Print caller stack may help you to analyze the program and find out the caller stack more easily. You can write your code like this: Java:      Exception e = new Exception();      Log.e(TAG,"xxx",e); C++ file:       #include <utils/Callstack.h>      android::CallStack stack;      stack.update(1,30);      stacn.dump("xxx"); Then you can see the function's caller stack in Android main log file. C file: #include <corkscrew/backtrace.h> #define MAX_DEPTH 31 #define MAX_BACKTRACE_LINE_LENGTH 800 static backtrace_frame_t mStack[MAX_DEPTH]; static size_t mCount; void csupdate(int32_t ignoreDepth, int32_t maxDepth) {     if (maxDepth > MAX_DEPTH) {         maxDepth = MAX_DEPTH;     }     ssize_t count = unwind_backtrace(mStack, ignoreDepth + 1, maxDepth);     mCount = count > 0 ? count : 0; } void csdump(const char* prefix)\ { size_t i = 0;     backtrace_symbol_t symbols[MAX_DEPTH];     get_backtrace_symbols(mStack, mCount, symbols);     for (i = 0; i < mCount; i++) {         char line[MAX_BACKTRACE_LINE_LENGTH];         format_backtrace_line(i, &mStack[i], &symbols[i],                 line, MAX_BACKTRACE_LINE_LENGTH);         ALOGE("%s%s", prefix, line);     }     free_backtrace_symbols(symbols, mCount); } void myFunc() {      csupdate(1, 30);      csdump("myprefix"); } In Android.mk, add libcorkscrew, as below LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := libxxx libyyy libcorkscrew

Gst-entrans.spec GStreamer gst-inspect Tool GStreamer gst-launch Tool i.MX27 Video GST Caps i.MX27 ADS Board Video GST Play i.MX27 ADS Board Video GST Encode Gst-inspect mfw vpuencoder 1109 2.0.2 GStreamer Miscellaneous GStreamer i.MX6 Decoding GStreamer i.MX6 Multi-Display GStreamer i.MX6 Encoding GStreamer i.MX6 Image Display GStreamer i.MX6 Camera Streaming GStreamer i.MX6 Image Capture GStreamer i.MX6 Multi-Overlay GStreamer i.MX6 Pipelines GStreamer ffmpeg GStreamer Streaming GStreamer Transcoding and Scaling Testing GStreamer Tracing GStreamer Pipelines Useful Gstreamer Commands Using a USB Camera with GStreamer

Description about VPU & IPU usage in Android R13.4 GA release for i.MX6DQ

The patches are based on iMX6 L3.10.53 and 3.14.52 GA BSP.   In default linux BSP, the followed two pathes were supported in kernel driver mxc_v4l2_capture.c: CSI->IC->MEM CSI->MEM   After appied these patches, it can support the followed path: CSI->VDI->IC->MEM CSI->VDI->MEM In this mode, the VDI de-interlace will be handled on the fly, so the whole system bandwidth will be reduced.   Limitations: 1. Since the IC can only output resolution up to 1024*1024, so this is the limation on output. 2. Only VDI motion mode 2 was supported.   mxc_v4l2_tvin.zip: It is the test aplication, test command for CSI->VDI->IC->MEM ("-i 2" means CSI->VDI->IC->MEM path.): ./mxc_v4l2_tvin.out -ol 0 -ot 0 -ow 800 -oh 480 -i 2 -g2d"   test command for CSI->VDI->MEM ("-i 3" means CSI->VDI->MEM path.): ./mxc_v4l2_tvin.out -ol 0 -ot 0 -ow 800 -oh 480 -i 3 -g2d"  

All, This document will help you to understand the " YOCTO PROJECT COMMUNITY LAYERS" and the "YOCTO PROJECT FREESCALE OFFICIAL RELEASE" differences and where the layer content is coming from.   Best Regards, Luis

    Xenomai is real-time framework, which can run seamlessly side-by-side Linux as a co-kernel system, or natively over mainline Linux kernels (with or without PREEMPT-RT patch). The dual kernel nicknamed Cobalt, is a significant rework of the Xenomai 2.x system. Cobalt implements the RTDM specification for interfacing with real-time device drivers. The native linux version, an enhanced implementation of the experimental Xenomai/SOLO work, is called Mercury. In this environment, only a standalone implementation of the RTDM specification in a kernel module is required, for interfacing the RTDM-compliant device drivers with the native kernel. You can get more detailed information from Home · Wiki · xenomai / xenomai · GitLab       I have ported xenomai 3.1 to i.MX Yocto 4.19.35-1.1.0, and currently support ARM64 and test on i.MX8MQ EVK board. I did over night test( 5 real-time threads + GPU SDK test case) and stress test by tool stress-ng on i.MX8MQ EVK board. It looks lile pretty good. Current version (20200730) also support i.MX8MM EVK.     You need git clone https://gitee.com/zxd2021-imx/xenomai-arm64.git, and git checkout xenomai-4.19.35-1.1.0-20200818 (which inlcudes all patches and bb file) and add the following variable in conf/local.conf before build xenomai by command bitbake xenomai.  XENOMAI_KERNEL_MODE = "cobalt"  PREFERRED_VERSION_linux-imx = "4.19-${XENOMAI_KERNEL_MODE}" IMAGE_INSTALL_append += " xenomai" or XENOMAI_KERNEL_MODE = "mercury" PREFERRED_VERSION_linux-imx = "4.19-${XENOMAI_KERNEL_MODE}" IMAGE_INSTALL_append += " xenomai" If XENOMAI_KERNEL_MODE = "cobalt", you can build dual kernel version. And If XENOMAI_KERNEL_MODE = "mercury", it is single kernel with PREEMPT-RT patch. The following is test result by the command (/usr/xenomai/demo/cyclictest -p 99 -t 5 -m -n -i 1000  -l 100000😞 //Over normal Linux kernel without GPU SDK test case T: 0 ( 4220) P:99 I:1000 C: 100000 Min: 7 Act: 10 Avg: 9 Max: 23 T: 1 ( 4221) P:99 I:1500 C: 66672 Min: 7 Act: 10 Avg: 10 Max: 20 T: 2 ( 4222) P:99 I:2000 C: 50001 Min: 7 Act: 12 Avg: 10 Max: 81 T: 3 ( 4223) P:99 I:2500 C: 39998 Min: 7 Act: 11 Avg: 10 Max: 29 T: 4 ( 4224) P:99 I:3000 C: 33330 Min: 7 Act: 13 Avg: 10 Max: 26 //Over normal Linux kernel with GPU SDK test case T: 0 ( 4177) P:99 I:1000 C: 100000 Min: 7 Act: 10 Avg: 11 Max: 51 T: 1 ( 4178) P:99 I:1500 C: 66673 Min: 7 Act: 12 Avg: 10 Max: 35 T: 2 ( 4179) P:99 I:2000 C: 50002 Min: 7 Act: 12 Avg: 11 Max: 38 T: 3 ( 4180) P:99 I:2500 C: 39999 Min: 7 Act: 12 Avg: 11 Max: 42 T: 4 ( 4181) P:99 I:3000 C: 33330 Min: 7 Act: 12 Avg: 11 Max: 36   //Cobalt with stress-ng --cpu 4 --io 2 --vm 1 --vm-bytes 512M --timeout 600s --metrics-brief T: 0 ( 4259) P:50 I:1000 C:3508590 Min:      0 Act:    0 Avg:    0 Max:      42 T: 1 ( 4260) P:50 I:1500 C:2338831 Min:      0 Act:    1 Avg:    0 Max:      36 T: 2 ( 4261) P:50 I:2000 C:1754123 Min:      0 Act:    1 Avg:    1 Max:      42 T: 3 ( 4262) P:50 I:2500 C:1403298 Min:      0 Act:    1 Avg:    1 Max:      45 T: 4 ( 4263) P:50 I:3000 C:1169415 Min:      0 Act:    1 Avg:    1 Max:      22   //Cobalt without GPU SDK test case T: 0 ( 4230) P:50 I:1000 C: 100000 Min: 0 Act: 0 Avg: 0 Max: 4 T: 1 ( 4231) P:50 I:1500 C:   66676 Min: 0 Act: 1 Avg: 0 Max: 4 T: 2 ( 4232) P:50 I:2000 C:   50007 Min: 0 Act: 1 Avg: 0 Max: 8 T: 3 ( 4233) P:50 I:2500 C:   40005 Min: 0 Act: 1 Avg: 0 Max: 3 T: 4 ( 4234) P:50 I:3000 C:   33338 Min: 0 Act: 1 Avg: 0 Max: 5 //Cobalt with GPU SDK test case T: 0 ( 4184) P:99 I:1000 C:37722968 Min: 0 Act: 1 Avg: 0 Max: 24 T: 1 ( 4185) P:99 I:1500 C:25148645 Min: 0 Act: 1 Avg: 0 Max: 33 T: 2 ( 4186) P:99 I:2000 C:18861483 Min: 0 Act: 1 Avg: 0 Max: 22 T: 3 ( 4187) P:99 I:2500 C:15089187 Min: 0 Act: 1 Avg: 0 Max: 23 T: 4 ( 4188) P:99 I:3000 C:12574322 Min: 0 Act: 1 Avg: 0 Max: 29 //Mercury without GPU SDK test case T: 0 ( 4287) P:99 I:1000 C:1000000 Min: 6 Act: 7 Avg: 7 Max: 20 T: 1 ( 4288) P:99 I:1500 C:  666667 Min: 6 Act: 9 Avg: 7 Max: 17 T: 2 ( 4289) P:99 I:2000 C:  499994 Min: 6 Act: 8 Avg: 7 Max: 24 T: 3 ( 4290) P:99 I:2500 C:  399991 Min: 6 Act: 9 Avg: 7 Max: 19 T: 4 ( 4291) P:99 I:3000 C:  333322 Min: 6 Act: 8 Avg: 7 Max: 21 //Mercury with GPU SDK test case T: 0 ( 4222) P:99 I:1000 C:1236790 Min: 6 Act: 7 Avg: 7 Max: 55 T: 1 ( 4223) P:99 I:1500 C:  824518 Min: 6 Act: 7 Avg: 7 Max: 44 T: 2 ( 4224) P:99 I:2000 C:  618382 Min: 6 Act: 8 Avg: 8 Max: 88 T: 3 ( 4225) P:99 I:2500 C:  494701 Min: 6 Act: 7 Avg: 8 Max: 49 T: 4 ( 4226) P:99 I:3000 C:  412247 Min: 6 Act: 7 Avg: 8 Max: 53 //////////////////////////////////////// Update for Yocto L5.4.47 2.2.0  /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// New release for Yocto release L5.4.47 2.2.0 and it supports i.MX8M series (8MQ,8MM,8MN and 8MP). You need to git clone https://gitee.com/zxd2021-imx/xenomai-arm64.git,  and git checkout xenomai-5.4.47-2.2.0. You need to add the following variable in conf/local.conf before build xenomai by command bitbake imx-image-multimedia.  XENOMAI_KERNEL_MODE = "cobalt"  PREFERRED_VERSION_linux-imx = "5-${XENOMAI_KERNEL_MODE}" IMAGE_INSTALL_append += " xenomai" or XENOMAI_KERNEL_MODE = "mercury" PREFERRED_VERSION_linux-imx = "5-${XENOMAI_KERNEL_MODE}" IMAGE_INSTALL_append += " xenomai" //////////////////////////////////////// Update for Yocto L5.4.70 2.3.0  /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// New release  for Yocto release L5.4.70 2.3.0 and it supports i.MX8M series (8MQ,8MM,8MN and 8MP) and i.MX8QM/QXP. You need to git clone https://gitee.com/zxd2021-imx/xenomai-arm64.git and git checkout xenomai-5.4.70-2.3.0. Updating: 1, Support i.MX8QM and i.MX8QXP 2, Fix altency's the issue which uses legacy API to get time   //////////////////////////////////////// update for Yocto L5.4.70 2.3.2  /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// New release for Yocto release L5.4.70 2.3.2. You need to git clone https://gitee.com/zxd2021-imx/xenomai-arm64.git, and git checkout xenomai-5.4.70-2.3.2. Updating: 1, Enable Xenomai RTDM driver in Linux Kernel 2, Currently CAN, UART, GPIO,  SPI and Ethernet (in debug for RTNet)  are added in Xenomai. 3, Add KERNEL_DEVICETREE += " freescale/imx8mp-rt-evk.dtb " in sources/meta-imx/meta-bsp/conf/machine/imx8mpevk.conf to enable relative device in Xenomai domain, for example rt-imx8mp-flexcan.   //////////////////////////////////////// Update for Yocto L5.4.70 2.3.4  /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// New release for Yocto release L5.4.70 2.3.4. You need to git clone  https://gitee.com/zxd2021-imx/xenomai-arm64.git and git checkout xenomai-5.4.70-2.3.4. Updating: 1, Enable RTNet FEC driver 2, Currently CAN, UART, GPIO,  SPI and Ethernet ( FEC Controller)  are added in Xenomai. 3, Add KERNEL_DEVICETREE += " freescale/imx8mp-rt-evk.dtb " in sources/meta-imx/meta-bsp/conf/machine/imx8mpevk.conf and KERNEL_DEVICETREE += " freescale/imx8mm-rt-ddr4-evk.dtb " in sources/meta-imx/meta-bsp/conf/machine/imx8mmddr4evk.conf to enable rt_fec device in Xenomai domain. Verifying the network connection by RTnet Ping Between i.MX8M Mini EVK and i.MX8M Plus EVK a, Setup test environment 1, Connect ENET1 of  i.MX8M Plus EVK (used as a master) and  ENET of i.MX8M Mini EVK (used as a slave) of  to a switch or hub 2, Modify /usr/xenomai/etc/rtnet.conf in i.MX8M Plus EVK board as the following: @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ MODULE_EXT=".ko" # RT-NIC driver -RT_DRIVER="rt_eepro100" +RT_DRIVER="rt_fec" RT_DRIVER_OPTIONS="" # PCI addresses of RT-NICs to claim (format: 0000:00:00.0) @@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ REBIND_RT_NICS="" # The TDMA_CONFIG file overrides these parameters for masters and backup # masters. Leave blank if you do not use IP addresses or if this station is # intended to retrieve its IP from the master based on its MAC address. -IPADDR="10.0.0.1" -NETMASK="" +IPADDR="192.168.100.101" +NETMASK="255.255.255.0" # Start realtime loopback device ("yes" or "no") RT_LOOPBACK="yes" @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ TDMA_MODE="master" # Master parameters # Simple setup: List of TDMA slaves -TDMA_SLAVES="10.0.0.2 10.0.0.3 10.0.0.4" +TDMA_SLAVES="192.168.100.102" # Simple setup: Cycle time in microsecond TDMA_CYCLE="5000" 3, Modify /usr/xenomai/etc/rtnet.conf in i.MX8M Mini EVK board as the following: @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ MODULE_EXT=".ko" # RT-NIC driver -RT_DRIVER="rt_eepro100" +RT_DRIVER="rt_fec" RT_DRIVER_OPTIONS="" # PCI addresses of RT-NICs to claim (format: 0000:00:00.0) @@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ REBIND_RT_NICS="" # The TDMA_CONFIG file overrides these parameters for masters and backup # masters. Leave blank if you do not use IP addresses or if this station is # intended to retrieve its IP from the master based on its MAC address. -IPADDR="10.0.0.1" -NETMASK="" +IPADDR="192.168.100.102" +NETMASK="255.255.255.0" # Start realtime loopback device ("yes" or "no") RT_LOOPBACK="yes" @@ -59,13 +59,13 @@ STAGE_2_CMDS="" # TDMA mode of the station ("master" or "slave") # Start backup masters in slave mode, it will then be switched to master # mode automatically during startup. -TDMA_MODE="master" +TDMA_MODE="slave" # Master parameters # Simple setup: List of TDMA slaves -TDMA_SLAVES="10.0.0.2 10.0.0.3 10.0.0.4" +TDMA_SLAVES="192.168.100.102" # Simple setup: Cycle time in microsecond TDMA_CYCLE="5000" 4, rename imx8mm-rt-ddr4-evk.dtb to imx8mm-ddr4-evk.dtb in /run/media/mmcblk1p1,  rename imx8mp-rt-evk.dtb to imx8mp-evk.dtb in /run/media/mmcblk1p1, and reboot board. 5, Run the below command on i.MX8M Mini EVK board. cd /usr/xenomai/sbin/ ./rtnet start & 5, Run the below command on i.MX8M Plus EVK board. cd /usr/xenomai/sbin/ ./rtnet start & When you see the log (rt_fec_main 30be0000.ethernet (unnamed net_device) (uninitialized): Link is Up - 100Mbps/Full - flow control rx/tx) and you can run command "./rtroute" to check route table if the slave IP (192.168.100.102) is in route.. b, Verify the network connection using the command below: ./rtping -s 1024 192.168.100.102 //////////////////////////////////////// Update for Yocto L5.10.52 2.1.0  /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// New release for Yocto release L5.10.52 2.1.0. You need to git clone https://gitee.com/zxd2021-imx/xenomai-arm64.git and git checkout xenomai-5.10.52-2.1.0. Updating: 1, Upgrade Xenomai to v3.2 2, Enable Dovetail instead of ipipe. Copy xenomai-arm64 to <Yocto folder>/sources/meta-imx/meta-bsp/recipes-kernel, and add the following variable in conf/local.conf before build Image with xenomai enable by command bitbake imx-image-multimedia. XENOMAI_KERNEL_MODE = "cobalt" IMAGE_INSTALL_append += " xenomai" or XENOMAI_KERNEL_MODE = "mercury" IMAGE_INSTALL_append += " xenomai" Notice: If XENOMAI_KERNEL_MODE = "cobalt", you can build dual kernel version. And If XENOMAI_KERNEL_MODE = "mercury", it is single kernel with PREEMPT-RT patch.  Latency testing of Xenomai3.2+Dovetail with isolating CPU 2,3 ( Xenomai 3.2 on 8MM DDR4 EVK with GPU test case (GLES2/S08_EnvironmentMappingRefraction_Wayland) + iperf3 + 2 ping 65000 size + stress-ng --cpu 2 --io 2 --vm 1 --vm-bytes 256M --metrics-brief )😞 The following is test result by the command (/usr/xenomai/demo/cyclictest -a 2,3 -p 50 -t 5 -m -n -i 1000) root@imx8mmddr4evk:~# /usr/xenomai/demo/cyclictest -a 2,3 -p 50 -t 5 -m -n -i 1000 # /dev/cpu_dma_latency set to 0us policy: fifo: loadavg: 5.96 6.04 6.03 7/155 1349 T: 0 ( 615) P:50 I:1000 C:63448632 Min: 0 Act: 0 Avg: 0 Max: 55 T: 1 ( 616) P:50 I:1500 C:42299087 Min: 0 Act: 0 Avg: 1 Max: 43 T: 2 ( 617) P:50 I:2000 C:31724315 Min: 0 Act: 0 Avg: 1 Max: 51 T: 3 ( 618) P:50 I:2500 C:25379452 Min: 0 Act: 0 Avg: 1 Max: 53 T: 4 ( 619) P:50 I:3000 C:21149543 Min: 0 Act: 0 Avg: 1 Max: 47 //////////////////////////////////////// Update for Yocto L5.10.72 2.2.2  /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// New release for Yocto release L5.10.72 2.2.2. You need to git clone https://gitee.com/zxd2021-imx/xenomai-arm64.git and git checkout xenomai-5.10.72-2.2.2. Updating: 1, Upgrade Xenomai to v3.2.1 Copy xenomai-arm64 to <Yocto folder>/sources/meta-imx/meta-bsp/recipes-kernel, and add the following variable in conf/local.conf before build Image with xenomai enable by command bitbake imx-image-multimedia. XENOMAI_KERNEL_MODE = "cobalt" IMAGE_INSTALL_append += " xenomai" or XENOMAI_KERNEL_MODE = "mercury" IMAGE_INSTALL_append += " xenomai" //////////////////////////////////////// Update for Yocto L5.15.71 2.2.0  /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// New release for Yocto release L5.15.71 2.2.0. You need to git clone https://gitee.com/zxd2021-imx/xenomai-arm64.git and git checkout xenomai-5.15.71-2.2.0. Updating: 1, Upgrade Xenomai to v3.2.2 Copy xenomai-arm64 to <Yocto folder>/sources/meta-imx/meta-bsp/recipes-kernel, and add the following variable in conf/local.conf before build Image with xenomai enable by command bitbake imx-image-multimedia. XENOMAI_KERNEL_MODE = "cobalt" IMAGE_INSTALL:append += " xenomai" or XENOMAI_KERNEL_MODE = "mercury" IMAGE_INSTALL:append += " xenomai"   //////////////////////////////////////// Update for Yocto L6.1.55 2.2.0  /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// New release for Yocto release L6.1.55 2.2.0. You need to git clone https://gitee.com/zxd2021-imx/xenomai-arm64.git recipes-rtlinux-xenomai -b Linux-6.1.x Updating: 1, Upgrade Xenomai to v3.2.4 and support i.MX93 2, Enable EVL (aka Xenomai 4) for i.MX93 and legacy i.MX(6/7D/8X/8M) Copy recipes-rtlinux-xenomai to <Yocto folder>/sources/meta-imx/meta-bsp/, and add the following variable in conf/local.conf before build Image with xenomai enable by command bitbake imx-image-multimedia. XENOMAI_KERNEL_MODE = "cobalt" IMAGE_INSTALL:append += " xenomai" or XENOMAI_KERNEL_MODE = "mercury" IMAGE_INSTALL:append += " xenomai" or XENOMAI_KERNEL_MODE = "evl" IMAGE_INSTALL:append += " libevl"  

本文已经发表于中国集成电路杂志2014年第七期 For English version, please check following link. Freescale i.MX6 DRAM Port Application Guide-DDR3

Use the EPDC Unit Test to exercise your EPD panel 1.  Introduction The i.MX 6Solo/6DualLite and i.MX 6SoloLite processors contain an Electrophoretic Display Controller (EPDC) designed to drive E-INK(TM) EPD panels supporting a wide variety of TFT backplanes. Detailed information about the EPDC is available in the i.MX 6Solo/6DualLite and i.MX 6SoloLite Reference Manuals. Information about programming the EPDC and integrating support for a particular panel into the Linux BSP is provided in the Linux BSP Reference Manual. Now that you have your panel hardware and software integrated, how can you tell if it is all working? Or perhaps you're using a standard panel that doesn't seem to be working - how can you test it at the lowest level? The answer is the EDPC Unit Test. 2. Running the EPDC Unit Test Most i.MX processor hardware modules have an associated unit test in the unit_tests directory of the root file system image. The basics of running the EPDC unit test are simple. After logging in as root on the debug console, change to the unit tests directory and execute the test as follows: $ cd /unit_tests $ ./mxc_epdc_fb_test.out Without any arguments, the unit test runs thirteen individual tests and takes about 8 minutes to complete. You will get a lot of output on the panel and it may not be obvious that the images are displaying correctly. Running the unit test with no arguments is a nice automated way to make sure your panel is at least displaying something, and is not causing a crash or hang. But to really verify correctness each test should be run individually and the output carefully reviewed. This can be accomplished by passing a test number option as follows: $ ./mxc_epdc_fb_test.out -n 1 To show a list of all the available options, as well as a list of the individual test numbers, use the "-h" argument. The helpful output is shown below. $ ./mxc_epdc_fb_test.out -h EPDC framebuffer driver test program. Usage: mxc_epdc_fb_test [-h] [-a] [-p delay] [-u s/q/m] [-n ]         -h        Print this message         -a        Enabled animation waveforms for fast updates (tests 8-9)         -p        Provide a power down delay (in ms) for the EPDC driver                   0 - Immediate (default)                   -1 - Never                    ms - After ms milliseconds         -u        Select an update scheme                   s - Snapshot update scheme                   q - Queue update scheme                   m - Queue and merge update scheme (default)         -n        Execute the tests specified in expression                   Expression is a set of comma-separated numeric ranges                   If not specified, tests 1-13 are run Example: ./mxc_epdc_fb_test.out -n 1-3,5,7 EPDC tests: 1 - Basic Updates 2 - Rotation Updates 3 - Grayscale Framebuffer Updates 4 - Auto-waveform Selection Updates 5 - Panning Updates 6 - Overlay Updates 7 - Auto-Updates 8 - Animation Mode Updates 9 - Fast Updates 10 - Partial to Full Update Transitions 11 - Test Pixel Shifting Effect 12 - Colormap Updates 13 - Collision Test Mode 14 - Stress Test In addition to "-n" to run individual tests, the "-a" and "-u" options are provided to set animation mode and waveform used, respectively. These options make sense only for some of the individual tests, as noted in the next section. The "-u s" (snapshot) mode purposely does not allow pending updates, so some of the tests will cause the driver to issue the following warning in snapshot mode: imx_epdc_fb: No free intermediate buffers available. The "-p" (power down delay) option allows you to specify how soon the device driver automatically powers down the controller after all pending updates have completed. The default is 0 (zero), meaning power down immediately. Use "-1" to disable power down (i.e. never power down). Sidebar: You can use another unit test, "dump-clocks.sh", to view the state of the EPDC clocks (i.e. the power state of the module). In the example below, a "1" in the third column indicates that the clock is running; a "0" indicates the clock is gated: $ ./dump-clocks.sh | grep epdc epdc_pix_clk             pll5_video_main_clk       1   26666667 epdc_axi_clk             pll2_pfd2_400M             1  198000000 3.  Individual Test Details Important! The notes below assume you are running the version of the unit test binary in the tar file attached to this How-to. Please extract the file mxc_epdc_fb_tests.out from the tar file into your rootfs unit_tests directory before running the test. Most tests begin with a screen blank operation (all white pixels). Each test works with all three update schemes (snapshot, queue, queue and merge) unless otherwise noted. 3.1 Test 1: Basic Updates Draws the following patterns: Crosshatch Squares Text Ginger image Colorbar 3.2 Test 2: Rotation Updates Draws text, squares, crosshatch, and square outlines in all rotation modes: No rotation Clockwise (90 degrees) Upside down (180 degrees) Counterclockwise (270 degrees) The square outlines are drawn first in RGB format and then in Y8 format. 3.3 Test 3: Grayscale Framebuffer Updates Draws a top half black screen and then a colorbar, rotated clockwise. First draws in normal Y8 format and then in inverted Y8 format. 3.4 Test 4: Auto-waveform Selection Updates Draws several small squares using auto-waveform selection. Note: unlike the i.MX508 EPDC driver, the i.MX 6 driver does not report the final waveform selection to user-level applications. This test also verifies that squares at non-8-bit aligned pixels can be drawn. 3.5 Test 5: Panning Updates Draws a colorbar to an off-screen region. Draws the Ginger image to the frame buffer. Sets the focus (pan) to the colorbar, then updates portions of the screen. You should see the colorbar poke through. Slowly pans from Ginger to the entire colorbar. Use pan to flip between black and white buttons. Flashes buttons using pixel inversion. Flashes buttons using panning. 3.6 Test 6: Overlay Updates Switches between the frame buffer (FB) and the alternate (overlay) frame buffer as follows: Draws Ginger to the FB. Draws the colorbar to the alternate frame buffer. Shows the FB (Ginger). Shows the alternate FB (colorbar). Shows FB again (Ginger). Shows half FB, half alternate FB. Shows cutout region of alternate FB. Shows cutout in upper corner. Shows black screen. Shows clockwise-rotated text overlay in center. 3.7 Test 7: Auto-Updates Important! The auto-update mechanism must be enabled in the kernel configuration for this test to work. Enable it using the LTIB Kernel configuration menu item "Device Drivers->Graphics support->E-Ink Auto-update Mode Support." Also, please check the Linux BSP Release Notes for any issues with this feature. 3.8 Test 8: Animation Mode Updates Shows how normal (gray level) and monochrome (black and white) updates compare in appearance and performance. Quickly flashes back and forth between black and white screens. Draws normal squares. Draws black and white squares. Draws Ginger in gray scale and monochrome. Draws colorbar in gray scale and monochrome. Draws normal Y8 colorbar and monochrome colorbar. Draws inverted normal Y8 colorbar and inverted monochrome colorbar. You can run this test in animation mode using the "-a" command line option. Animation mode only updates monochrome pixels, so you will notice a drawing speed improvement. Also, you will see the implementation of one of the "rules" of using this mode: The screen must be blanked (all white or all black) when switching in and out of animation mode. 3.9 Test 9: Fast Updates Animates a square across the screen and down one side. This test can also be run in animation mode using "-a". See the animation mode notes in the Test 8 description above. 3.10 Test 10: Partial to Full Update Transitions Draws small gray squares using separate updates in partial update mode (only pixels that change are updated). Then re-draws the entire screen in one update using full update mode. In full update mode, you will notice the entire screen transition from black to the final grey value. 3.11 Test 11: Test Pixel Shifting Effect Draws a short, two pixel line and then sends two updates one pixel apart in distance and 5 seconds apart in time. Nothing much to see here; just verifies that a one pixel update shift works. 3.12 Test 12: Colormap Updates Creates a colormap and uses it to draw full screen blanks and to draw a color bar. In this test, you should follow along with the text printed in the debug console and verify each state: Screen should be black. Screen should be white now. Screen should still be white. Should be inverted color bar (white to black, left to right). Colorbar again, with no CMAP (black to white, left to right). Posterized colorbar. In the above output, "CMAP" means colormap and "Posterized colorbar" is a colorbar drawn from only black and white components. 3.13 Test 13: Collision Test Mode Draws two overlapping rectangles. Tests for collision on the first rectangle, which should result in the message: Collision test result = 0 Then draws the same overlapping rectangles, this time testing for collision on the second rectangle. The result should be: Collision test result = 1 Note: This test cannot be run using the snapshot scheme. If you try to use "-u s" it will print a message and return. 3.14 Test 14: Stress Test Draws thousands of random rectangles on the screen in different rotations. Runs for about 8 minutes. This test must be explicitly specified on the command line; it does not run by default. For example: $ ./mxc_epdc_fb_test.out -n 14 Note: This test cannot be run using the snapshot scheme. If you try to use "-u s" it will print a message and return. 4. Customizing A great way to know what's really going on in each test is to look at the source code. You may want to customize the source as well - say to add a new test that exercises some cool feature of your panel. Fortunately, the source is included in the BSP distribution so you can extract, customize, and rebuild it as needed. The magic of LTIB is beyond the scope of this article, but here are some hints: # Extract the unit test source from the imx-test package: $ ./ltib -m prep -p imx-test # Source is now in rpm/BUILD/imx-test-12.08.00/test/mxc_fb_test/mxc_epdc_fb_test.c (your package version number my be different). # Build from source: $ ./ltib -m scbuild -p imx-test # Deploy all unit test binaries to ltib rootfs directory: $ ./ltib -m scdeploy -p imx-test # Alternatively you can copy just the epdc unit test binary as follows: $ sudo cp rpm/BUILD/imx-test-12.08.00/platform/IMX6S/mxc_epdc_fb_test.out rootfs/unit_tests/ As noted in the Individual Test Details section, you should replace the file mxc_epdc_fb_test.c referenced above with the one found in the tar file attached to this How-to. 5. Something is wrong! Of course there are many things that can go wrong that are beyond the scope of this article, but assuming your hardware is working and the panel options are correctly configured in the BSP (again, beyond our scope), here are some things to check: Is the kernel configured correctly for EPDC support? Check that the following item is enabled in the LTIB Kernel configuration menu: "Device Drivers->Graphics support->E-Ink Panel Framebuffer." Are the U-boot kernel command line arguments set correctly for EPDC? For example, "video=mxcepdcfb:E060SCM consoleblank=0". The "consoleblank=0" command is useful to prevent entering low power suspend mode while you are testing. Does the "Tux" image display correctly on your panel after system boot? If so, the EPDC driver was a least able to perform the initial framebuffer update to your panel. Note: for Tux to display at boot, you need to disable LCDIF support at "Device Drivers->Graphics support->Support MXC ELCDIF framebuffer." Are there any EPDC-related error messages in the kernel log after boot? You can check with "dmesg | grep epdc".

Video decoding gst-launch filesrc location=sample.mp4 ! qtdemux ! ffdec_h264 ! mfw_v4lsink Notes: On LTIB BSP 3.0.35_4.0.0, prep the package and apply the attached patch on top, then build. On Yocto, the easy way to add the gst-ffmpeg package is by adding these two lines on the conf/local.conf file: IMAGE_INSTALL_append = " gst-ffmpeg" LICENSE_FLAGS_WHITELIST = 'commercial'

It's the demo for hibernation for Android. Restore Android and UI can operate about 6 sec.

Although you can develop your own driver to control GPIOs inside kernel space, there is a much simpler way for accessing GPIOs from user space. When timing requirements are not an issue, you are able to use GPIO-SYSFS. SYSFS is a virtual file system that exports some kernel internal framework functionalities to user space and GPIO is one of the frameworks that can have functionalities exported through SYSFS. The GPIO-SYSFS feature is available in all mainline kernels from 2.6.27 onwards. Configuring Kernel to export GPIO through SYSFS To enable GPIO in SYSFS, select the following kernel option: Device Drivers --->       --- GPIO Support             [*] /sys/class/gpio/... (sysfs interface) If you are using i.MX233 or i.MX28, after recompiling the kernel, do not forget to generate boot streams again, because this is not automatic even in ltib. Be sure that the pins you will try to use are really accessible as GPIO pins and were not requested by the kernel (gpio_request). If pin was gpio_request'ed, you will need to gpio_export the same pin inside the kernel in order to have it accessible through SYSFS. If pin is not set as GPIO by default, you will need to set IO MUX in the proper file inside <kernel>/arch/arm/mach-XXX. Accessing GPIO in user space After enabling GPIO-SYSFS feature, you can boot your device with the new kernel to make some tests. First you need to export the GPIO you want to test to the user space: echo XX > /sys/class/gpio/export XX shall be determined by the following algorithm: GPIOA_[B] is the GPIO you want to export, where "A" is the GPIO bank and "B" is the offset of the pin in the bank. if the first available GPIO bank is 0 // (iMX.28, for example)     XX = A*32 + B; else // first GPIO bank is 1     XX = (A-1)*32 + B; After exporting a GPIO pin, you shall be able to see the GPIO interface exported to: /sys/class/gpio/gpioXX Through this interface, you are now able to do things like: # Reading the pin value cat /sys/class/gpio/gpioXX/value # Changing pin direction echo in > /sys/class/gpio/gpioXX/direction echo out > /sys/class/gpio/gpioXX/direction # Toggling GPIO output level echo 0 > /sys/class/gpio/gpioXX/value echo 1 > /sys/class/gpio/gpioXX/value It is important to note that through the GPIO virtual filesystem it is only possible to deal with one GPIO pin at a time (per command).

1. Description     1) Support HDMI interlaced display mode, the followed format had been verified.         CEA format 5: 1920x1080i @60Hz         CEA format 6&7: 720(1440)x480i @60Hz         CEA format 20: 1920x1080i @50Hz         CEA format 21&22: 720(1440)x576i @50Hz     2) Support LCD interface for interlaced display mode, 1920x1080i @50Hz(CEA format 20)        had been verified. 2. File List -- 0001-IPUv3-support-interlaced-display-mode.patch    Patch to support interlaced display output for iMX6 ipuv3. -- 0002-iMX6-HDMI-support-interlaced-display-mode.patch    Patch to support interlaced display mode for iMX6 HDMI driver. -- 0003-iMX6-LCD-interface-supports-1920x1080i50-mode.patch    Patch to support interlaced display mode for iMX6 LCD interface driver.    -- readme.txt    this file, please refer to it before use the patches 3. Requirement - iMX6 SabreSD board. - L3.0.35_4.1.0_GA_iMX6DQ kernel. 4. How to use -- Copy the patch files to kernel folder.     $ cd ~/ltib/rpm/BUILD/linux-3.0.35/     $ git apply ./0001-IPUv3-support-interlaced-display-mode.patch     $ git apply ./0002-iMX6-HDMI-support-interlaced-display-mode.patch     $ git apply ./0003-iMX6-LCD-interface-supports-1920x1080i50-mode.patch -- Build the new kernel image:     $ cd ~/ltib/rpm/BUILD/linux-3.0.35     $ export CROSS_COMPILE=/opt/freescale/usr/local/gcc-4.6.2-glibc-2.13-linaro-multilib-2011.12/fsl-linaro-toolchain/bin/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi-     $ export ARCH=arm     $ make imx6_defconfig     $ make uImage -- Uboot parameters for video mode    Output 1080i50 display mode on HDMI:       "video=mxcfb0:dev=hdmi,1920x1080Mi@25,if=RGB24,bpp=32"    Output 1080i60 display mode on HDMI:       "video=mxcfb0:dev=hdmi,1920x1080Mi@30,if=RGB24,bpp=32"    Output 576i50 display mode on HDMI:       "video=mxcfb0:dev=hdmi,1440x576Mi@25,if=RGB24,bpp=32"    Output 480i60 display mode on HDMI:       "video=mxcfb0:dev=hdmi,1440x480Mi@30,if=RGB24,bpp=32"    Output 1080i50 display mode on LCD interface:       "video=mxcfb0:dev=lcd,LCD-1080I50,if=RGB565,bpp=32"       -- Switch HDMI interlaced mode    $ echo S:1920x1080i-50 > /sys/class/graphics/fb0/mode    $ echo S:1920x1080i-60 > /sys/class/graphics/fb0/mode    $ echo S:1440x480i-50 > /sys/class/graphics/fb0/mode    $ echo S:1440x576i-60 > /sys/class/graphics/fb0/mode 5. Know issue     1) When the interlaced display and another display work on same IPU,        blank and unblank the interlaced display will get the followed IPU        warning, but the display still works due to IPU can revover from the error.     imx-ipuv3 imx-ipuv3.0: IPU Warning - IPU_INT_STAT_5 = 0x00800000     imx-ipuv3 imx-ipuv3.0: IPU Warning - IPU_INT_STAT_10 = 0x00080000 2015-05-13 update: Replace the fourth patch to make interlace display mode follow CEA-861-specification The patch "0004-IPU-fine-tuning-the-interlace-display-timing-for-CEA.patch" was fine tuned for CEA-861-D specification on interlaced mode display. Please use this patch to replace the old 0004 patch. 2016-05-20 Update: For 3.0.35 BSP, add patch 0005-IPU-update-interlaced-video-mode-parameters-to-align.patch      Align the interlaced video mode parameters to progressive mode. 0006-IPU-update-IDMAC-setting-for-interlaced-display-mode.patch      Udate the IDMAC setting for interlaced display mode, output odd field data from memory first, it aligns with IPU DI timing, odd field first. For 3.14.52 BSP, created the new patch L3.14.52_1.1.0_GA_HDMI_Interlaced_Mode_Patch_2016_05_20.zip.

INTRODUCTION REQUIREMENTS KERNEL DRIVER DEVICE NODE NFC LIBRARY TESTING NFC READER REFERENCES 1. INTRODUCTION This document is a step by step guide of the AN11697 PN7120 Linux Software Stack Integration Guidelines application note that can be downloaded from http://www.nxp.com/documents/application_note/AN11697.pdf . It explains how to add the PN7120 driver and NFC libraries to a Linux OS running in the i.MX6Q. 2. REQUIREMENTS The board used in this document is the Udoo Board thanks to the easy pin access. More information about this board can be found at Ultimate Single Board Mini PC for Android and Linux - UDOO A modified FSL L3.14.28 BSP. The modifications can be found in these 2 documents Basic Device Tree for the Udoo Board and  U-Boot Migration Example . If you have followed the previous documents, you already have a working yocto image and toolchain (meta-toolchain), if not you must follow this awesome training first Yocto Training - HOME . The OM5577/PN7120S demonstration kit. You can find more details of this board at http://www.nxp.com/documents/user_manual/UM10878.pdf 3. KERNEL DRIVER According to the AN11697.pdf we must follow the below steps: From the Linux source directory: $ cd drivers/misc $ git clone https://github.com/NXPNFCLinux/nxp-pn5xx.git Add the below line in the Makefile of the current directory obj-y += nxp-pn5xx/ Include the driver config in the drivers/misc/Kconfig file source "drivers/misc/nxp-pn5xx/Kconfig" Export the environment variables $ source source /opt/poky/1.7/environment-setup-cortexa9hf-vfp-neon-poky-linux-gnueabi $ export ARCH=arm $ export CROSS_COMPILE=$TARGET_PREFIX $ make imx_v7_defconfig Using menuconfig include the driver as module (<M>).  Compile the modules and install the .ko files into the target rootfs. $ make  modules You can send the .ko files with scp $ make  INSTALL_MOD_PATH=~/Desktop/modules modules_install $ cd ~/Desktop/modules $ sudo scp -r lib/modules/3.14.28+g91cf351/kernel root@<board_ip>:/lib/modules/3.14.28+g91cf351/ 4. DEVICE NODE The PN7120 interfaces with an MCU or MPU via I2C interface, therefore the device must be described into a i2c node. The signals used in the PN7120 are shown below: As you can see besides power, ground and I2C lines, an IRQ and Reset pins are needed. These pins must be configured as GPIO and one must generate an interrupt to the iMX6Q. The chosen connection is shown below: To achieve the above configuration, the device tree must be changed. The changes consist on adding a device node in the corresponding I2C bus, describing the PN7120. &i2c1 {         clock-frequency = <100000>;         pinctrl-names = "default";         pinctrl-0 = <&pinctrl_i2c1>;         status = "okay";         pn547: pn547@28 {                 compatible = "nxp,pn547";                 reg = <0x28>;                 clock-frequency = <400000>;                 interrupt-parent = <&gpio6>;                 interrupt-gpios = <&gpio6 2 0>;                 enable-gpios = <&gpio5 22 0>;         }; }; The pinctrl_i2c1 phandle contains the I2C pins configuration. Make sure that the PADs connected to the PN7120 are not used in other device node. &iomuxc {         imx6q-udoo {                       ...                 pinctrl_i2c1: i2c1grp {                         fsl,pins = <                         MX6QDL_PAD_GPIO_5__I2C3_SCL             0x4001b8b1                         MX6QDL_PAD_GPIO_6__I2C3_SDA             0x4001b8b1                         >;                 };         }; }; After this you can generate the dtb file and send it with scp make dtbs sudo scp arch/arm/boot/dts/imx6q-udoo.dtb root@<board_ip>:/run/media/mmcblk0p1/imx6q-udoo.dtb NOTE: Attached you can find the complete dts and dtsi files used in this document. 5. NFC LIBRARY     To work with the PN7120 in Linux the libnfc-nci stack is needed. You can find more details in http://www.nxp.com/documents/application_note/AN11697.pdf​ . This sections explains how to cross-compile the libray and install the required files in the target (The below steps must be performed in the host). Get the library $  git clone https://github.com/NXPNFCLinux/linux_libnfc-nci.git Generate the configuration script $ ./bootstrap Mount the target rootfs to /mnt in the host. $ sudo mount /dev/sdX2 /mnt Generate the Makefile $ ./configure --host=arm-none-linux --prefix=/opt/poky/1.7/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux/usr --sysconfdir=/mnt/etc Build and install the source code $ make $ make install After a succesful bulding the libraries and a application demo are built in .libs directory. Copy the libaries to /usr/lib directory of the target and nfcDemoApp to /usr/sbin $ cd linux_libnfc-nci/.libs $ sudo cp * /mnt/usr/lib/ 6. TESTING NFC READER     To test the application you have to follow the below steps on the target: Install the .ko file $ insmod /lib/modules/3.14.28+g91cf351/kernel/drivers/misc/nxp-pn5xx/pn5xx_i2c.ko Run the nfcDemoApp $  nfcDemoApp poll You should get a console output like the shown below when placing a NFC tag next to the NFC reader. 7. REFERENCES     Integrating NFC Controller library with KSDK http://www.nxp.com/documents/application_note/AN11697.pdf http://www.nxp.com/documents/user_manual/UM10878.pdf

This is the prototype solution to enable second display showing different things on JB4.2.2 SabreSD. Make use of Class Presentation provided by android to be embedded into Status bar. When unlock the screen, the Presentation will show on second display. Now, the solution requires one .mp4 video placed in root sdcard. Of course, you may change it to show anything. The attached Files are a layout xml file, a patch and a recorded video. The layout file should be put into android/frameworks/base/packages/SystemUI/res/layout/ folder. The patch should be applied to frameworks/base.git. The recorded video shows the dual display demo as a reference.

The attached patch enables HDMI overscan for Android JB, and tested by MX6Q SabreSD with Android_4.2.2_1.0.0-ga. The bootargs includes "video=mxcfb0:dev=ldb,bpp=32 video=mxcfb1:dev=hdmi,1920x1080M@60,if=RGB24,bpp=32 video=mxcfb2:off".

In some cases, i.MX board connect to different module. It has very tiny changes, such as just one gpio different driver strength. We can build an entire new software to handle this requirement. Here we introduce another way, using u-boot to modify the device tree(dtb) at runtime.   Here is u-boot fdt command for  How to use gpio-hog demo https://community.nxp.com/t5/i-MX-Processors-Knowledge-Base/How-to-use-gpio-hog-demo/ta-p/1317709   run loadfdt fdt addr ${fdt_addr_r} fdt print /soc/bus/pinctrl/uart3grp fdt rm /soc/bus/pinctrl/uart3grp fdt print serial2 fdt set serial2 status disabled fdt print serial2 fdt print gpio4 fdt resize fdt mknode gpio4 gpio_hog_demo fdt set gpio4/gpio_hog_demo gpio-hog fdt set gpio4/gpio_hog_demo gpios <7 0> fdt set gpio4/gpio_hog_demo output-high fdt print gpio4 run mmcargs run loadimage booti ${loadaddr} - ${fdt_addr_r} root@imx8mmevk:~# cat /sys/kernel/debug/gpio gpiochip0: GPIOs 0-31, parent: platform/30200000.gpio, 30200000.gpio: gpio-5 ( |PCIe DIS ) out hi gpio-13 ( |ir-receiver ) in hi IRQ ACTIVE LOW gpio-15 ( |cd ) in hi IRQ ACTIVE LOW gpiochip1: GPIOs 32-63, parent: platform/30210000.gpio, 30210000.gpio: gpio-38 ( |? ) out hi gpio-42 ( |reset ) out lo ACTIVE LOW gpio-51 ( |regulator-usdhc2 ) out lo gpiochip2: GPIOs 64-95, parent: platform/30220000.gpio, 30220000.gpio: gpio-80 ( |status ) out hi gpiochip3: GPIOs 96-127, parent: platform/30230000.gpio, 30230000.gpio: gpio-117 ( |PCIe reset ) out hi gpiochip4: GPIOs 128-159, parent: platform/30240000.gpio, 30240000.gpio: gpio-135 ( |gpio_hog_demo ) out hi gpio-141 ( |spi1 CS0 ) out hi ACTIVE LOW gpio-149 ( |wlf,mute ) out hi ACTIVE LOW root@imx8mmevk:~# [ 33.758914] VSD_3V3: disabling dtc_utils-v1.6.1-win-x86_64.zip by msys2   

This document describes all the i.MX 8 MIPI-CSI use cases, showing the available cameras and daughter cards supported by the boards, the compatible Device Trees (DTS) files, and how to enable these different camera options on the i.MX 8 boards. Plus, this document describes some Advanced camera use cases too, such as multiples cameras output using imxcompositor_g2d plugin, GStreamer zero-copy pipelines and V4L2 API extra-controls examples.

This document explains how to bring-up u-boot & Linux via JTAG This procedure has been tested on: i.MX6 Solo X Sabre SD i.MX6UL EVK Prerequistes: Get the latest BSP for your board. This procedure was tested with L4.1.15. Build the 'core-image-minimal' image to bring-up your board (Detailed steps here) Optional- Build a meta-toolchain for your device 1.- Set board to boot from Serial dowloader mode or set it to boot from the SD card and remove the sd card We basically want the board to stall in boot ROM to attach to the target. 2.- Connect JTAG probe and turn on the board The device should stall trying to establish a connection to download an image, this will allow us to attach to the target. 3.- Load Device Configuration Data In 'normal' boot sequence the boot ROM takes care of reading the DCD and configuring the device accordingly, but in this case we are skipping this sequence and we need to configure the device manually. The script used by Lauterbach to parse and configure the device is called dcd_interpreter.cmm and can be found here. Search for the package for your specific device. The DCD configuration for your board should be on your u-boot directory: yocto_build_dir/tmp/work/<your board>imx6ulevk/u-boot-imx/<u-boot_version>2016.03-r0/git under board/freescale/<name of your board>mx6ul_14x14_evk/imximage.cfg This file (imximage.cfg) contains all the data to bring up DRAM among other early configuration options. 4.- Load U-boot If an SREC file of U-boot is not present build it (meta-toolchain installed required) the SREC file contains all the information required by the probe to load it and makes this process easier. To build the SREC simply type: make <your board defconfig>mx6ul_14x14_evk_defconfig  (all supported boards are found under u-boot_dir/configs) make If you cannot build an SREC or do not want to, you can use the u-boot.imx (located under yocto_build_dir/tmp/deploy/images/<your board name>/) or u-boot.bin files but you will need to figure out the start address and load address for these files, this can be done by examining the IVT on u-boot.imx (here is a useful document explaining the structure of the IVT). Let U-boot run and you should see its output on the console I will try to boot from several sources but it will fail and show you the prompt. 5.- Create RAMDisk After building the core-image-minimal you will have all the required files under yocto_build_dir/tmp/deploy/images/<your board name>/ You will need: zImage.bin - zImage--<Linux Version>--<your board>.bin Device tree blob - zImage--<Linux Version>--<your board>.dtb Root file system - core-image-minimal-<your board>.rootfs.ext4 We need to create a RAMDisk out of the root file system we now have, these are the steps to do so: Compress current Root file system using gzip: gzip core-image-minimal-<your board>.rootfs.ext4 If you want to keep the original file use: gzip -c core-image-minimal-<your board>.rootfs.ext4 > core-image-minimal-<your board>.rootfs.ext4.gz Create RAMDisk using mkimage: mkimage -A arm -O linux -T ramdisk -C gzip -n core-image-minimal -d core-image-minimal-<your board>.rootfs.ext4.gz core-image-minimal-RAMDISK.rootfs.ext4.gz.u-boot Output: Image Name: core-image-minimal Created: Tue May 23 11:28:55 2017 Image Type: ARM Linux RAMDisk Image (gzip compressed) Data Size: 3017939 Bytes = 2947.21 kB = 2.88 MB Load Address: 00000000 Entry Point: 00000000 Here are some details on mkimage usage Usage: mkimage -l image -l ==> list image header information mkimage [-x] -A arch -O os -T type -C comp -a addr -e ep -n name -d data_file[:data_file...] image -A ==> set architecture to 'arch' -O ==> set operating system to 'os' -T ==> set image type to 'type' -C ==> set compression type 'comp' -a ==> set load address to 'addr' (hex) -e ==> set entry point to 'ep' (hex) -n ==> set image name to 'name' -d ==> use image data from 'datafile' -x ==> set XIP (execute in place) mkimage [-D dtc_options] [-f fit-image.its|-F] fit-image -D => set options for device tree compiler -f => input filename for FIT source Signing / verified boot not supported (CONFIG_FIT_SIGNATURE undefined) mkimage -V ==> print version information and exit 6.- Modify U-boot's environment variables Now we need to modify U-boot's bootargs as follows: setenv bootargs console=${console},${baudrate} root=/dev/ram rw We need to find out the addresses where u-boot will expect the zImage, the device tree and the initial RAMDisk, we can do it as follows: => printenv fdt_addr fdt_addr=0x83000000 => printenv initrd_addr initrd_addr=0x83800000 => printenv loadaddr loadaddr=0x80800000 Where: fdt_addr -> Device tree blob load address initrd_addr -> RAMDisk load address loadaddr -> zImage load address 7.- Load zImage, DTB and RAMDisk Now we know where to load our zImage, device tree blob and RAMDisk, on Lauterbach this can be achieved by running the following commands: Stop the target and execute: data.load.binary zImage.bin 0x80800000 data.load.binary Your_device.dtb 0x83000000 data.load.binary core-image-minimal-RAMDISK.rootfs.ext4.gz.u-boot 0x83800000 Let the device run again and deattach from the device in lauterbach this is achieved by: go SYStem.mode.NoDebug start the boot process on u-boot as follows: bootz ${loadaddr} ${initrd_addr} ${fdt_addr} You should now see the Linux kernel boot process on your terminal: After the kernel boots you should see its prompt on your terminal: Since we are running out of RAM there is no way for us to save u-boot's environment variables, but you can modify the source and compile u-boot with the new bootargs, by doing so you can create a Load script that loads all the binaries hits go and the boot process will continue automatically. One way to achieve this is to modify the configuration file under U-boot_dir/include/configs/<your board>.h find the mfgtool_args and modify accordingly. The images attached to this thread have been modified as mentioned.

NXP i.MX 8 series of application processors support running ArmV8a 64-bit and ArmV7a 32-bit user space programs.  A Hello World program that prints the size of a long int is cross-compiled as 32-bit and as 64-bit from an Ubuntu host and then each is copied to MCIMX8MQ-EVK and run. Resources: Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Host i.MX 8M Evaluation Kit|NXP  MCIMX8MQ-EVK Linux Binary Demo Files - i.MX 8MQuad EVK L4.9.88_2.0.0_GA release Source Code: Create a file with contents below using your favorite editor, example name hello-sizeInt.c. #include <stdio.h> int main (int argc, char **argv) { printf ("Hello World, size of long int: %zd\n", sizeof (long int)); return 0; }‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ Ubuntu host packages: $ sudo apt-get install -y gcc-arm-linux-gnueabihf $ sudo apt-get install -y gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu‍‍‍‍ Line 1 installs the ArmV7a cross-compile tools: arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc is used to cross compile on Ubuntu host Line 2 install the ArmV8a cross-compile tools: aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc is used to cross compile on Ubuntu host Create Linux User Space Applications Build each application and use the static option to gcc to include run time libraries. Build ArmV7a 32-bit application: $ arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -static hello-sizeInt.c -o hello-armv7a‍-static‍‍ Build ArmV8a 64-bit application: $ aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc -static  hello-sizeInt.c -o hello-armv8a‍-static‍‍ Copy Hello applications from Ubuntu host and run on MCIMX8MQ-EVK Using a SDCARD written with images from L4.9.88_2.0.0 Linux release (see resources for image link), power on EVK with Ethernet connected to network and Serial Console port which was connected to a windows 10 PC. Launched a terminal client (TeraTerm) to access console port. Login credentials: root and no password needed. Since Ethernet was connected a DHCP IP address was acquired, 192.168.1.241 on the EVK.  On the Ubuntu host, secure copy the hello applications to EVK: $ scp hello-armv7a-static root@192.168.1.241:~/ hello-armv7a-static                           100%  389KB   4.0MB/s   00:00    $ scp hello-armv8a-static root@192.168.1.241:~/ hello-armv8a-static                           100%  605KB   4.7MB/s   00:00 ‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ Run: root@imx8mqevk:~# ./hello-armv8a-static Hello World, sizeof long int: 8 root@imx8mqevk:~# ./hello-armv7a-static Hello World, sizeof long int: 4‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍