real device under one hardware bus. While the bcm4330 Linux driver from Broadcom does not setup network interface real "device" so we need add this real "device" before the driver registers a network interface. Refer to the attached diff file for this modification

BlueZ5 provides support for the core Bluetooth layers and protocols. It is flexible, efficient and uses a modular implementation. BlueZ5 has implemented the Bluetooth low level host stack for Bluetooth core specification 4.0 and 3.0+HS which includes GAP, L2CAP, RFCOMM, and SDP. Besides the host stack, BlueZ5 has also supported the following profiles itself or via a third party software. Profiles provided by BlueZ: A2DP 1.3 AVRCP 1.5 DI 1.3 HDP 1.0 HID 1.0 PAN 1.0 SPP 1.1 GATT (LE) profiles: PXP 1.0 HTP 1.0 HoG 1.0 TIP 1.0 CSCP 1.0 OBEX based profiles (by obexd): FTP 1.1 OPP 1.1 PBAP 1.1 MAP 1.0 Provided by the oFono project: HFP 1.6 (AG & HF)Supported Profiles BlueZ5 has been supported in the latest Freescale Linux BSP release, so it would be pretty easy to generate the binaries for Bluetooth core stack and its profiles. In order to support A2DP sink on a SabreSD board, the following software should be downloaded and installed onto the target rootfs too. sbc decoder version 1.3 (http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/bluetooth/sbc-1.3.tar.gz) PulseAudio 5.0 (http://www.freedesktop.org/software/pulseaudio/releases/pulseaudio-5.0.tar.xz) PulseAudio package has some dependencies with bluetooth and sbc packages, and pulseaudio will detect if the two packages have been built and then decide which pulse plugin modules to be generated. So the building order will be 1) bluez5_utils or bluez_utils 2) sbc 3) pulseaudio. After compile and install the above software onto the target rootfs, you should be able to see the following executable under the directory /usr/bin From BlueZ5: bluetoothctl, hciconfig, hciattach (Needed by operating a UART bluetooth module) From PulseAudio: pulseaudio, pactl, paplay If the building dependency has been setup correctly, the following pulse plugin modules should be located under the directory /usr/lib/pulse-5.0/modules module-bluetooth-discover.so module-bluetooth-policy.so module-bluez5-device.so module-bluez5-discover.so Edit the file /etc/dbus-1/system.d/pulseaudio-system.conf, and add the following lines in red: <policy user="pulse"> <allow own="org.pulseaudio.Server"/> <allow send_destination="org.bluez"/> <allow send_interface="org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager"/> </policy> Edit the file /etc/dbus-1/system.d/bluetooth.conf, and add the following lines: <policy user="pulse"> <allow send_destination="org.bluez"/> <allow send_interface="org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager"/> </policy> Adding the following settings at the bottom of the pulseaudio system configuration file which locates in /etc/pulse/system.pa ### Automatically load driver modules for Bluetooth hardware .ifexists module-bluetooth-policy.so load-module module-bluetooth-policy .endif .ifexists module-bluetooth-discover.so load-module module-bluetooth-discover .endif load-module module-switch-on-connect load-module module-alsa-sink device_id=0 tsched=true tsched_buffer_size=1048576 tsched_buffer_watermark=262144 On the system that can automatically detect the alsa cards, the above line #13 should be removed. Also make sure "auth-anonymous=1" is added to the following line, which can resolve the issue: "Denied access to client with invalid authorization data". load-module module-native-protocol-unix auth-anonymous=1 Selecting a audio re-sampling algorithm and configuring the audio output by adding the following settings to the file daemon.conf locating in /etc/pulse resample-method = trivial enable-remixing = no enable-lfe-remixing = no default-sample-format = s16le default-sample-rate = 48000 alternate-sample-rate = 24000 default-sample-channels = 2 Pulseaudio can be started as a daemon or as a system-wide instance. To run PulseAudio in system-wide mode, the program will automatically drop privileges from "root" and change to the "pulse" user and group. In this case, before launching the program, the "pulse" user and group needs to be created on the target system. In the example below, "/var/run/pulse" is the home directory for "pulse" user. adduser -h /var/run/pulse pulse addgroup pulse-access adduser pulse pulse-access Because PulseAudio needs to access the sound devices, add the user "pulse" to the "audio" group too. adduser pulse audio Starting bluetoothd and pulseaudio: /usr/libexec/bluetooth/bluetoothd -d & pulseaudio --system --realtime & To verify if the pulseaudio has been set up correctly, you can play a local wave file by using the following command. If you can hear the sound, the system should have been configured correctly. paplay -vvv audio8k16S.wav After setting up the pulseaudio, launch bluetoothctl to pair and connect to a mobile phone. After connecting to a mobile phone, you should be able to see the following information in bluetoothctl console: [bluetooth]# show Controller 12:60:41:7F:03:00 Name: BlueZ 5.21 Alias: BlueZ 5.21 Class: 0x1c0000 Powered: yes Discoverable: no Pairable: yes UUID: PnP Information (00001200-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb) UUID: Generic Access Profile (00001800-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb) UUID: Generic Attribute Profile (00001801-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb) UUID: A/V Remote Control (0000110e-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb) UUID: A/V Remote Control Target (0000110c-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb) UUID: Message Notification Se.. (00001133-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb) UUID: Message Access Server (00001132-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb) UUID: Phonebook Access Server (0000112f-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb) UUID: IrMC Sync (00001104-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb) UUID: OBEX File Transfer (00001106-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb) UUID: OBEX Object Push (00001105-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb) UUID: Vendor specific (00005005-0000-1000-8000-0002ee000001) UUID: Audio Source (0000110a-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb) UUID: Audio Sink (0000110b-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb) Modalias: usb:v1D6Bp0246d0515 Discovering: no If you can see the audio sink UUID, you are ready to enjoy the bluetooth music now.

In recovery mode, recovery may update /boot or /system, but it never overwrite itself. The update of /recovery is in the normal bootup. When system boot up, it will execute init.rc which will call install-recovery.sh. The install-recovery.sh is in update.zip. when the system is in recovery mode, updater-script will unzip update.zip, and the install-recovery.sh will be unzip into /system/etc/. So if you update your image through recovery mode, the install-recovery.sh will be unzip to /system/etc/ automatically. If your update.zip do not include install-recovery.sh. You can edit it and copy it to /system/etc. the below is content in install-recovery.sh. #!/system/bin/sh if ! applypatch -c EMMC:/dev/block/mmcblk3p2:7762488:374c3807940a38d9497a4c5ef64a069e553bc218; then log -t recovery "Installing new recovery image" applypatch -b EMMC:/dev/block/mmcblk3p1:7203059:238a297e7e3c7197b2f5af646d0e7e49cef0fd9f EMMC:/dev/block/mmcblk3p2 374c3807940a38d9497a4c5ef64a069e553bc218 7762488 c3c9482c8616805ea4c071ee9184240936f260e5:/system/recovery-from-boot.p else log -t recovery "Recovery image already installed" fi Explain of the install-recovery.sh: 1、 judge whether the recovery-imx6q.img’s sha1 is the same with mmcblk3p2 on board. 374c3807940a38d9497a4c5ef64a069e553bc218 is the new recovery-imx6q.img’s sha1. 7762488 is the length of recovery-imx6q.img. 2、 if not the same , that mean it was a new recovery-imx6q.img. make a new recovery-imx6q.img through patch recovery-from-boot.p on boot.img. 7203059 and 238a297e7e3c7197b2f5af646d0e7e49cef0fd9f is the length and sha1 of boot.img. src-file EMMC:/dev/block/mmcblk3p2 is the recovery partition. tgt-file c3c9482c8616805ea4c071ee9184240936f260e5 is the sha1 of recovery-from-boot.p which is in update.zip. Note: 1、 recovery-from-boot.p is in update.zip. And it is unzip into /system. It is the patch of boot-imx6q.img and recovery-imx6q.img. 2、 for EMMC:/dev/block/mmcblk3p2 is the partition, you can check ./out/target/product/sabresd_6dq/recovery/root/etc/recovery.fstab to see detail partition. Check whether recovery is updated, there are two ways to check: 1、 you can write printf() in file bootable/recovery/recovery.cpp. On the board you can check the file /cache/recovery/last_log. You can find what you printf if the recovery.img was updated. 2、 Also you can use the adb the pull the recovery file system to check whether the recovery was updated.

1. Register to the meta-freescale maillist 2. Follow just the install and download steps indicated on the Freescale's github repo. Make sure you local code is in sync (repo sync) 3. Create a local branch using the repo command fs-community-bsp $ repo start <branch_name> --all Where <branch_name> can be any name you want for your contribution (either a fix or a implementation) 4. Modify the files you want under the Freescale source folders (e.g. meta-fsl-arm) 5. Create a commit (follow the recommendations from Commit Patch Message Guidelines - Openembedded.org ) meta-fsl-arm $ git add <modified file 1> meta-fsl-arm $ git add <modified file 2> . . meta-fsl-arm $ git commit -m '<recipe name>: <my contribution>' 6. Create a patch file meta-fsl-arm $ git format-patch -s --subject-prefix='meta-fsl-arm][PATCH' -1 7. Configure ~./gitconfig so you are able to send e-mails through git, e.g. [sendemail] smtpencryption = tls smtpserver = smtp.gmail.com smtpuser = [email protected] smtpserverport = 587 8.Send the patch file to the community git send-email --to [email protected] <generated patch> 9. Check your patch's progress on meta-freescale mailing list. 10. In case you need to rework your patch, make sure you add v2 (version 2 of the patch) when creating the patch meta-fsl-arm $ git format-patch -s --subject-prefix='meta-fsl-arm][PATCH v2' -1

Q: What is i.Mx6 ECSPI max frequency? https://community.freescale.com/message/338305 But in the RM we clearly state 60 MHz is the default config while Boot from SPI. I cannot measure it because I have no board where I can boot from SPI Nor. Also if I look at clocking, PLL is 480MHz divided by 8 is fixed thus we get 60 MHz. Next divider can be either 1, thus ECSPI_CLK_ROOT = 60MHz or 2, thus ECSPI_CLK_ROOT = 30 MHz. A: From i.MX6 Datasheet (IMX6DQCEC, Rev. 2.3, 07/2013), Table 52 (ECSPI Master Mode Timing Parameters) : ECSPIx_SCLK Cycle Time–Read • Slow group 55 ns • Fast group 40 ns ECSPIx_SCLK Cycle Time–Write 15 ns So, only for writing we can get ~60 MHz.

i.MX Processors Knowledge Base

i.MX Processors Knowledge Base

Discussions

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Create an Ubuntu VM environment to build Yocto BSP

Enable CAAM accelerating in OP-TEE on i.MX8QXP/QM platform(L4.14.98 GA)

i.MX Development Quick Start.pdf

i.mx6 eFUSE Burning

Limitations of the i.MX SIM Controller to Pass the EMV Certification

Android HTML5 Video

GStreamer i.MX6 Image Capture

Adding Chromium to L5.4.24_2.1.0 + I.MX8MQ-EVK

Let Ubuntu NetworkManager Recognize BCM4330 Wireless Interface

BlueZ5 and A2DP Sink on Freescale i.MX6Q/DL SabreSD

How to update the recovery.img in android

i.MX Yocto Project: How Can I Collaborate on the Freescale Yocto Project?

Q&A: What is i.Mx6 ECSPI max frequency?