All, This document will help you to understand the " YOCTO PROJECT COMMUNITY LAYERS" and the "YOCTO PROJECT FREESCALE OFFICIAL RELEASE" differences and where the layer content is coming from.   Best Regards, Luis

Question: An alignement trap in Linux had been seen in an unaligned access of the WEIM (to an external FPGA) Alignment trap: testFPGA (1027) PC=0x000086dc Instr=0xe1d330b0 Address=0x08000001 FSR 0x011 The issue can be reproduced with the platform SDK EIM parallel Nor Test on the Sabre AI - When I access WEIM_BASE_ADDR +1 I get an exception. EIM test start: Flash size: 0x 2000000 Flash erase... . Oops, data abort occurred! Registers at point of exception: cpsr = nZCvqeAift Supervisor (0x60000113) r0 = 0x00000000    r8 =  0x00000000 r1 = 0x00000000    r9 =  0x00000000 r2 = 0x00000001    r10 = 0x00000000 r3 = 0x08000001    r11 = 0x10409770 r4 = 0xdeadfeed    r12 = 0x00000001 r5 = 0x10002458    sp =  0x10409734 r6 = 0x00000000    lr =  0x1000ef9c r7 = 0x00000094    pc =  0x1000bfd0 dfsr = 0x00000001 dfar = 0x08000001 Access type: read Fault status: 0x1 Is adress alligned access mandatory for EIM or AXI HW? or is it possible to support unaligned access? Answer: EIM should support unaligned access. Also ARM architecture supports unaligned access to data and address buses but only if the MMU co-processor is setup for that. Try checking cp15 sctlr[1]. Linux discourage the access to unaligned memory and some times that makes a bus error resulting in a kernel panic. So the drivers and the setup architecture files should support unaligned memory access. ARM Information Center /linux/Documentation/unaligned-memory-access.txt The EIM device is a AXI slave which should support unaligned access. Reference Manual and there's a sub-chapter in the EIM call AXI(Master) Bus cycles support. In that chapter there's a table AXI to Memory Burst Splits Number in that table states the increment burst access to a aligned or unaligned address. I expect those are for the EIM and not refer only to the AXI bus. At any case is not state clear if unaligned access should work only in burst mode (which doesn't make any sense to me) or if the RM information is incorrect. Also in the same chapter in signals not supported never list the alignment signals so unaligned access is supported. Link with some generic ARM information about that. http://forums.arm.com/index.php?/topic/8862-axi-narrowunaligned-read-transfers/ AXI4 - Aligned & unaligned address - ARM Community

Purpose: Introduce how to debug M4 using trace 32 and the difference with regular debug mode for imx6sx. If you are using other jtag debug tools, maybe you need to do the similar configuration. Debug tools: Trace32 – you can refer to http://www.lauterbach.cn/ for more information about this tool.

After rework the board, enable two OTG controllers in Linux DTB file and disable VBUS valid comparator when in suspend mode by clear USB_OTGx_PHY_CTL2 bit 16.  Then we get the following power data on suspend mode  Suspend Mode     ****  The page is under internal check ****

Overview This purpose of this document is to introduce how to support recovery mode for POR reboot event based on MX6 Android R13.4.1. Background If you boot Android R13.4.1 on MX6 SabreSD board, the reboot reason is Watchdog. But if the reboot reason is changed from Watchdog to POR, the recovery mode is failed to enter after factory reset. In R13.4.1, the bit 8 of SRC_GPR10 is used as the persistent bit of recovery mode. This bit is expected to be kept after reboot so that U-boot can use this bit to distinguish what mode should enter. However all SRC registers will be reset on POR sequence according to i.MX6DQRM Section 59.4.1.2.3 IPP_RESET_B (POR). So when the reboot reason is POR, the persistent bit of recovery mode is cleared even if the software set it before reboot. It causes the bootloader won't enter recovery mode after reboot. Software Changes According to i.MX6DQRM, the SNVS_LP General Purpose Register provides a 32 bit read write register, which can be used by any application for retaining 32 bit data during a power-down mode. So to support recovery mode for POR event, the SNVS_LP register can be used to store the persistent bit of recovery mode. The following changes are reqiured to apply (See patches.tar.gz) Apply for Uboot patch bootable/bootloader/uboot-imx/0001-ENGR00235817-mx6-use-SNVS-LPGPR-register-to-store-bo.patch. diff --git a/cpu/arm_cortexa8/mx6/generic.c b/cpu/arm_cortexa8/mx6/generic.c index 257c930..bd47130 100644 --- a/cpu/arm_cortexa8/mx6/generic.c +++ b/cpu/arm_cortexa8/mx6/generic.c @@ -1146,14 +1146,14 @@ int check_and_clean_recovery_flag(void) {   int flag_set = 0;   u32 reg; - reg = readl(SRC_BASE_ADDR + SRC_GPR10); + reg = readl(SNVS_BASE_ADDR + SNVS_LPGPR);   flag_set = !!(reg & ANDROID_RECOVERY_BOOT);   /* clean it in case looping infinite here.... */   if (flag_set) {    reg &= ~ANDROID_RECOVERY_BOOT; -  writel(reg, SRC_BASE_ADDR + SRC_GPR10); +  writel(reg, SNVS_BASE_ADDR + SNVS_LPGPR);   }   return flag_set; @@ -1168,14 +1168,15 @@ int fastboot_check_and_clean_flag(void) {   int flag_set = 0;   u32 reg; - reg = readl(SRC_BASE_ADDR + SRC_GPR10); + + reg = readl(SNVS_BASE_ADDR + SNVS_LPGPR);   flag_set = !!(reg & ANDROID_FASTBOOT_BOOT);   /* clean it in case looping infinite here.... */   if (flag_set) {    reg &= ~ANDROID_FASTBOOT_BOOT; -  writel(reg, SRC_BASE_ADDR + SRC_GPR10); +  writel(reg, SNVS_BASE_ADDR + SNVS_LPGPR);   }   return flag_set; diff --git a/include/asm-arm/arch-mx6/mx6.h b/include/asm-arm/arch-mx6/mx6.h index efb90c2..45381e2 100644 --- a/include/asm-arm/arch-mx6/mx6.h +++ b/include/asm-arm/arch-mx6/mx6.h @@ -732,6 +732,8 @@ #define SRC_GPR9  0x40 #define SRC_GPR10  0x44 +#define SNVS_LPGPR              0x68 + /* Get Board ID */ #define board_is_rev(system_rev, rev) (((system_rev & 0x0F00) == rev) ? 1 : 0) #define chip_is_type(system_rev, rev) \ Apply for kernel patch kernel_imx/0001-ENGR00235817-mx6-use-SNVS-LPGPR-register-to-store-bo.patch diff --git a/arch/arm/mach-mx6/system.c b/arch/arm/mach-mx6/system.c index 6d24f22..61649c5 100644 --- a/arch/arm/mach-mx6/system.c +++ b/arch/arm/mach-mx6/system.c @@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ void mxc_clear_mfgmode(void) #endif #ifdef CONFIG_MXC_REBOOT_ANDROID_CMD -/* This function will set a bit on SRC_GPR10[7-8] bits to enter +/* This function will set a bit on SNVS_LPGPR[7-8] bits to enter   * special boot mode.  These bits will not clear by watchdog reset, so   * it can be checked by bootloader to choose enter different mode.*/ @@ -574,18 +574,18 @@ void do_switch_recovery(void) {   u32 reg; - reg = __raw_readl(SRC_BASE_ADDR + SRC_GPR10); + reg = __raw_readl(MX6Q_SNVS_BASE_ADDR + SNVS_LPGPR);   reg |= ANDROID_RECOVERY_BOOT; - __raw_writel(reg, SRC_BASE_ADDR + SRC_GPR10); + __raw_writel(reg, MX6Q_SNVS_BASE_ADDR + SNVS_LPGPR); } void do_switch_fastboot(void) {   u32 reg; - reg = __raw_readl(SRC_BASE_ADDR + SRC_GPR10); + reg = __raw_readl(MX6Q_SNVS_BASE_ADDR + SNVS_LPGPR);   reg |= ANDROID_FASTBOOT_BOOT; - __raw_writel(reg, SRC_BASE_ADDR + SRC_GPR10); + __raw_writel(reg, MX6Q_SNVS_BASE_ADDR + SNVS_LPGPR); } #endif diff --git a/arch/arm/plat-mxc/include/mach/mx6.h b/arch/arm/plat-mxc/include/mach/mx6.h index 48b04b1..bb22de0 100644 --- a/arch/arm/plat-mxc/include/mach/mx6.h +++ b/arch/arm/plat-mxc/include/mach/mx6.h @@ -302,6 +302,8 @@ #define SRC_GPR9   0x40 #define SRC_GPR10   0x44 +#define SNVS_LPGPR   0x68 + /* GPC offsets */ #define MXC_GPC_CNTR_OFFSET  0x0

1) Remove all "network" parameters from .../ltib-dir/rootfs/rc.d/rc.conf 2) Add the path of rootfs in the /etc/exports file eg : /home/user/ltib-dir/rootfs/rootfs *(rw,sync,no_root_squash) then execute :- #exportfs -ra 3) Execute NFS server /etc/init.d/nfs restart

This guide is about how to use EVIS to create user nodes and kernels in OpenVX to implement image processing on NPU(i.MX8MP)/GPU(i.MX8QM). Take gaussian filter as an example. It is tested on i.MX8QM and i.MX8MP. User Node Creation from User Kernel 1. Define a user node Register a user kernel by its ID or name For example, #define VX_KERNEL_NAME_GAUSSIAN "com.nxp.extension.gaussian" #define VX_KERNEL_ENUM_GAUSSIAN 100 Get the kernel reference by the ID or name For example, vx_kernel kernel = vxGetKernelByName(context, VX_KERNEL_NAME_GAUSSIAN); vx_kernel kernel = vxGetKernelByEnum(context, VX_KERNEL_ENUM_GAUSSIAN ); Create a user node vx_node node = vxCreateGenericNode(graph, kernel); Set input/output node parameters For example, vx_status status = vxSetParameterByIndex(node, index++, (vx_reference)in_image); status |= vxSetParameterByIndex(node, index++, (vx_reference)out_image); 2. Create InputValidator/OutputValidator functions for the node The validators are only used for graph verification. For example, static vx_status VX_CALLBACK vxGaussianInputValidator(vx_node node, vx_uint32 index) static vx_status VX_CALLBACK vxGaussianOutputValidator(vx_node node, vx_uint32 index, vx_meta_format metaObj) ToDo: a. InputValidator: Get the reference to the parameter object   vx_parameter paramObj = NULL; vx_image imgObj = NULL; paramObj=vxGetParameterByIndex(node, index); vxQueryParameter(paramObj, VX_PARAMETER_REF, &imgObj, sizeof(vx_image)); Check meta-data restriction vxQueryImage(imgObj, VX_IMAGE_FORMAT, &imgFmt, sizeof(imgFmt)); Check consistency with other parameters if (VX_DF_IMAGE_U8==imgFmt) status = VX_SUCCESS; else status = VX_ERROR_INVALID_VALUE; b. OutputValidator Set the meta_format object with expected meta-data for the output status |= vxSetMetaFormatAttribute(metaObj, VX_IMAGE_FORMAT, &imgFmt, sizeof(imgFmt)); status |= vxSetMetaFormatAttribute(metaObj, VX_IMAGE_WIDTH, &width, sizeof(width)); status |= vxSetMetaFormatAttribute(metaObj, VX_IMAGE_HEIGHT, &height, sizeof(height)); 3. Create Initializer function for the node. The initializer is used to specify workdim, global work size and local work size for the user kernel. These parameters are similiar to that in OpenCL. For example,                                                                                    /* workdim, globel offset, globel scale, local size, globel size */ vx_kernel_execution_parameters_t shaderParam = {2,               {0, 0, 0},        {0, 0, 0},        {0, 0, 0},   {0, 0, 0}}; vx_status VX_CALLBACK vxGaussianInitializer(vx_node nodObj, const vx_reference *paramObj, vx_uint32 paraNum) Set attribute to the node vxSetNodeAttribute(nodObj, VX_NODE_ATTRIBUTE_KERNEL_EXECUTION_PARAMETERS, &shaderParam, sizeof(vx_kernel_execution_parameters_t)); Note: The links below are guides about OpenCL on GPU, which are helpful to understand OpenVX implemented on GPU/NPU. OpenCL Work Item Ids: Global/Group/Local OpenCL Programming Guide OpenCL Resources Introduction to OpenCL 4. Create Deinitializer function for the node (Optional) It is used to de-allocate memory allocated at initializer. User Kernel on NPU/GPU Creation 1. Create description of a user kernel For example, vx_kernel_description_t vxGaussianKernelVXCInfo = { VX_KERNEL_ENUM_GAUSSIAN, VX_KERNEL_NAME_GAUSSIAN, nullptr, vxGaussianKernelParam, (sizeof(vxGaussianKernelParam)/sizeof(vxGaussianKernelParam[0])), vxGaussianValidator, nullptr, nullptr, vxGaussianInitializer, nullptr }; 2. Register the new kernel For example, static vx_kernel_description_t* kernels[] = { &vxGaussianKernelVXCInfo, }; 3. Write kernel source implemented on NPU/GPU For example, char vxcKernelSource[] = { "#include \ \n\ \n\ \n\ __kernel void gaussian\n\ ( \n\ __read_only image2d_t in_image, \n\ __write_only image2d_t out_image \n\ ) \n\ { \n\ int2 coord = (int2)(get_global_id(0), get_global_id(1)); \n\ int2 coord_out = coord; \n\ vxc_uchar16 lineA, lineB, lineC, out;\n\ int2 coord_in1 = coord + (int2)(-1, -1);\n\ VXC_OP4(img_load, lineA, in_image, coord_in1, 0, VXC_MODIFIER(0, 15, 0, VXC_RM_TowardZero, 0));\n\ int2 coord_in2 = coord + (int2)(-1, 0);\n\ VXC_OP4(img_load, lineB, in_image, coord_in2, 0, VXC_MODIFIER(0, 15, 0, VXC_RM_TowardZero, 0));\n\ int2 coord_in3 = coord + (int2)(-1, 1);\n\ VXC_OP4(img_load, lineC, in_image, coord_in3, 0, VXC_MODIFIER(0, 15, 0, VXC_RM_TowardZero, 0));\n\ int info = VXC_MODIFIER_FILTER(0, 13, 0, VXC_FM_Guassian, 0);\n\ VXC_OP4(filter, out, lineA, lineB, lineC, info); ;\n\ VXC_OP4_NoDest(img_store, out_image, coord_out, out, VXC_MODIFIER(0, 13, 0, VXC_RM_TowardZero, 0)); \n\ }\n\ " }; Note: the source is written by EVIS instructions with less latency. But the EVIS instructions are limited. These fucntions defination can be found in "cl_viv_vx_ext.h" located at "/usr/include/CL/cl_viv_vx_ext.h". Read back the processed data by GPU/NPU to check if the operations are correct. For example, status = vxCopyImagePatch(vx_out_image, &rect, 0, &addressing, data2, VX_READ_ONLY, VX_MEMORY_TYPE_HOST); 4. Build the NPU/GPU source code runtime For example, programObj = vxCreateProgramWithSource(ContextVX, 1, programSrc, &programLen); vxBuildProgram(programObj, "-cl-viv-vx-extension"); 5. Add kernel to the program For example, ... kernelObj = vxAddKernelInProgram(programObj, kernels[i]->name, kernels[i]->enumeration, kernels[i]->numParams, kernels[i]->validate, kernels[i]->initialize, kernels[i]->deinitialize ); ... for(vx_uint32 j=0; j < kernels[i]->numParams; j++) { status = vxAddParameterToKernel(kernelObj, j, kernels[i]->parameters[j].direction, kernels[i]->parameters[j].data_type, kernels[i]->parameters[j].state ); 6. Finalize the kernel creation For example, status = vxFinalizeKernel(kernelObj); Exercise The example is attached. You can build and test it on i.MX8QM or i.MX8MP. Results on i.MX8QM: References: Khronosdotorg/resources.md at master · KhronosGroup/Khronosdotorg · GitHub  Further Reading: OpenVX Vision Image Extension API Introduction - Basic API OpenVX Vision Image Extension API Introduction - DP Dot Products

Below is one implementation of i.MX as a USB Playback/Capture device on one OTG port. Design Block Diagram: Driver user space interface: As file /dev/gadget/g_audio file system : gadgetaudiofs_type usage: mount -t gadgetaudiofs path /dev/gadget /* if /dev/gadget is not exist, create it manually */ r/w interface open read write close ssize_t read(int fd, void *buf, size_t count); Notice: Attempts to read up to count bytes from file descriptor fd into the buffer starting at buf. On success, the number of bytes read is returned. This call may be blocked if device can't give enough data. Only if usb out pipe be broken(host stop audio player), return value is still positive and less than count. Error: Count must align with PCM audio frame size. If not -EFAULT as errorno. Notes: Audio frame size = audio sample size x audio channels. ssize_t write(int fd, void *buf, size_t count); Notice: Writes up to count bytes from the buffer pointed buf to the file referred to by the file descriptor fd. On success, the number of bytes written is returned. This call will never be blocked, even if the internal ring buffer dose not have enough space to write. A successful return from write() that return value equal to count does not make any guarantee that data all have been put to internal ring buffer. For example, if ring buffer is empty and has 1K bytes space, while write count is 3K bytes, only the last 1K bytes will be put to the ring buffer! Key attribute for g_audio driver USB out pipe parameter: Sample width hard code to 16bits. static int out_sample_rate = 48000; static int out_channel = 2; #define OUT_EP_ALIGN (2 * out_channel) // 2 mean 2 bytes, sample width 16bits OUT_EP_ALIGN mean “read ring buffer” write/read align, if read/write length not align this value, throw out error. Read mean user space read system call, write mean driver internal copy req->buf to “read ring buffer”. #define OUT_EP_MAX_PACKET_SIZE (192) // out pipe max packet size, it based on out_sample_rate and out_channel. 192 = (48KHZ / 1000) * out_channel * sample_width(as bytes) 192 = (48000 / 1000 ) * 2 * 2; Hear 1000 based on: as_out_ep_desc.bInterval = 4; /* 4 in hi speed as 2 exp (4 -1) = 8 uframe time, 8 uframe time is 8 * 125 us = 1ms 1000 = 1s / 1ms */ static int out_req_count = 256; /* out pipe queue count, this value dose not introduce extra audio latency ! */ #define AUDIO_READ_RINGBUF_LEN (23 * OUT_EP_MAX_PACKET_SIZE) /* 4416 bytes, max valid 23 * 192, about 23 ms at 48KHZ, this value determine out pipe max audio latency */ If “read ring buffer” full, how to handle continue write: discard the 1/3 oldest ring buffer. See function int f_audio_ringbuffer_write   if(ringbuf->len - ringbuf->actual < alignLen)   {   ringbuf->rp += (alignLen * (ringbuf->len /(alignLen * 3))); /* if cache up read pointer, discard 1/3 ring buf */   ...   } USB in pipe parameter: Sample width hard code to 16bits. static int in_sample_rate = 8000; static int in_channel = 2; #define IN_EP_ALIGN (2 * in_channel) // 2 mean 2 bytes, sample width 16bits IN_EP_ALIGN mean “write ring buffer” write/read align, if read/write length not align this value, throw out error. Write mean user space write system call, read mean driver internal copy “write ring buffer” to req->buf. #define IN_EP_MAX_PACKET_SIZE (32) // in pipe max packet size, it based on in_sample_rate and in_channel. 32 = (8KHZ / 1000) * in_channel * sample_width(as bytes) 32 = (8000 / 1000 ) * 2 * 2; Hear 1000 based on: as_in_ep_desc.bInterval = 4; /* 4 in hi speed as 2 exp (4 -1) = 8 uframe time, 8 uframe time is 8 * 125 us = 1ms 1000 = 1s / 1ms */ static int in_req_count = 32; /* in pipe queue count, this value dose introduce extra audio latency ! Latency = 32ms */ #define AUDIO_WRITE_RINGBUF_LEN (32 * OUT_EP_MAX_PACKET_SIZE) /* 1024 bytes, max valid 32 * 32, about 32 ms at 8KHZ, this value and in_req_count determine in pipe max audio latency 32 + 32 = 64 ms*/ If “write ring buffer” full, how to handle continue write: discard the 1/3 oldest ring buffer. See function int f_audio_ringbuffer_write   if(ringbuf->len - ringbuf->actual < alignLen)   {   ringbuf->rp += (alignLen * (ringbuf->len /(alignLen * 3))); /* if cache up read pointer, discard 1/3 ring buf */   ...   } Test Environment. Ubuntu 10.0.4 LTS Kernel 3.0.0-15 64bit. Ubuntu 10.0.4 LTS Kernel 2.6.32-42 64bit. Test application. Test user space application based on http://www.rosoo.net/a/201107/14725.html I will attach modified code. Test procedure. /* I.MX28 EVK board audio ADC default input is MIC, so, set it to LINE IN */ amixer sset 'ADC Mux' 'LINE_IN'  /* insmod g_audio driver and create directory for gadgetaudiofs */ modprobe g_audio && mkdir /dev/gadget /* mount gadgetaudiofs */ mount -t gadgetaudiofs path /dev/gadget /* start read g_audio device application.   It read PCM data from g_audio_device and put it to alsa playback device.   It read from g_audio_device per read system call per period_size (300 bytes).   See alsa PCM playback configuration   stream : PLAYBACK access : RW_INTERLEAVED   format : S16_LE   subformat : STD   channels : 2   rate : 48000   exact rate : 48000 (48000/1)   msbits : 16   buffer_size : 1200 (frames) (buffer time is 1200 / 48000 = 25ms)   period_size : 300 (frames)   period_time : 6250 (ns) */ ./lplay /dev/gadget/g_audio /* start write g_audio device application. It read PCM data from alsa capture device and put it to g_audio_device. It write to g_audio_device per write system call per period_size (50 bytes). See alsa PCM capture configuration   stream : CAPTURE   access : RW_INTERLEAVED   format : S16_LE   subformat : STD   channels : 2   rate : 8000   exact rate : 8000 (8000/1)   msbits : 16   buffer_size : 200 (frames) (buffer time is 200 / 8000 = 25ms)   period_size : 50 (frames)   period_time : 6250 (ns) */ ./lrecord /dev/gadget/g_audio The two processes CPU utilization on I.MX28 EVK board is about 5~15%, if you change per g_audio_device read/write system call size more larger, the more smaller CPU utilization you will get, but at the same time the more audio latency you will get. Per read/write system call size should has relation will “read/write ring buffer” size in g_audio driver. For example, if per write system call size is larger than “write ring buffer” size, then every write system call will discard some part of write buffer data. During 15 hours lplay and lrecord long test, driver and application both use default configuration as upper description, summarily 271 times driver internal buffer full appear. In another test, driver keep default configuration, new test set microphone ALSA capture buffer to 250ms, ALSA capture read as unblock mode, other configuration as lrecord application, block read USB gadget device 200 x 192 bytes (waiting 200ms), then unblock read whole ALSA capture buffer, found about every 1.5s, ALSA buffer will less then 16bytes (4 sample) compare to 200 x 32 bytes. Clock Sync issue of echo cancellation based on this implementation: Note： USB clock domain different with play back and microphone, some buffer will be discard by USB audio driver. See this diagram: 1: Echo cancellation application will try best to read “USB Output Buffer”, so no buffer will be discarded from output. ( Application input and output based on the same clock). 2: “Host playback buffer” maybe overrun because:   A: Playback source unstable and host playback buffer not enough larger.   B: Clock(playback) quick than Clock(USB). 3: Echo cancellation application will try best to read “ALSA Buffer”, so no buffer will be discarded from “ALSA buffer”. (Application discard some samples of “ALSA Buffer”) 3: Echo cancellation application handle “USB Output Buffer” and “ALSA Buffer” based on “USB Output Buffer” that same time mean based on Clock(USB). We assume Echo cancellation application will insert or discard some samples of “ALSA Buffer” based on “USB Output Buffer”. 4: Echo cancellation application will send processed buffer to USB audio driver based on Clock(USB), so no buffer will be discard from “USB Input Buffer”. If Echo cancellation application said “ I don't have the ability to insert or discard some samples of “ALSA Buffer”, we need adjust the Clock(MIC) based the internal buffer level of Echo cancellation application. But I think the “internal buffer level” will be influenced by difference of the clocks, the buffer input and output task runtime loading, so it may not be reality to implement this, need do more test on this! Add USB get output/input buffer length interface Add USB SAIF(only for i.mx 28) set clock interface For i.MX28 SAIF clock based on 480MHz. The fraction divider is 16bit, that mean the mini step is 0x 0.0001. 0x 0.0001 * 480MHz = 7324.21875Hz. If master clock as 512x frame rate, the mini step of frame rate is 14.3Hz USB get output/input buffer length interface: IOCTL CMD: #define USBAUDIO_BUFFER_STATUS_GET \ _IOR('g', 200, struct usbaudio_buffer_status) structure: struct usbaudio_buffer_status{   /* all as bytes */   __u32 playbackBufferTotalLen;   __u32 playbackBufferCurrentLen;   __u32 microphoneBufferTotalLen;   __u32 microphoneBufferCurrentLen; }; usage: struct usbaudio_buffer_status bufferStatus; ioctl(fd, USBAUDIO_BUFFER_STATUS_GET, &bufferStatus); USB SAIF(only for i.mx 28) set clock interface. IOCTL CMD: #define USBAUDIO_SAIF_CLOCK_CONTROL \ _IOWR('g', 201, struct usbaudio_saif_clock_control) structure: struct usbaudio_saif_clock_control{   /* all as HZ -1 as invalid */   __u32 saifCurrentClock; /* read */   __u32 saifNextClock; /* write */ }; usage: struct usbaudio_saif_clock_control saifClkCtl; saifClkCtl.saifNextClock = -1; ioctl(fd, USBAUDIO_SAIF_CLOCK_CONTROL, &saifClkCtl); saifClkCtl.saifNextClock = saifClkCtl.saifCurrentClock + step; ioctl(fd, USBAUDIO_SAIF_CLOCK_CONTROL, &saifClkCtl); Compile sample: /opt/freescale/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/bin/arm-linux-gcc -I /home/haidong/Work/Mx28/L2.6.35_10.12.01_ER_source/LTIB/ltib/rootfs/usr/include/ -I /home/haidong/Work/Mx28/L2.6.35_10.12.01_ER_source/LTIB/Kernel/linux-2.6.35.3/include -L /home/haidong/Work/Mx28/L2.6.35_10.12.01_ER_source/LTIB/ltib/rootfs/usr/lib/ lrecord.c -o lrecord -lasound

Hello Android users Otto has posted on the Element14 community some clear tutorial (accessible following the link below) to build Android from source. RIoTboard: Building Android from Source | element14 I recommend you to start following those steps to properly setup the Android tools. Happy Source Programming Greg

MX7D_DDR3_压力测试应用手册_V1_201611108.doc

Overview The purpose of this docuement is to collect general information about USB certification on i.MX 7Dual/Solo SabreSD board. Reference The test procedure and instructions of USB certification is similar with i.MX6 platform. You can refer to I.MX6 series USB Certification Guides for the test details.  Software Configuration "How to do usb compliance test for 4.x kernel_mx7_v1.0.pdf" in attachment is genernal software guideline for USB compliance test based on L4.x Kernel version on i.MX 7Dual/Solo SabreSD board. Test Report Please refer to attachment "Freescale Semiconductor_MCIMX7D_Pass_Test_Report_20160627_formal.pdf" for i.MX 7Dual/Solo USB OTG certification report. This report is based on: Software Image: L4.1.15_1.2.0_ga internal candidate image Hardware: i.MX 7Dual SabreSD board

Guide for Accessing GPIO From UserSpace Summary for Simple GPIO Example - quandry https://community.freescale.com/message/598834#598834

View the OSS Security and Maintenance Community

Add MIPI DSI support in uboot, the mipi panel is hx8369.

i.MX8/8X/8XL在汽车中的应用 • 娱乐导航 • 虚拟仪表 • 电子座舱 • 360环视与ADAS • C-V2X Tbox

An i.MX50 customer encountered such kernel bug recently. Android UI has no response, because the suspend work queue is blocked:     suspend       pm_suspend         enter_state           suspend_prepare / suspend_finish             pm_prepare_console / pm_restore_console               vt_move_to_console                 vt_waitactive                   vt_event_wait                     wait_event_interruptible Confimed the same bug can also happen on imx6SL which is running linux 3.0.35. e.g. by echo standby/mem > /sys/power/state It takes over thousand suspend/resume cycles to reproduce the problem. The bug fix has been merged since linux 3.6: commit a7b12929be6cc55eab2dac3330fa9f5984e12dda

This document simply introduce how to change uboot for porting new PHY on imx7D customized board   Background: Current imx7D Sabresd board uses BCM54220B0KFBG PHY, the customized board wants to use KSZ9031 as PHY on the yocto 4.9.88 version, the customized board uses only one ethernet port on ENET2 port according to the imx7D Sabresd board   Requirement: Refer to the yocto user guide of 4.9.88 version, built your own image, for simple, you can built core-image-minimal, and download the 4.9.88 mfgtool to program        The document of 4.9.88: https://www.nxp.com/webapp/Download?colCode=L4.9.88_2.0.0_LINUX_DOCS        mfgtool for downloading: https://www.nxp.com/webapp/sps/download/license.jsp?colCode=IMX6_L4.9.88_2.0.0_MFG_TOOL&appType=file2&location=null&DOWNLOAD_ID=null&lang_cd=en        Design files: https://www.nxp.com/webapp/sps/download/license.jsp?colCode=iMX7D-SABRE-DESIGNFILES&appType=file1&DOWNLOAD_ID=null&lang_cd=en     adding customized code in u-boot head file： refer to the customized board schematic as below:     This board use eth2 as ethernet port, the code mx7dsabresd.h(path: yocto-L4.9.88_2.0/build-x11/tmp/work/imx7dsabresd-poky-linux-gnueabi/u-boot-imx/2017.03-r0/git/include/configs) /* Network */ #ifdef CONFIG_DM_ETH #define CONFIG_FEC_MXC #define CONFIG_MII #define CONFIG_FEC_XCV_TYPE             RGMII #define CONFIG_FEC_ENET_DEV       0   #define CONFIG_PHYLIB #define CONFIG_PHY_BROADCOM /* ENET1 */ #if (CONFIG_FEC_ENET_DEV == 0) #define IMX_FEC_BASE              ENET_IPS_BASE_ADDR #define CONFIG_FEC_MXC_PHYADDR          0x0 #ifdef CONFIG_DM_ETH #define CONFIG_ETHPRIME                 "eth0" #else #define CONFIG_ETHPRIME                 "FEC0" #endif #elif (CONFIG_FEC_ENET_DEV == 1) #define IMX_FEC_BASE              ENET2_IPS_BASE_ADDR #define CONFIG_FEC_MXC_PHYADDR          0x1 #ifdef CONFIG_DM_ETH #define CONFIG_ETHPRIME                 "eth1" #else #define CONFIG_ETHPRIME                 "FEC1" #endif #endif     Change the source code as below, add two macro definition and change the PHY address according to the schematic: /* Network */ #define CONFIG_PHY_MICREL #define CONFIG_PHY_MICREL_KSZ9031   #ifdef CONFIG_DM_ETH #define CONFIG_FEC_MXC #define CONFIG_MII #define CONFIG_FEC_XCV_TYPE             RGMII   #define CONFIG_FEC_ENET_DEV       0     #define CONFIG_PHYLIB #define CONFIG_PHY_BROADCOM /* ENET1 */ #if (CONFIG_FEC_ENET_DEV == 0) #define IMX_FEC_BASE              ENET_IPS_BASE_ADDR #define CONFIG_FEC_MXC_PHYADDR          0x1 #ifdef CONFIG_DM_ETH #define CONFIG_ETHPRIME                 "eth0" #else #define CONFIG_ETHPRIME                 "FEC0" #endif #elif (CONFIG_FEC_ENET_DEV == 1) #define IMX_FEC_BASE              ENET2_IPS_BASE_ADDR #define CONFIG_FEC_MXC_PHYADDR          0x2   #ifdef CONFIG_DM_ETH #define CONFIG_ETHPRIME                 "eth1" #else #define CONFIG_ETHPRIME                 "FEC1" #endif #endif       adding customized code in u-boot source file： the source code named mx7dsabresd.c (path: yocto-L4.9.88_2.0/build-x11/tmp/work/imx7dsabresd-poky-linux-gnueabi/u-boot-imx/2017.03-r0/git/board/freescale/mx7dsabresd)         Don’t forget include the micrel.h file        Focus on the setup_fec fuction   Imx7d Sabresd board uses gpio_spi 5 as reset pin so the source code as below: ret = gpio_lookup_name("gpio_spi@0_5", NULL, NULL, &gpio)                if (ret) {               printf("GPIO: 'gpio_spi@0_5' not found\n");     The customized board uses GPIO1_IO03 as reset pin, so the source code was changed to : imx_iomux_v3_setup_pad(MX7D_PAD_GPIO1_IO03__GPIO1_IO3 | MUX_PAD_CTRL(NO_PAD_CTRL)); ret = gpio_request(IMX_GPIO_NR(1, 3), "enet_phy_rst"); gpio_direction_output(IMX_GPIO_NR(1, 3), 0);        mdelay(20);        gpio_direction_output(IMX_GPIO_NR(1, 3), 1);       udelay(100);         Focus on the function board_phy_config fuction Use this function to set the phy rx, tx data pad skew and clock pad skew, for ksz9031, can refer to the UDOO board, then change the setting source code as below: /* control data pad skew - devaddr = 0x02, register = 0x04 */        ksz9031_phy_extended_write(phydev, 0x02,                                MII_KSZ9031_EXT_RGMII_CTRL_SIG_SKEW,                                MII_KSZ9031_MOD_DATA_NO_POST_INC, 0x0000);        /* rx data pad skew - devaddr = 0x02, register = 0x05 */        ksz9031_phy_extended_write(phydev, 0x02,                                MII_KSZ9031_EXT_RGMII_RX_DATA_SKEW,                                MII_KSZ9031_MOD_DATA_NO_POST_INC, 0x0000);        /* tx data pad skew - devaddr = 0x02, register = 0x05 */        ksz9031_phy_extended_write(phydev, 0x02,                                MII_KSZ9031_EXT_RGMII_TX_DATA_SKEW,                                MII_KSZ9031_MOD_DATA_NO_POST_INC, 0x0000);        /* gtx and rx clock pad skew - devaddr = 0x02, register = 0x08 */        ksz9031_phy_extended_write(phydev, 0x02,                                MII_KSZ9031_EXT_RGMII_CLOCK_SKEW,                                MII_KSZ9031_MOD_DATA_NO_POST_INC, 0x03FF);       Build the uboot source code then program to the customized board, the log file as below: U-Boot 2017.03-imx_v2017.03_4.9.88_2.0.0_ga+gb76bb1b (Apr 20 2019 - 17:51:51 +0800)   CPU:   Freescale i.MX7D rev1.3 996 MHz (running at 792 MHz) CPU:   Commercial temperature grade (0C to 95C) at 32C Reset cause: POR Model: Freescale i.MX7D SabreSD Board Board: i.MX7D SABRESD RevC in secure mode DRAM:  1 GiB PMIC: PFUZE3000 DEV_ID=0x30 REV_ID=0x11 MMC:   FSL_SDHC: 0, FSL_SDHC: 1 Display: TFT43AB (480x272) Video: 480x272x24 In:    serial Out:   serial Err:   serial switch to partitions #0, OK mmc1(part 0) is current device Net:   Error: ethernet@30bf0000 address not set. eth0: ethernet@30be0000 Error: ethernet@30bf0000 address not set.   Ending： Don’t worry about this error message, because you don’t set correct mac address, one has two option to set this, For one, you can add mac address in the uboot manually, like setenv ethaddr 00:11:22:33:44:55     another option is add CONFIG_NET_RANDOM_ETHADDR=y in the configure file, then you don’t need to set mac address manually, would get a random mac address   this document just simply introduce how to change the source code in the u-boot, you also need to change the kernel dts file and kernel file to support the new PHY, the kernel has the same process, the phy address, the phy settings, and the gpio pins, hope this document give you some hints to port the new PHY

If anyone else has been frustrated by the lack of RT1050 support or is new to NXP products, the MCU On Eclipse blog has been a great help.  For example, see the MCUXpresso IDE V10.1.0 with i.MX RT1052 Crossover Processor article for a very clear overview/quickstart on getting the MIMXRT1050-EVK up and running. This document was generated from the following discussion: RT1050 Developer Resource

i.MX_Android_FAQ i.MX Android FAQ 1 Sync project and Build 1.1 How can I download AOSP repo from mirror server? By default, all aosp repo in the Android project will be downloaded from google server directly. But some may have issues to access the google server, if you have server which has mirrored the aosp repo then you can redirct the aosp repo download link. In i.MX android project, all aosp repo will be included in the ${MY_ANDROID}/.repo/manifests/aosp*.xml, you can redirect the aosp repo remote by changing the "fetch" for remote "aosp", below is an example to redirect the remote link to <your-mirror-server-address>: @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ <manifest> <remote name="aosp" - fetch="https://android.googlesource.com/" + fetch="<your-mirror-server-address>/" review="https://android-review.googlesource.com/" /> <default revision="refs/tags/android-10.0.0_r32" remote="aosp" 1.2 How do I configure the build information? BUILD_ID and BUILD_NUMBER are two makefile variables that can be used in Android core build system to specify build information if they are defined. In our release package, we define the BUILD_ID as the internal release build number, and define the BUILD_NUMBER as the internal release date. You can customize the value of these two variables in the file of ${MY_ANDROID}/device/fsl/{product}/build_id.mk. "${MY_ANDROID}" represents a the root directory of Android source code. "{product}" is related to specific chips and boards, for example, it can be "imx8m/evk_8mq". Below is an example to update the BUILD_ID for i.MX 8MQuad EVK diff --git a/imx8m/evk_8mq/build_id.mk b/imx8m/evk_8mq/build_id.mk index 257b500..b177202 100644 --- a/imx8m/evk_8mq/build_id.mk +++ b/imx8m/evk_8mq/build_id.mk @@ -18,5 +18,5 @@ # (like "CRB01"). It must be a single word, and is # capitalized by convention. -export BUILD_ID=1.0.0-ga-rc2 +export BUILD_ID=1.0.0-ga-rc3 export BUILD_NUMBER=20190114 1.3 How do I change boot command line in boot.img? After using boot.img, we stored the default kernel boot command line inside of this image. It will package together during android build. You can change this by changing BOARD_KERNEL_CMDLINE's definition in ${MY_ANDROID}/device/fsl/{product}/BoardConfig.mk file. NOTE: Replace {product} with your product, eg, imx8m/evk_8mq. 1.4 How to fix Python2 incompatible with latest git-repo? You might meet below exception when you execute "repo init" or "repo sync": haoran@pentakill:~/ssd/imx_5.4.y$ repo sync -c repo: warning: Python 2 is no longer supported; Please upgrade to Python 3.6+. Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/ssd-1/haoran/imx_5.4.y/.repo/repo/main.py", line 56, in <module> from subcmds.version import Version File "/home/ssd-1/haoran/imx_5.4.y/.repo/repo/subcmds/__init__.py", line 38, in <module> ['%s' % name]) File "/home/ssd-1/haoran/imx_5.4.y/.repo/repo/subcmds/upload.py", line 27, in <module> from hooks import RepoHook File "/home/ssd-1/haoran/imx_5.4.y/.repo/repo/hooks.py", line 472 file=sys.stderr) ^ In Android repository, the "repo" tool which used to work actually is from ${MY_ANDROID}/.repo/repo/repo. This Python script is from Google's https://gerrit.googlesource.com/git-repo by default. Google pushed the change for this git-repo.git and removed the Python2 support of the repo tool after Dec 2020. So the Python2 cannot execute the repo sub command any more based on latest repo tools. For older Android release, some build scripts of Android cannot support Python 3. So that it is not convenient to switch Python tool always between "repo sync" and images builts. A way to reslove this is that we can follow below instructions to fallback your git-repo version which work for Python 2 for older Android releases:  $cd ${MY_ANDROID}/.repo/repo $git checkout -b python2_repo 58ac1678e8438fd029a22365741fc57276eda404 $git branch python2_repo --set-upstream-to=origin/master 2 Connectivity 2.1 How do I setup a computer to support ADB? To setup a computer to support ADB, see Android web site for more details. There is one thing not clear in the page mentioned above about "setup the system to detect the device" on Ubuntu Linux, an udev rules file need to be created and well edited, please follow below steps:     1. Create the file of "/etc/udev/rules.d/90-android.rules" with root permission and add the vendors of the device to the file with below format SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="18d1", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev" SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="1fc9", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev" the id value of "18d1" is USB VID of google, which is used in our USB HAL code. the id value of "1fc9" is the USB VID of NXP.     2. now execute blow command on the host chmod a+r /etc/udev/rules.d/90-android.rules 2.2 How do I setup a computer to support ADB In Recovery mode? NXP i.MX 6/7 series support applying system update from ADB's. Linux OS supports this feature by default. For Windows OS, follow the steps below: Install the Google usb driver. Apply the patch below to the USB driver from Google. Connect the USB cable to the board and install the driver according to the instructions provided. --- android_winusb.inf 2013-06-04 13:39:40.344756457 +0800 +++ android_winusb.inf 2013-06-04 13:43:46.634756423 +0800 @@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ [Google.NTx86] +;adb sideload support +%SingleAdbInterface% = USB_Install, USB\VID_18D1&PID_D001 ;Google Nexus One %SingleAdbInterface% = USB_Install, USB\VID_18D1&PID_0D02 @@ -59,7 +61,8 @@ [Google.NTamd64] - +;adb sideload support +%SingleAdbInterface% = USB_Install, USB\VID_18D1&PID_D001 ;Google Nexus One %SingleAdbInterface% = USB_Install, USB\VID_18D1&PID_0D02 %CompositeAdbInterface% = USB_Install, USB\VID_18D1&PID_0D02&MI_01 2.3 How do I enable USB tethering? We support the USB tethering feature, and upstream device can be WIFI or Ethernet. USB tethering can be enabled in the Settings UI after your OTG USB cable is connected to PC: Settings -> Network & internet -> Hotspot & tethering -> USB tethering. On linux and Windows 7 PC, when USB tethering is enabled, you can easily get a usb network device with host driver installed automatically. The IP and DNS server is automatically configured. On Windows XP PC, when you have connected the board with the PC and you can see an unknown device named "Android" in the device manager, you have to manually install the tethering driver file of tetherxp.inf. After it is successfully installed, you can see "Android USB RNDIS device" in the device manager. By this time, you can use USB rndis network device to access the network. 2.4 How do I use MTP? The Media Transfer Protocol is a set of custom extensions to the Picture Transfer Protocol (PTP). Whereas PTP was designed for downloading photographs from digital cameras, Media Transfer Protocol supports the transfer of music files on digital audio players and media files on portable media players, as well as personal information on personal digital assistants. Starting with version 4.0, Android supports MTP as default protocol transfer files with PC, instead of the USB Mass Storage. By default, as Google suggested, we disabled the UMS and enabled MTP. NOTE: Please make sure you disable the USB Tethering when using MTP. Under WinXP, you can not make MTP work with ADB enabled, but under Win7, MTP can work together with ADB in most of the cases. When connecting the board to PC by USB cable, a USB icon will be shown in the notification bar. Then you can click on the notification area, and select "Connected as a media device" to launch the USB computer connection option UI. There, MTP and PTP can be chosen as current transfer protocol. You can also launch the option UI by Settings -> Storage -> MENU -> USB computer connection. MTP on Windows XP Windows XP supports PTP protocol by default. In order to support MTP protocol, you must install Windows Media Player (Version >= 10). When connecting to the PC, you can see MTP devices in windows explorer. Since Windows XP only supports copy/paste files in the explorer, you cannot directly open the files in MTP device. MTP on Windows 7 Windows 7 supports MTP(PTP) protocol by default. When connecting to the PC, you can see MTP devices in windows explorer. You can do any operations just as you would on your hard disk. MTP on ubuntu Ubuntu supports PTP protocol by default. To support MTP protocol, you must install the following packages: libmtp, mtp-tools by $ sudo apt-get install mtp-tools If your default libmtp version is not 1.1.1 (current latest libmtp on ubuntu is 1.1.0), you must upgrade it manually by: $ sudo apt-get install libusb-dev $ wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/libmtp/libmtp/1.1.1/libmtp-1.1.1.tar.gz $ tar -xvf libmtp-1.1.1.tar.gz $ cd libmtp-1.1.1 $ ./configure --prefix=/usr $ make -j4 $ sudo make install After you have done the steps outlined above, you can transfer the files between PC and Device by the following commands: mtp-detect: find current connected MTP device mtp-files: list all the files on MTP device 2.5 How do I set networking proxy for Wi-Fi? To configure the proxy settings for a Wi-Fi network, you have to: Tap and hold a network from the list of added Wi-Fi networks Now choose "Advanced options", and scroll down to "Proxy". Choose "Manually". Then enter the proxy settings provided by the network administrator. Finally tap on the button denoted as "CONNECT". 2.6 How to adapt the "wifi country code" for a specific country and/or region? In i.MX Android Software, "CN" is used as default code while it's mainly for mainland of China. Some other countries and/or regions are listed in below table for convenience. If the target country/region is not in below table,  Search on the internet with the keyword of "ISO 3166" for the result. Code Country/Region name CA Canada JP Japan DE Germany NL Netherlands IT Italy PT Portugal LU Luxembourg NO Norway FI Finland DK Denmark CH Switzerland CZ Czech Republic ES Spain GB United Kingdom KR Republic of Korea (South Korea) FR France SG Singapore BR Brazil IL Israel AT Austria AU Australia BE Belgium CY Cyprus EE Estonia GR Greece HU Hungary ID Indonesia IE Ireland ID India IS Iceland LT Lithuania LV Latvia MY Malaysia NZ New Zealand PH Philippines PL Poland SE Sweden SI Slovenia SK Slovak Republic TH Thailand US United States ZA South Africa   2.7 How to switch the Power role of USB Power Delivery through USB Type-C? Several i.MX 8 board support the USB Power Delivery(PD) through USB Type-C port.The board can be acted as Power Sink or Power Source. Check corresponding Android Release Notes to see whether board support USB Power Delivery(PD) or not. Below are the steps to switch the Power role: 1.Connect a reference device with i.MX board: Use a Type-C to Type-C cable to connect i.MX board with the reference device(support Usb Power Delivery). 2.Check i.MX board device's role If i.MX board connects as host , and the reference device is a device(has a usb Drop-down menu to choose transfer files, ptp), then do step 3 on the reference device. If i.MX board connects as device(has a usb Drop-down menu to choose transfer files, ptp), and the reference device is a host, then do step 3 on i.MX board. 3.Power role switch If i.MX board is host: To make i.MX board as Power Source to charge the reference device, choose "Charging this device" on the reference device's usb Drop-down menu. To make i.MX board as Power Sink to be charged by the reference device, choose "Supplying power" on the reference device's usb Drop-down menu. If i.MX board is device: To make i.MX board as Power Source to charge the reference device, choose "Supplying power" on i.MX board's usb Drop-down menu. To make i.MX board as Power Sink to be charged by the reference device,choose "Charging this device" on i.MX board's usb Drop-down menu. NOTE: 1.Below command can check current power role for the i.MX board cat /sys/class/typec/port0/power_role source [sink] : means this i.MX board is been charged by the reference device, [source] sink : means this i.MX board is charging the reference device, 2.The reference device should support the USB Power Delivery(PD). You can check whether the reference device support it or not by below command when it is connected with i.MX board's USB Type-C port: cat /sys/class/typec/port0/port0-partner/supports_usb_power_delivery, If this value is yes, then this reference device supports usb power delivery. Google pixel phone meets this requirement, but Google nexus 6 does not. 3 Core 3.1 How do I enter Android Recovery mode manually? When the system is running, press "VOLUME DOWN" and "Power" to enter Recovery mode if board has these keys. This check is in u-boot.git board support file, where you can change your preferred combo keys. Also, you can input this command in the console: reboot recovery # the board reset to recovery mode. to enter recovery mode. 3.2 How do I enter the text menu in recovery mode? NOTE: This function only works on boards with POWER / VOLUME UP / VOLUME DOWN keys. When the system completes booted up into recovery mode, you will see an Android Robot Logo Press the POWER KEY(keep pressed), and then VOLUME UP KEY going to the text menu like this: Move the menu item by VOLUME UP and VOLUME DOWN button. Select the menu item by Power Key. Select the required option using the direction keys on the keypad or keyboard. reboot system now apply update from ADB, you may update the software from update.zip by adb sideload command. Only NXP i.MX 6/7 series support this feature. wipe data/factory reset. /data and /cache partitions are formatted. wipe cache partition. /cache partition is formatted. Reboot the system. 3.3 How do I upgrade system by ADB? NXP i.MX 6/7 series support applying system update from ADB. Before upgrade the system with ADB tool, please install adb driver first, see "2 Connectivity->2.2 How do I setup a computer to support ADB In Recovery mode?" section. After the installation and setup of the driver is complete, follow the steps below: Download the OTA update package to your computer, and connect the board to your PC with USB cable. Ensure that the system has entered recovery mode. See "3.1 How do I enter Android Recovery mode manually" section. Toggle the text Menu, move the cursor to "apply update from ADB", the UI is displayed as follows: On your computer, execute below command adb sideload $YOUR_UPDATE_PACKAGE.zip After the package is sent, the system starts updating the firmware with the update file. 3.4 How do I use android fastboot? Fastboot is an utility which can be used to download images from Windows/Linux PC to the target storage device. This utility is released by Google, which can be downloaded from Android official site. Android release implements part of the fastboot commands in the U-Boot, such as: flash, reboot, getvar. Before using the fastboot, Google usb driver should be installed on windows HOST and the target board should boot up to bootloader fastboot mode. NOTE: the size of images downloaded by fastboot must be less than the related partition size. Target side: Power on the board with USB OTG connected. Make sure board enter fastboot mode. There are several ways to enter fastboot mode. Option1: Input  reboot bootloader  in console after boot. Option2: Connect power to the board. You'll see the following output from the console. U-Boot ... ... Fastboot: Normal Hit any key to stop autoboot: 3 Hit any key before the countdown completes to access the bootloader prompt. Type fastboot usb and hit Enter: Fastboot: Normal Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0 => fastboot usb NOTE: 1.On HOST PC, it will prompt you that a new device was found and that you need to install the driver. Please install it. 2.After board enter U-Boot mode, type mmc part on target side to get detail partition name defined in partition table image. Some partitions are hardcoded in u-boot, it will not be listed here. Host side: Make sure fastboot is contained by the system environment variable of "PATH". Go to image folder. Below is an example to use fastboot to flash images for NXP imx8 series. Make sure your board is in unlock state before flashing images with fastboot. bootloader0/bootloader and gpt partitions is hardcoded in u-boot, it's not in partition table file. names and number of partitions defined in partition table file may change as time goes on and new features are enabled. $ fastboot flash gpt partition-table.img $ fastboot flash bootloader0 u-boot.imx $ fastboot flash dtbo dtbo.img $ fastboot flash boot boot.img $ fastboot flash system system.img $ fastboot flash vendor vendor.img $ fastboot flash vbmeta vbmeta.img $ fastboot reboot Below is an example to use fastboot to flash images for NXP i.MX 6/7 series. $ fastboot flash gpt partition-table.img $ fastboot flash bootloader u-boot.imx $ fastboot flash dtbo dtbo.img $ fastboot flash boot boot.img $ fastboot flash system system.img $ fastboot flash vendor vendor.img $ fastboot flash vbmeta vbmeta.img $ fastboot flash recovery recovery.img $ fastboot reboot 3.5 How to do incremental OTA update for imx6/7?      3.5.1 Check the definition of "IncrementalOTA_InstallEnd" function i.MX6/7 code released before Android10(not include Android10) does not support to build incremental OTA package. need to define a function named "IncrementalOTA_InstallEnd" in releasetools.py for a specific platform, this is a file under ${MY_ANDROID}/device/fsl. take i.MX 7ULP EVK as an example, this file is ${MY_ANDROID}/device/fsl/imx7ulp/releasetools.py. if the function is not defined, make below changes on the code. Other platforms have their own releasetools.py, modify the file based on you own requirement.                                                   diff --git a/imx7ulp/releasetools.py b/imx7ulp/releasetools.py index 8c40905d..d557b23e 100644 --- a/imx7ulp/releasetools.py +++ b/imx7ulp/releasetools.py @@ -38,3 +38,25 @@ def FullOTA_InstallEnd(info): # emit the script code to trigger the dtbo updater on the device info.script.WriteRawImage("/dtbo", "dtbo.img") + +def IncrementalOTA_InstallEnd(info): + # copy the vbmeta and dtbo into the package. + try: + vbmeta_img = common.GetBootableImage( + "vbmeta.img", "vbmeta.img", OPTIONS.input_tmp, "VBMETA") + dtbo_img = common.GetBootableImage( + "dtbo.img", "dtbo.img", OPTIONS.input_tmp, "DTBO") + except KeyError: + print "no vbmeta or dtbo images in target_files; skipping install" + return + # copy the vbmeta into the package. + common.ZipWriteStr(info.output_zip, "vbmeta.img", vbmeta_img.data) + + # emit the script code to trigger the vbmeta updater on the device + info.script.WriteRawImage("/vbmeta", "vbmeta.img") + + # copy the dtbo into the package. + common.ZipWriteStr(info.output_zip, "dtbo.img", dtbo_img.data) + + # emit the script code to trigger the dtbo updater on the device + info.script.WriteRawImage("/dtbo", "dtbo.img")                                                   The variable "BOARD_PREBUILT_DTBOIMAGE" in ${MY_ANDROID}/device/fsl  is used to specify the dtbo images to be built into the OTA package. modify the value of this variable based on your requirement. Take i.MX7ULP EVK as an example, you may need to made below change to make the OTA package suitable for boards with MIPI panel display                                                   diff --git a/imx7ulp/evk_7ulp/BoardConfig.mk b/imx7ulp/evk_7ulp/BoardConfig.mk index 0c023ecc..ec1c695f 100644 --- a/imx7ulp/evk_7ulp/BoardConfig.mk +++ b/imx7ulp/evk_7ulp/BoardConfig.mk @@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ TARGET_BOARD_DTS_CONFIG := imx7ulp:imx7ulp-evkb.dtb imx7ulp-evk:imx7ulp-evk.dtb TARGET_BOARD_DTS_CONFIG += imx7ulp-mipi:imx7ulp-evkb-rm68200-wxga.dtb imx7ulp-evk-mipi:imx7ulp-evk-mipi.dtb TARGET_KERNEL_DEFCONFIG := imx_v7_android_defconfig # TARGET_KERNEL_ADDITION_DEFCONF := imx_v7_android_addition_defconfig -BOARD_PREBUILT_DTBOIMAGE := out/target/product/evk_7ulp/dtbo-imx7ulp.img +BOARD_PREBUILT_DTBOIMAGE := out/target/product/evk_7ulp/dtbo-imx7ulp-mipi.img # u-boot target used by uuu for imx7ulp_evk TARGET_BOOTLOADER_CONFIG += imx7ulp-evk-uuu:mx7ulp_evk_defconfig                                                   3.5.2 Build target package file                You can use below command to generate target package file under android environment: $ cd ${MY_ANDROID} $ source build/envsetup.sh $ lunch evk_7ulp-userdebug $ make target-files-package -j4 After the build finish, you can find target package file in the following path: . ${MY_ANDROID}/out/target/product/evk_7ulp/obj/PACKAGING/target_files_intermediates/evk_7ulp-target_files-**.zip Copy the target file to ${MY_ANDROID} directory, let's rename it as evk_7ulp-target.a.zip. then execute below command to generate the full OTA package. $ ./build/tools/releasetools/ota_from_target_files evk_7ulp-target.a.zip evk_ota_full.zip Apply this OTA package evk_ota_full.zip to the board. for example, with adb, execute below commands on the host which is connected to the board via the USB cable: $ sudo adb root $ sudo adb reboot sideload # wait a while until the system reboot into sideload mode $ sudo adb sideload evk_ota_full.zip After preceding commands finished, the reboot the system. the images running on the board is the same as images in "evk_7ulp-target.a.zip"    3.5.3 Build incremental update package An incremental update contains a set of binary patches to be applied to the data already on the device. This can result in considerably smaller update packages. Incremental OTA package is also build from target package file, the difference with full OTA package is that two target package files are needed to generate on incremental OTA package. one target package has the images already running on the board, one has the image to be updated to. For example, we've update the i.MX 7ULP EVK board with images running on it the same as images in "evk_7ulp-target.a.zip". After this, some development work is done on the code. we can build the target package file again and generate full OTA package just as described in "3.5.2 Build target package file", We can also use this new generated target package file together with evk_7ulp-target.a.zip to generate a incremental OTA package. Assume that we've generated a target file, copied to ${MY_ANDROID} directory and rename it as evk_7ulp-target.b.zip. execute below command on the host to generate incremental OTA package: $ ./build/tools/releasetools/ota_from_target_files -i evk_7ulp-target.a.zip evk_7ulp-target.b.zip evk_7ulp_ota_diff.zip An incremental OTA package is generated with preceding command. it should be applied on device running the same images as in target file evk_7ulp-target.a.zip. This incremental OTA package can also be updated to the board with adb, just as described for full OTA package. After this OTA package is applied. next time if another incremental OTA is needed, a new generated target package file and the old evk_7ulp-target.b.zip is used to generate it. 4 A/V 4.1 How do I check frame drop statistic while video playback? Input below commands from console while video playback to get the real-time frame drop statistics. dumpsys media.player | grep "num" Then check the output,frame drop statistic will be showed like: numFramesTotal(1892), numFramesDropped(0), percentageDropped(0.00%) numFramesTotal: The total frames of the video file. numFramesDropped: The dropped frame count as AV synchronization. percentageDropped: The total dropped frame percentage. 5 Graphics 5.1 How to set GPU Minimal clock to balance performance and power consumption? Normally GPU works at full speed. When thermal driver report chip too hot, the GPU driver will adjust internal clock to reduce the power consumption to cool the chip down quickly. In theory we should set the GPU clock to 1/64 so that chip can be cool down more quickly, but you may see the black screen or flicker issue when GPU work at so slow clock especially in large resolution. There is below way to customize the threshold of GPU minimal clock based the chip and the resolution of their product. Customer can set the minimal GPU clock by change below line in ${MY_ANDROID}/device/fsl/{product}/init.rc file, the value can be set to any value from 1 to 64. write /sys/module/galcore/parameters/gpu3DMinClock 3 Current default value is 3. Customer should tune and set the suitable value based on their test. 5.2 How to disable GPU acceleration? There are three parts using GPU acceleration on android. Customer may need to disable some of them separately to narrow down issue. Below are the steps to do it. 1.Disable HWComposer: You can disable HWComposer in Setting apk, Settings->System-> {} Developer options ->Disable HW overlays 2.Disable OpenGL Renderer You can disable OpenGL Renderer and force use SKIA to draw by set "setprop sys.viewroot.hw false" and kill surfaceflinger thread. 3.Disable OpenGL 3D draw Disable OpenGL 3D draw can only be done after Disable OpenGL Renderer as this operation will totally disable all 3D OpenGL acceleration. You can do it by "mv /system/lib/egl/libGLES_android.so /system/lib/egl/libGLES.so" and kill surfaceflinger thread. NOTE: below example tell you how to kill surfaceflinger root@sabresd_6dq:/ # ps | grep surfaceflinger system 159 1 168148 7828 ffffffff b6f05834 S /system/bin/surfaceflinger root@sabresd_6dq:/ # kill 159 6 Boot 6.1 How to boot form different paritions of eMMC for boards with i.MX 8QuadXPlus b0 chips? i.MX 8QuadXPlus MEK with silicon revision b0 chips can boot from eMMC boot partition 32KB offset, but this is not a behaviour specified in the Reference Manual, it is not guaranteed to work fine on your boards. As the Reference manual shows that the first image container offset is 0 if the bootloader image is in eMMC boot partition or 32KB if the bootloader image is in eMMC User data area partition. If boot from eMMC boot partition 32KB offset does not work on your boards, some changes can be made to comply with the description in the Reference Manual: 1. bootloader image at eMMC boot partition with 0 offset with this scenario, eMMC fast boot mode should be used for i.MX 8QuadXPlus silicon revision b0 chips. eMMC fast boot mode is not enabled by default, and enabling it is irreversible. fastboot command "fuse prog -y 0 0x13 0x1" can be used to enable eMMC fastboot mode, this can be add to the uuu_imx_android_flash scripts. an example on uuu_imx_android_flash.sh: diff --git a/common/tools/uuu_imx_android_flash.sh b/common/tools/uuu_imx_android_flash.sh index da45518cb..49ee53555 100755 --- a/common/tools/uuu_imx_android_flash.sh +++ b/common/tools/uuu_imx_android_flash.sh @@ -145,6 +145,9 @@ function uuu_load_uboot if [[ ${target_dev} = "emmc" ]]; then echo FB: ucmd mmc partconf ${target_num} 1 1 1 >> /tmp/uuu.lst fi + if [[ ${soc_name} = "imx8qxp" ]] && [[ ${uboot_feature} != *"c0"* ]]; then + echo FB: ucmd fuse prog -y 0 0x13 0x1 >> /tmp/uuu.lst + fi if [[ ${intervene} -eq 1 ]]; then echo FB: done >> /tmp/uuu.lst Also, the "bootloader0" partition offset for i.MX 8QuadXPlus silicon revision b0 should change to 0 from 32K. diff --git a/drivers/fastboot/fb_fsl/fb_fsl_partitions.c b/drivers/fastboot/fb_fsl/fb_fsl_partitions.c index 92c978e6c8..7e3679b19a 100644 --- a/drivers/fastboot/fb_fsl/fb_fsl_partitions.c +++ b/drivers/fastboot/fb_fsl/fb_fsl_partitions.c @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ static ulong bootloader_mmc_offset(void) { if (is_imx8mq() || is_imx8mm() || ((is_imx8qm() || is_imx8qxp()) && is_soc_rev(CHIP_REV_A))) return 0x8400; - else if (is_imx8qm() || (is_imx8qxp() && !is_soc_rev(CHIP_REV_B))) { + else if (is_imx8qm() || is_imx8qxp()) { if (MEK_8QM_EMMC == fastboot_devinfo.dev_id) /* target device is eMMC boot0 partition, bootloader offset is 0x0 */ return 0x0; 2. bootloader image at eMMC User data area partition with 32KB offset. with this scenario, code in uboot should be modified to make the "bootloader0" partition in eMMC User data area partiton. Below patch can work for i.MX 8QuadXPlus MEK with b0 chips, but it obviously will impact other platforms, apply below path with caution. diff --git a/drivers/fastboot/fb_fsl/fb_fsl_dev.c b/drivers/fastboot/fb_fsl/fb_fsl_dev.c index f1c116bea2..c23f0a3e01 100644 --- a/drivers/fastboot/fb_fsl/fb_fsl_dev.c +++ b/drivers/fastboot/fb_fsl/fb_fsl_dev.c @@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ static int get_fastboot_target_dev(char *mmc_dev, struct fastboot_ptentry *ptn) printf("Flash target is mmc%d\n", dev); if (target_mmc->part_config != MMCPART_NOAVAILABLE) sprintf(mmc_dev, "mmc dev %x %x", dev, /*slot no*/ - FASTBOOT_MMC_BOOT_PARTITION_ID/*part no*/); + FASTBOOT_MMC_USER_PARTITION_ID/*part no*/); else sprintf(mmc_dev, "mmc dev %x", dev); } @@ -559,4 +559,4 @@ void process_erase_mmc(const char *cmdbuf, char *response) sprintf(response, "OKAY"); return; -} \ No newline at end of file +} diff --git a/drivers/fastboot/fb_fsl/fb_fsl_partitions.c b/drivers/fastboot/fb_fsl/fb_fsl_partitions.c index 92c978e6c8..4629060402 100644 --- a/drivers/fastboot/fb_fsl/fb_fsl_partitions.c +++ b/drivers/fastboot/fb_fsl/fb_fsl_partitions.c @@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ static int _fastboot_parts_load_from_ptable(void) bootloader_mmc_offset() / dev_desc->blksz; ptable[PTN_BOOTLOADER_INDEX].length = ANDROID_BOOTLOADER_SIZE / dev_desc->blksz; - ptable[PTN_BOOTLOADER_INDEX].partition_id = boot_partition; + ptable[PTN_BOOTLOADER_INDEX].partition_id = user_partition; ptable[PTN_BOOTLOADER_INDEX].flags = FASTBOOT_PTENTRY_FLAGS_UNERASEABLE; strcpy(ptable[PTN_BOOTLOADER_INDEX].fstype, "raw"); eMMC also need to be set to boot from User data area partition, set this in uuu_imx_android_flash scripts. An example on uuu_imx_android_flash.sh is as below, note that this will have impact on flashing other platforms, apply it with caution. diff --git a/common/tools/uuu_imx_android_flash.sh b/common/tools/uuu_imx_android_flash.sh index da45518cb..d98844d84 100755 --- a/common/tools/uuu_imx_android_flash.sh +++ b/common/tools/uuu_imx_android_flash.sh @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ function uuu_load_uboot echo FB: ucmd mmc erase ${uboot_env_start} ${uboot_env_len} >> /tmp/uuu.lst if [[ ${target_dev} = "emmc" ]]; then - echo FB: ucmd mmc partconf ${target_num} 1 1 1 >> /tmp/uuu.lst + echo FB: ucmd mmc partconf ${target_num} 1 7 1 >> /tmp/uuu.lst fi if [[ ${intervene} -eq 1 ]]; then 7 Misc 7.1 How to enable Developer options on Android Jelly Bean and later version? Google has hidden the Developer options since the version Jelly Bean - here's how to get them back: Go to the Settings menu, and scroll down to "System". Tap it. Then Tap "About tablet" menu. Scroll down to the bottom again, where you see "Build number." Tap it seven times. After the third tap, you'll see a playful dialog that says you're four taps away from being a developer. Keep on tapping, until you've got the developer settings back. 7.2 How do I enable or disable bus frequency feature? The Bus Frequency driver is used to low down the DDR, AHB and AXI bus frequency in the SoC when the IPs who needs high bus frequency is not working. This saves the power consumption in Android earlysuspend mode significantly (playing audio with screen off). The bus frequency driver is enabled by default, if you want to enable or disable it, please do the following command in the console: Disable:    $ echo 0 > sys/bus/platform/drivers/imx_busfreq/busfreq/enable Enable:    $ echo 1 > sys/bus/platform/drivers/imx_busfreq/busfreq/enable Please note that if you're using ethernet, the up operation will enable the FEC clock and force bus frequency to be high. That means you can not go into low bus mode anymore, no matter the ethernet cable is plugged or unplugged. So if you want to system going to low bus mode, you must do 'netcfg eth0 down' to shutdown the FEC manually. If you want to use FEC again, please do 'netcfg eth0 up' manually, when FEC is shutdown with clock gated, the PHY can not detect your cable in/out events. 7.3 How do I use memtool?    7.3.1 build memtool in Android environment git clone https://source.codeaurora.org/external/imx/imx-test/ -b imx_5.4.24_2.1.0 cp -r imx-test/test/memtool ${MY_ANDROID}/external  cd ${MY_ANDROID} source build/envsetup.sh lunch evk_8mm-userdebug mmm external/memtool             The built binaries stores at ${MY_ANDROID}/out/target/product/evk_8mm/vendor/bin/memtool_32 and ${MY_ANDROID}/out/target/product/evk_8mm/vendor/bin/memtool_64    7.3.2 rebuild boot image             Add below patch to enable CONFIG_DEVMEM, then rebuild boot.img and flash it on board: fastboot flash boot_a boot.img diff --git a/arch/arm64/configs/imx_v8_android_defconfig b/arch/arm64/configs/imx_v8_android_defconfig index ee40b9aa67e6..cdc9a1d56849 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/configs/imx_v8_android_defconfig +++ b/arch/arm64/configs/imx_v8_android_defconfig @@ -477,7 +477,6 @@ CONFIG_INPUT_ISL29023=y # CONFIG_SERIO_SERPORT is not set CONFIG_SERIO_AMBAKMI=y # CONFIG_LEGACY_PTYS is not set -# CONFIG_DEVMEM is not set CONFIG_SERIAL_8250=y CONFIG_SERIAL_8250_CONSOLE=y CONFIG_SERIAL_8250_EXTENDED=y    7.3.3 use memtool on board Push memtool to board's disk: adb push ${MY_ANDROID}/out/target/product/evk_8mm/vendor/bin/memtool_32 /data/local/tmp Run memtool_32 to get help info: evk_8mm:/ # /data/local/tmp/memtool_32 Usage: Read memory: memtool [-8 | -16 | -32] <phys addr> <count> Write memory: memtool [-8 | -16 | -32] <phys addr>=<value>   7.4 How do I use systrace? The systrace tool can be used to analyze Android device performance. Please refer to below links about what is systrace and how to use it: https://source.android.com/devices/tech/debug/systrace  https://developer.android.com/topic/performance/tracing/command-line  The systrace tool will require the "CONFIG_DEBUG_FS" config to be enabled or you may have below error when generating the report: Starting tracing (stop with enter) Tracing completed. Collecting output... /system/bin/sh: <stdin>[2]: can't create /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_marker: No such file or directory Outputting Systrace results... In some new Android releases, the "CONFIG_DEBUG_FS" config is disabled by default, you will need to enable it by yourself to enable the systrace function. For example: diff --git a/arch/arm64/configs/imx_v8_android_car2_defconfig b/arch/arm64/configs/imx_v8_android_car2_defconfig index 9e38bb17d640..bf35ce161d6d 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/configs/imx_v8_android_car2_defconfig +++ b/arch/arm64/configs/imx_v8_android_car2_defconfig @@ -509,3 +509,4 @@ CONFIG_PANIC_TIMEOUT=5 CONFIG_DEBUG_LIST=y CONFIG_ENABLE_DEFAULT_TRACERS=y # CONFIG_UPROBE_EVENTS is not set +CONFIG_DEBUG_FS=y   8 Port ISP camera to Android It’s a quick guide for developers to port ISP camera from Linux to Android on evk_8mp. Assume you have already got the Android source code and know how to build and flash image. Those can be got from Android release docs. Below just focus on porting ISP camera. Also assume the camera works ok on Linux.   8.1 Driver code path vendor/nxp-opensource/verisilicon_sw_isp_vvcam   8.2 Driver compile 8.2.1 compile command Under Android root path, follow below commands. 1) source build/envsetup.sh 2) lunch evk_8mp-userdebug 3) ./imx-make.sh kernel -j8     // Just run once is ok 4) ./imx-make.sh vvcam -j8  If build ok, will generate ko under below path. fanghui@aps001:~/share_home2/android-11-5.10/out/target/product/evk_8mp$ ls obj/VVCAM_OBJ/ basler-camera-driver-vvcam.ko  kernelenv.sh  os08a20.ko  ov2775.ko  vvcam-dwe.ko  vvcam-isp.ko  vvcam-video.ko   8.2.2 compile arrangement Below are the related files vvcam/vvcam.mk If a new sensor is added. You need add copy script in vvcam.mk, such as cp $(VVCAM_SRC_PATH)/sensor/ov2775/ov2775.ko $(VVCAM_OUT);   vvcam/v4l2/Kbuild It’s copied from vvcam/v4l2/Makefile, just some necessary changes to make it build ok on Android. If there are changes for a new sensor in Makefile, should be aligned to Kbuild.   device/nxp/common/build/Makefile FYI. It’s where vvcam is added to the android build system. You should never change it. fanghui@aps001:~/share_home2/android-11-5.10/device/nxp$ grep -rn vvcam.mk common/build/Makefile:20:-include ${VVCAM_PATH}/vvcam/vvcam.mk   8.3 Driver update    On 8mp, GKI (genera kernel image) is used. ISP related KOs are built into vendor_boot.img, then flash to the board. Follow below command. cd ANDROID_ROOT    // assume “ANDROID_ROOT” is the root path of android code. ./imx-make.sh vendorbootimage -j8 adb reboot bootloader sudo fastboot flash vendor_boot out/target/product/evk_8mp/vendor_boot.img. sudo fastboot reboot After reboot, the updated KOs will be loaded   Note: If add new KO, need first add to device/nxp/imx8m/evk_8mp/SharedBoardConfig.mk as below. ifeq ($(IMX8MP_USES_GKI),true) BOARD_VENDOR_RAMDISK_KERNEL_MODULES +=     \     ……     $(TARGET_OUT_INTERMEDIATES)/VVCAM_OBJ/basler-camera-driver-vvcam.ko \     $(TARGET_OUT_INTERMEDIATES)/VVCAM_OBJ/vvcam-video.ko \     $(TARGET_OUT_INTERMEDIATES)/VVCAM_OBJ/vvcam-dwe.ko \     $(TARGET_OUT_INTERMEDIATES)/VVCAM_OBJ/vvcam-isp.ko \   8.4 DTB update 8.4.1 DTB arrangement In device/nxp/imx8m/evk_8mp/BoardConfig.mk, change below to your dtb.     # Default dual basler     TARGET_BOARD_DTS_CONFIG := imx8mp:imx8mp-evk-dual-basler.dtb  Related dts file should be under     vendor/nxp-opensource/kernel_imx/arch/arm64/boot/dts/freescale  8.4.2 Build DTB image On ANDROID root path, run ./imx-make.sh kernel -j8 ./imx-make.sh dtboimage -j8 8.4.3 Update DTB image 1) adb reboot bootloader 2) sudo fastboot flash dtbo dtbo-imx8mp.img 3) sudo fastboot reboot   8.5 New sensor lib update 8.5.1 Build sensor lib      The default sensor is basler. If use new sensor, you need build your own libMySensor.so to implement interfaces in isi_iss.h.       You should got ISP code package by "wget https://www.nxp.com/lgfiles/NMG/MAD/YOCTO/isp-imx-4.2.2.15.0.bin". Note: the "isp-imx-4.2.2.15.0.bin" should be replaced the version you used.        Follow appshell/readme_android.txt to build the lib. 8.5.2 Update sensor lib       1) adb root       2) adb remount       3) adb pull /vendor/etc/configs/isp/Sensor0_Entry.cfg       4) Change "drv ="/vendor/lib64/DAA3840_30MC_1080P.drv""           to "drv ="/vendor/lib64/libMySensor.so"".           Change xml and dwe to related files.       5) adb push Sensor0_Entry.cfg /vendor/etc/configs/isp/     Also, you may push related xml/dwe files. Note:     "/vendor/etc/configs/isp" may still read only even after "adb remount", it's due to overlay system. Ref "overlay" in "/vendor/etc/init/hw/init.nxp.rc".     On default image, "/vendor/etc/configs/isp" is overlaid by "/vendor/vendor_overlay_sensor/os08a20/vendor/etc/configs/isp".      So need update files under "/vendor/vendor_overlay_sensor/os08a20/vendor/etc/configs/isp", then reboot.     After reboot, "/vendor/etc/configs/isp" is updated. 9 Security 9.1 How to enhance IOMUX security? The IOMUX module on i.MX 8M serials SoCs enables flexible I/O multiplexing, allowing users to configure each IO pad as one of selectable functions. The CSU (Central Security Unit) module on i.MX 8M can be used to configure some devices as secure only accessible to protect the security of these devices. But as the IOMUX is Non-Secure accessilbe and thus the pad function can be configured dynamicaly, there is one risk if hackers reconfigure the IO pad to make the device connected to other controller which is accessible to Non-Secure world. One solution for this issue is configuring the CSU to limit Non-Secure access to IOMUX, all IOMUX registers write operations are routed to Trusty OS. In the Trusty OS, add all sensitive IO resources to one blacklist, the IOMUX driver in Trusty OS should check and deny any write attemption to sensitive registers from Non-Secure world. One example patch set is attached to show how to assign the IOMUX to secure world and how to route the IOMUX write operations to Trusty OS. In this example, the USB Host pinctrl PAD on i.MX8MP EVK was assigned to secure world. The layout of the example codes are:         . ├── atf │ └── 0001-config-iomux-to-secure-write.patch --> ${MY_ANDROID}/vendor/nxp-opensource/arm-trusted-firmware ├── kernel │ └── 0001-Use-Trusty-OS-to-handle-iomux-registers-written-oper.patch --> ${MY_ANDROID}/vendor/nxp-opensource/kernel_imx/ ├── trusty │ └── 0001-Add-iomux-pinctrl-TEE-handler.patch --> ${MY_TRUSTY}/trusty/hardware/nxp └── u-boot └── 0001-Use-Trusty-OS-to-handle-IOMUX-operation.patch --> ${MY_ANDROID}/vendor/nxp-opensource/uboot-imx