Setting up your machine Exporting variables Edit your ~/.bashrc and add these 2 lines export ARCH=arm export CROSS_COMPILE=/opt/gcc-4.1.2-glibc-2.5-nptl-3/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/bin/arm-none-linux-gnueabi- To build and debug android you will need to install some packages and services in the host machine,this how-to assumes that you are using Ubuntu 9.04 or greater. Installing packages sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-server patch g++ rpm zlib1g-dev m4 bison libncurses5-dev gettext build-essential tcl intltool libxml2-dev minicom tftpd xinetd For a complete list, depending on system type, refer to Installing required packages Set serial port Setting TFTP Setting NFS Compile Android Download the SDK from our internal repository cd /opt wget http://android.maxtrack.com.br/imx-android-r6.tar.gz tar xvfz imx-android-r6.tar.gz cd imx-android-r6/code tar xzvf R6.tar.gz cd ~ mkdir myandroid cd myandroid curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo > ./repo chmod a+x ./repo ./repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b donut * If you are behind a firewall or proxy try this one:./repo init -u http://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b donut cp /opt/imx-android-r6/code/R6/default.xml .repo/manifests/default.xml ./repo sync Preparing cross compiling tools cd /opt/imx-android-r6/tool tar xzvf gcc-4.1.2-glibc-2.5-nptl-3.tar.gz -C /opt export ARCH=arm export CROSS_COMPILE=/opt/gcc-4.1.2-glibc-2.5-nptl-3/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/bin/arm-none-linux-gnueabi- Download the kernel source git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-2.6.28.y.git kernel_imx Download U-Boot cd bootable/bootloader git clone git://git.denx.de/u-boot.git uboot-imx Patching the environment Previously we decompressed the SDK at "/opt/imx-android-r6/code/R6" there we can find all the patches needed to iMX51 cd ~/myandroid . /opt/imx-android-r6/code/R6/and_patch.sh c_patch /opt/imx-android-r6/code/R6 imx_R6 Build Uboot cd ~/myandroid/bootable/bootloader/uboot-imx make mx51_bbg_android_config make Build Android cd ~/myandroid make PRODUCT-imx51_BBG-eng 2>&1 | tee build_imx51_BBG_android.log For i.MX51 BBG build, it will generate the compiled environment under myandroid/out/target/product/imx51_BBG. These 4 folders can be used to create your Android file system for NFS mounting, i.e., "root/" -> "/", "system/" -> "/system", "data/" -> "/data" root/ : root file system (including init, init.rc, etc). Will be mounted at "/" system/: Android system binary/libraries. Will be mounted at "/system" data/: Android data area. Will be mounted at "/data" recovery/: root file system when booting in "recovery" mode. Not directly used. Image files to use with SD cards ramdisk.img: Ramdisk image generated from "root/". Not directly used. system.img: EXT3 image generated from "system/". Can be programmed to "SYSTEM" partition on SD card with "dd" userdata.img: EXT3 image generated from "data/". recovery.img: EXT3 image generated from "recovery/". Can be programmed to "RECOVERY" partition on SD card with "dd" Build uRamdisk Assuming that you had already built uboot, "mkimage" was generated under myandroid//bootable/bootloader/uboot-imx/tools/ cd ~/myandroid/out/target/product/imx51_BBG ~/myandroid/bootable/bootloader/uboot-imx/tools/mkimage -A arm -O linux -T ramdisk -C none -a 0x90308000 -n "Android Root Filesystem" -d ./ramdisk.img ./uramdisk.img Build Kernel Image If you want to run Android via NFS or from SD, you can build kernel with default configuration now: cd ~/myandroid/kernel_imx make imx51_android_defconfig make uImage After compiling the image can be found at ~/myandroid/kernel_imx/arch/arm/boot/uImage. Since we are using Uboot we will need to do this step: cd myandroid/kernel_imx/arch/arm/boot ~/myandroid/bootable/bootloader/uboot-imx/tools/mkimage -A arm -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 0x90008000 -e 0x90008000 -n "Android Linux Kernel" -d ./zImage ./uImage Boot FS from SDcard Partioning the SD Card Insert your SD card/cardreader to the Linux PC (you need root privileges for programming SD), you can use dmesg to check the SD device, in our how-to we will consider that the sdcard is detected as /dev/sdb, so be careful to not mess up your own file system. To boot the entire FS from SDcard you must follow this partition schema: File:Pt.png To achieve this, we are going to use fdisk to create the partition table: # sudo fdisk /dev/sdb Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x1787490d. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) Listing the partition talbe (in our example the SDcard does not have a partition schema): Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 3965 MB, 3965190144 bytes 122 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1023 cylinders Units = cylinders of 7564 * 512 = 3872768 bytesDisk identifier: 0x1787490d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System If you have any previous partition, please delete it using the "d" command. Pay attention that each sdcard block has 3872768 bytes (this size usually changes for each type of sdcard) so the first step is to jump at least 8 MB to store uboot, kernel and ramdisk ( as shown in the partition schema ) With that advice in mind, create a 10 MB primary partition that will store the media (/sdcards): Command (m for help): nCommand action e extended p primary partition (1-4) pPartition number (1-4): 1First cylinder (1-1023, default 1): +8MLast cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (2-1023, default 1023): +10M List the partition table to check if the partition was correctly created:
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 3965 MB, 3965190144 bytes
122 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1023 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 7564 * 512 = 3872768 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1787490d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2 5 15128 83 Linux Note that the first partition does not start in the first cylinder; the first cylinder and the second one will store uboot, kernel and ramdisk. Now we need to change the partition label to vfat: Command (m for help): tSelected partition 1 Hex code (type L to list codes): bChanged system type of partition 1 to b (W95 FAT32) Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 3965 MB, 3965190144 bytes 122 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1023 cylinders Units = cylinders of 7564 * 512 = 3872768 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1787490d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2 5 15128 b W95 FAT32 Create another 80 MB primary partition with 80 MB storage capacity; this partition will store the system's files. This partition must start in the cylinder that follows the last cylinder of the former partition. Command (m for help): nCommand action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 2First cylinder (1-1023, default 1): 6Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (6-1023, default 1023): +80M Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 3965 MB, 3965190144 bytes 122 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1023 cylinders Units = cylinders of 7564 * 512 = 3872768 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1787490d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2 5 15128 b W95 FAT32 /dev/sdb2 6 28 86986 83 Linux Now you must create an extended partition big enough to store other 2 logic partitions ( DATA partition with 20 MegaBytes and CACHE partition with 10 MB): Command (m for help): nCommand action e extended p primary partition (1-4) ePartition number (1-4): 3First cylinder (1-1023, default 1): 29Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (29-1023, default 1023): +30M Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 3965 MB, 3965190144 bytes 122 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1023 cylinders Units = cylinders of 7564 * 512 = 3872768 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1787490d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2 5 15128 b W95 FAT32 /dev/sdb2 6 28 86986 83 Linux /dev/sdb3 29 37 34038 5 Extended Now create the logic partitions: Command (m for help): nCommand action l logical (5 or over) p primary partition (1-4) lFirst cylinder (29-37, default 29): Using default value 29 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (29-37, default 37): +20M Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 3965 MB, 3965190144 bytes 122 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1023 cylinders Units = cylinders of 7564 * 512 = 3872768 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1787490d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2 5 15128 b W95 FAT32 /dev/sdb2 6 28 86986 83 Linux /dev/sdb3 29 37 34038 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 29 34 22661 83 Linux Command (m for help): nCommand action l logical (5 or over) p primary partition (1-4) lFirst cylinder (35-37, default 35): Using default value 35 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (35-37, default 37): Using default value 37 At last, you must create a primary partition to store the /recovery: Command (m for help): nCommand action l logical (5 or over) p primary partition (1-4) pSelected partition 4 First cylinder (1-1023, default 1): 38 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (38-1023, default 1023): +10M Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 3965 MB, 3965190144 bytes 122 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1023 cylinders Units = cylinders of 7564 * 512 = 3872768 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1787490d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2 5 15128 b W95 FAT32 /dev/sdb2 6 28 86986 83 Linux /dev/sdb3 29 37 34038 5 Extended /dev/sdb4 38 41 15128 83 Linux /dev/sdb5 29 34 22661 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 35 37 11315 83 Linux Saving the partition table: Command (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot. WARNING: If you have created or modified any DOS 6.x partitions, please see the fdisk manual page for additional information. Syncing disks. Now you are ready to start flashing the SDcard: Flashing SDcard Flashing Uboot cd ~/myandroid/bootable/bootloader/uboot-imx sudo dd if=your_bootloader_binfile of=/dev/sdb bs=1K seek=1 Usually we use this no-padding uboot image in SD card, i.e. program this no-padding uboot image into 1KB offset of SD card so that we will NOT overwrite the MBR (including partition table) within 1st 512B on SD card. Formatting the SD Do not copy and paste the commands; wait for the complete output. sudo mkfs.vfat /dev/sdb1 sudo mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb2 sudo mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb4 sudo mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb5 sudo mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb6 Flashing Kernel cd ~/myandroid/kernel_imx/arch/arm/boot sudo dd if=uImage of=/dev/sdb bs=1M seek=1 Flashing FS cd ~/myandroid/out/target/product/imx51_BBG sudo dd if=uramdisk.img of=/dev/sdb bs=4M seek=1 sudo dd if=system.img of=/dev/sdb2 (Program system.img into SYSTEM partition which will be mounted as "/system") sudo dd if=recovery.img of=/dev/sdb4 (Program recovery.img into RECOVERY partition which will mounted as "/" in recovery mode) Configure Uboot After inserting the SD card in the board (the slot is located at the inferior portion of the board), plugging in the serial cable and start a configured minicom session, you should turn on the iMX51 board and see in your console something like this: U-Boot 2009.08-00046-gf91e287 (Jan 18 2010 - 12:32:32) CPU: Freescale i.MX51 family 2.5V at 400 MHz mx51 pll1: 800MHz mx51 pll2: 665MHz mx51 pll3: 216MHz ipg clock : 66500000Hz ipg per clock : 665000000Hz uart clock : 66500000Hz cspi clock : 54000000Hz Board: MX51 BABBAGE 3.0 [POR] Boot Device: MMC DRAM: 512 MB MMC: FSL_ESDHC: 0 In: serial Out: serial Err: serial Press home + power to enter recovery mode ... Net: FEC0 [PRIME] Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0 BBG U-Boot > Copy and paste these configurations, line by line: setenv bootcmd 'run bootcmd_SD1 bootcmd_SD2' setenv bootcmd_SD1 'run bootargs_base bootargs_android bootargs_SD' setenv bootcmd_SD2 'mmc read 0 ${loadaddr} 0x800 0x1280;mmc read 0 ${rd_loadaddr} 0x2000 0x258;bootm ${loadaddr} ${rd_loadaddr}' setenv bootargs_base 'setenv bootargs console=ttymxc0,115200' setenv bootargs_SD 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs}' setenv bootargs_android 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} init=/init androidboot.console=ttymxc0 wvga calibration' setenv loadaddr 0x90800000 setenv rd_loadaddr 0x90B00000 saveenv Reboot the board:
reset
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