When working with an evaluation kit you will be provided with a System Controller Firmware (SCFW) binary included in your BSP. This scfw binary has been tailored for that specific board and you might need to modify some board dependencies to fit your specific hardware. This document aims to provide an overview on the SCFW porting process, for detailed information please refer to the System Controller Porting guide (sc_fw_port.pdf).   Setting up the system The SCFW is built on a Linux host. The steps to set-up your system are the following: Download the GNU ARM Embedded Toolchain: 6-2017-q2-update June 28, 2017 from the ARM website: Select a directory to untar the file unto, for instance: mkdir ~/gcc_toolchain cp ~/Downloads/gcc-arm-none-eabi-6-2017-q2-update-linux.tar.bz2 ~/gcc_toolchain/ cd ~/gcc_toolchain/ tar xvjf gcc-arm-none-eabi-6-2017-q2-update-linux.tar.bz2‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍   Set TOOLS environment variable to the directory containing the tool chain, "~/gcc_toolchain" on the example above, .bash_profile can also be modified to export this environment variable: export TOOLS=~/gcc_toolchain/ srec_cat is also necessary for the build, this is usually contained in the srecord package, on ubuntu you can do: sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install srecord Now you can change to the porting kit directory (e.g. scfw_export_mx8qm) and build the scfw. System Controller Firmware Porting kit  The SCFW porting kit contains source files and object files that will allow you to modify the SCFW to work with your board. You can get the latest System Controller Firmware Porting kit from the i.MX Software and development webpage: Once you obtain the porting kit untar it: tar xvzf imx-scfw-porting-kit-1.1.tar.gz‍ You will see the following file structure: The porting kit is contained under packages, the README contains the instructions to extract the porting kit, basically: cd packages/ chmod a+x imx-scfw-porting-kit-1.1.bin ./imx-scfw-porting-kit-1.1.bin‍‍‍ You will be prompted to accept an End User License Agreement: Once you accept the agreement the porting kit will be extracted in a new folder, the folder structure is as follows: All documentation regarding SCFW is under doc/pdf or in html format if preferred, it is recommended to go over sc_fw_port.pdf. The porting kits for different SoC variants (QM A0, QM B0 and QXP B0) are under src packaged as tar.gz, all other files are SCFW libraries for different software packages, such as Linux, QNX, FreeRTOS, U-boot, ARM Trusted Firmware, etc...   If you will be working with several SoC variants (working with both QXP and QM) it is recommended to extract all porting kits into a single directory, that way you will be able to build for any variant from this directory, the command to do this is: cd imx-scfw-porting-kit-1.1/ cd src/ find scfw_export_mx8*.gz -exec tar --strip-components 1 --one-top-level=scfw_export_mx8 -xzvf {} \;‍‍‍ A scfw_export_mx8 folder will be created, from here you will be able to build SCFW for any supported variant. Or you can just extract the package for the variant you are interested on and use that. cd scfw_export_mx8/‍ All the build folders contain the results of building the SCFW and platform is where the source of the SCFW is stored.   All the code that is specific to a board configuration is under "platform/board/mx8<derivative>_<board_name>" where derivative is the i.MX8 silicon family such as QXP or QM, and board name is the name of the board the SCFW package is for. The first step in porting the SCFW to your board is to create a folder for your i.MX8 derivative and board, you can take one of the available board examples and rename the folder, that will provide you a project to get started with, for instance: cp -r platform/board/mx8qm_val/ platform/board/mx8qm_myBoard/‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ The board in this example will be called "myBoard" and it is for an i.MX8QM B0 device. To build a SCFW for this board simply call: make qm R=B0 B=myBoard‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ If the target is an i.MX8QXP simply take a board based on this device and change the call to "make qx". Additional information such as build options and in detailed boot information can be found in the SCFW porting guide (sc_fw_port.pdf), chapter 2 of this document is a great introduction to the porting process.   Overview and useful information Configuring the PMIC overview and board.c common modifications The main file that needs to be altered (if not the only) is the "board.c" file, it is located at "platform/board/mx8X_board/". The board.c file contains most of the board related information such as SCU UART ports, PMIC initialization routines, PMIC temperature alarms settings and you can also modify it to configure LDOs voltages and communicate with the PMIC in general. All functions in the board.c file are executed by the SCU itself and this gives you access to the I2C interface that is used to communicate with the PMIC. SoC resources that are powered by an external supply (PMIC LDO for instace) such as AP cores and GPUs are powered off/on by board_set_power_mode, the mapping of the resource to an specific PMIC supply happens in board_get_pmic_info, for instance in our i.MX8QM validation board using the A53 subsystem is powered by SW2 of the third PMIC (PMIC_2_ADDR addresses start at PMIC_0) on the PF100 PMIC card and by SW5 of the first PMIC (PMIC_0_ADDR) on the PF8100 PMIC card. case SC_SUBSYS_A53: pmic_init(); if (pmic_card == PF100) { pmic_id[0] = PMIC_2_ADDR; pmic_reg[0] = SW2; *num_regs = 1; } else {/* PF8100_dual Card */ pmic_id[0] = PMIC_0_ADDR; pmic_reg[0] = PF8100_SW5; *num_regs = 1; } break; ‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ The voltages of SoC resources that are powered by an external supply (AP cores, GPUs, etc...) are managed by board_set_voltage in the board.c file. The mapping of resource to power supply occurs in board_get_pmic_info as in the example above. Eight "board resources" (SC_R_BOARD_R0, ... SC_R_BOARD_R7) are available, these resources allow you to define components in your board that the SCU can manage, for instance a sensor on your board powered by one of the PMIC LDOs can be mapped to a board resource and the board.c file can be modified to power on/off the sensor as well as modifying its voltage. Modifying the voltage on a board resource can be either be done by modifying the voltage at board_trans_resource_power (see below) or if the voltage needs to change at run time the function board_set_control can be modified to change the voltage whenever a miscellaneous call (more details in the Miscellaneous Service 101) is made on that resource. For instance to change the voltage on SC_R_BOARD_R7 you would have the following case to board_set_control: case SC_R_BOARD_R7: if (ctrl == SC_C_VOLTAGE) { /* Example only PMIC_X_ADDR and PMIC_SUPPLY need to match an actual device */ pmic_interface.pmic_set_voltage(PMIC_X_ADDR, PMIC_SUPPLY, val, step); } else return SC_ERR_PARM; break;‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ The case above will be executed by the SCU every time the application calls the function below: sc_misc_set_control( ipc, SC_R_BOARD_R7, SC_C_VOLTAGE, voltage_val);‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ Powering on/off a board resource happens at board_trans_resource_power in the board.c file. For instance in NXP's validation board the PTN5150 on the board is managed through a board resource 0, and the power on/off is managed as follows: case BRD_R_BOARD_R0 : /* PTN5150 (use SC_R_BOARD_R0) */ if (pmic_ver.device_id == PF100_DEV_ID) { if (to_mode > SC_PM_PW_MODE_OFF) { pmic_interface.pmic_set_voltage(PMIC_2_ADDR, VGEN6, 3300, SW_RUN_MODE); pmic_interface.pmic_set_mode(PMIC_2_ADDR, VGEN6, VGEN_MODE_ON); } else { pmic_interface.pmic_set_mode(PMIC_2_ADDR, VGEN6, VGEN_MODE_OFF); } } else {/* PF8100_dual Card */ if (to_mode > SC_PM_PW_MODE_OFF) { pmic_interface.pmic_set_voltage(PMIC_1_ADDR, PF8100_LDO1, 3300, REG_RUN_MODE); pmic_interface.pmic_set_mode(PMIC_1_ADDR, PF8100_LDO1, RUN_EN_STBY_EN); } else { pmic_interface.pmic_set_mode(PMIC_1_ADDR, PF8100_LDO1, RUN_OFF_STBY_OFF); } } break;‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ Whenever the function below is called from the application side the SCU will execute the code above: sc_pm_set_resource_power_mode(ipc, SC_R_BOARD_R0, SC_PM_PW_MODE_ON/OFF);‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ board_config_sc is used to mark resources that the SCU needs, such as the I2C module and pads used to communicate with the PMIC, any resource needed by the board.c functions to work should be marked in this function as not movable, for instance to keep the SCU I2C module the following line is added: rm_set_resource_movable(pt_sc, SC_R_SC_I2C, SC_R_SC_I2C, false);‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ The following pads are part of the SCU and the application will not be able to access them: - SC_P_SCU_PMIC_MEMC_ON - SC_P_SCU_WDOG_OUT - SC_P_PMIC_EARLY_WARNING - SC_P_PMIC_INT_B - SC_P_SCU_BOOT_MODE0 through SC_P_SCU_BOOT_MODE5 board_system_config is where early resource management occurs, this function is only called when the alt_config flag is set in the image, and it can create partitions and allocate resources to it. More details are found in the resource management service 101. board_get_pcie_clk_src defines the clock that the PCIe uses, it can be either BOARD_PCIE_PLL_EXTERNAL or BOARD_PCIE_PLL_INTERNAL. board_print is very useful to debug your changes the syntax is as follows: board_print(3, "Debug printout %d\n", val);‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ Where the first parameter is the Debug Level and from there on it works as a standard printf. The output will only be visible on the SCU debug output whenever the SCU is built with the corresponding debug level, in the case above the SCFW needs to be built as follows in order to see the output: make qm B=myBoard‍‍‍‍ DL=3 or higher (debug level goes from 0 to 5)‍‍‍‍‍‍‍   Usage examples The following utility shows how to make System Controller Firmware requests and provides a way to make such requests through command line interface on both QNX and Linux System Controller Firmware Command Line Utility for Linux and QNX   System Controller Firmware 101  

This documents describes the neceesary steps to set up Qt Creator with the Qt5 toolchain that is available as part of the 3.14.28 BSP Release. Requirements 1) Linux machine. Ubuntu 12.4 or higher is recommended. 2) Yocto Freescale BSP Release L3.14.28 or higher. For this example we'll use the Freescale BSP Release L3.14.28 but you may use future BSP releases that include the Qt toolchain. - Freescale BSP Release Documentation L3.14.28 (login required) https://www.freescale.com/webapp/Download?colCode=L3.14.28_1.0.0_LINUX_DOCS&location=null&fpsp=1&WT_TYPE=Supporting%20Information&WT_VENDOR=FREESCALE&WT_FILE_FORMAT=gz&WT_ASSET=Documentation&fileExt=.gz&Parent_nodeId=1337637154535695831062&Parent_pageType=product&Parent_nodeId=1337637154535695831062&Parent_pageType=product 3) Qt5 Meta Toolchain (Poky 1.7 qt5 / L3.14.28 for our example but you may use the qt toolchain that corresponds to the BSP that will be used) For information on how to extract and install the meta toolchain please follow the steps on the next document but with the following command: $ bitbake meta-toolchain-qt5 https://community.freescale.com/docs/DOC-95122 Task #7 - Create the toolchain Then run the script. fsl-release-bsp/<BUILD_DIR>/tmp/deploy/sdk/poky-glibc-x86_64-meta-toolchain-qt5-cortexa9hf-vfp-neon-toolchain-1.7.sh Installing Qt Creator We will use the Open Source version of Qt Creator. Please make sure that your application does comply with the requirements of Open Source Software before installing. You may download Qt Creator Open Source for Linux from the following link: http://www.qt.io/download-open-source/ Once you downloaded the installer you will need to make sure that the file has permission to be executed. You can add this with the following command: $ chmod +x qt-unified-linux-x64-2.0.2-2-online.run Then run the installer $ ./ qt-unified-linux-x64-2.0.2-2-online.run After the information from the repositories has been fetched you will be asked where to install Qt Creator. Then you will be asked which components to install. We will install Qt 5.4 which is the one supported on the 3.14.28 BSP release. You will need to accept the License Agreement and then the installer will fetch and install the necessary files. Configuring Qt Creator Once it’s finished downloading, launch Qt Creator. You can do this with the following command: cd <INSTALATION_DIR>/Tools/QtCreator/bin $./qtcreator.sh Under the Tools top bar menu, chose Options… On the Options window’s left menu chose Build & Run and then the Compilers tab and select Add GCC. On the next screen chose a name for this Compiler (i.e. i.MX Qt5) and then select the Compiler path, which may vary depending on where you have it installed but by default should be in: /opt/poky/<VERSION>/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux/usr/bin/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-g++ It should then be detected as arm-linux on the ABI section. Next select the Qt Versions tab and click on Add… Look for the qmake on the toolchain path, which is by default: /opt/poky/<VERSION>/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux/usr/bin/qt5/qmake Finally, on the Kits tab add a new kit and select the sysroots from the toolchain, which is by default located in: /opt/poky/<VERSION>/sysroots/cortexa9hf-vfp-neon-poky-linux-gnueabi Qt Creator is now configured for building for the i.MX6.

Guide for Accessing GPIO From UserSpace Summary for Simple GPIO Example - quandry https://community.freescale.com/message/598834#598834

i.MX_Android_FAQ i.MX Android FAQ 1 Sync project and Build 1.1 How can I download AOSP repo from mirror server? By default, all aosp repo in the Android project will be downloaded from google server directly. But some may have issues to access the google server, if you have server which has mirrored the aosp repo then you can redirct the aosp repo download link. In i.MX android project, all aosp repo will be included in the ${MY_ANDROID}/.repo/manifests/aosp*.xml, you can redirect the aosp repo remote by changing the "fetch" for remote "aosp", below is an example to redirect the remote link to <your-mirror-server-address>: @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ <manifest> <remote name="aosp" - fetch="https://android.googlesource.com/" + fetch="<your-mirror-server-address>/" review="https://android-review.googlesource.com/" /> <default revision="refs/tags/android-10.0.0_r32" remote="aosp" 1.2 How do I configure the build information? BUILD_ID and BUILD_NUMBER are two makefile variables that can be used in Android core build system to specify build information if they are defined. In our release package, we define the BUILD_ID as the internal release build number, and define the BUILD_NUMBER as the internal release date. You can customize the value of these two variables in the file of ${MY_ANDROID}/device/fsl/{product}/build_id.mk. "${MY_ANDROID}" represents a the root directory of Android source code. "{product}" is related to specific chips and boards, for example, it can be "imx8m/evk_8mq". Below is an example to update the BUILD_ID for i.MX 8MQuad EVK diff --git a/imx8m/evk_8mq/build_id.mk b/imx8m/evk_8mq/build_id.mk index 257b500..b177202 100644 --- a/imx8m/evk_8mq/build_id.mk +++ b/imx8m/evk_8mq/build_id.mk @@ -18,5 +18,5 @@ # (like "CRB01"). It must be a single word, and is # capitalized by convention. -export BUILD_ID=1.0.0-ga-rc2 +export BUILD_ID=1.0.0-ga-rc3 export BUILD_NUMBER=20190114 1.3 How do I change boot command line in boot.img? After using boot.img, we stored the default kernel boot command line inside of this image. It will package together during android build. You can change this by changing BOARD_KERNEL_CMDLINE's definition in ${MY_ANDROID}/device/fsl/{product}/BoardConfig.mk file. NOTE: Replace {product} with your product, eg, imx8m/evk_8mq. 1.4 How to fix Python2 incompatible with latest git-repo? You might meet below exception when you execute "repo init" or "repo sync": haoran@pentakill:~/ssd/imx_5.4.y$ repo sync -c repo: warning: Python 2 is no longer supported; Please upgrade to Python 3.6+. Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/ssd-1/haoran/imx_5.4.y/.repo/repo/main.py", line 56, in <module> from subcmds.version import Version File "/home/ssd-1/haoran/imx_5.4.y/.repo/repo/subcmds/__init__.py", line 38, in <module> ['%s' % name]) File "/home/ssd-1/haoran/imx_5.4.y/.repo/repo/subcmds/upload.py", line 27, in <module> from hooks import RepoHook File "/home/ssd-1/haoran/imx_5.4.y/.repo/repo/hooks.py", line 472 file=sys.stderr) ^ In Android repository, the "repo" tool which used to work actually is from ${MY_ANDROID}/.repo/repo/repo. This Python script is from Google's https://gerrit.googlesource.com/git-repo by default. Google pushed the change for this git-repo.git and removed the Python2 support of the repo tool after Dec 2020. So the Python2 cannot execute the repo sub command any more based on latest repo tools. For older Android release, some build scripts of Android cannot support Python 3. So that it is not convenient to switch Python tool always between "repo sync" and images builts. A way to reslove this is that we can follow below instructions to fallback your git-repo version which work for Python 2 for older Android releases:  $cd ${MY_ANDROID}/.repo/repo $git checkout -b python2_repo 58ac1678e8438fd029a22365741fc57276eda404 $git branch python2_repo --set-upstream-to=origin/master 2 Connectivity 2.1 How do I setup a computer to support ADB? To setup a computer to support ADB, see Android web site for more details. There is one thing not clear in the page mentioned above about "setup the system to detect the device" on Ubuntu Linux, an udev rules file need to be created and well edited, please follow below steps:     1. Create the file of "/etc/udev/rules.d/90-android.rules" with root permission and add the vendors of the device to the file with below format SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="18d1", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev" SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="1fc9", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev" the id value of "18d1" is USB VID of google, which is used in our USB HAL code. the id value of "1fc9" is the USB VID of NXP.     2. now execute blow command on the host chmod a+r /etc/udev/rules.d/90-android.rules 2.2 How do I setup a computer to support ADB In Recovery mode? NXP i.MX 6/7 series support applying system update from ADB's. Linux OS supports this feature by default. For Windows OS, follow the steps below: Install the Google usb driver. Apply the patch below to the USB driver from Google. Connect the USB cable to the board and install the driver according to the instructions provided. --- android_winusb.inf 2013-06-04 13:39:40.344756457 +0800 +++ android_winusb.inf 2013-06-04 13:43:46.634756423 +0800 @@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ [Google.NTx86] +;adb sideload support +%SingleAdbInterface% = USB_Install, USB\VID_18D1&PID_D001 ;Google Nexus One %SingleAdbInterface% = USB_Install, USB\VID_18D1&PID_0D02 @@ -59,7 +61,8 @@ [Google.NTamd64] - +;adb sideload support +%SingleAdbInterface% = USB_Install, USB\VID_18D1&PID_D001 ;Google Nexus One %SingleAdbInterface% = USB_Install, USB\VID_18D1&PID_0D02 %CompositeAdbInterface% = USB_Install, USB\VID_18D1&PID_0D02&MI_01 2.3 How do I enable USB tethering? We support the USB tethering feature, and upstream device can be WIFI or Ethernet. USB tethering can be enabled in the Settings UI after your OTG USB cable is connected to PC: Settings -> Network & internet -> Hotspot & tethering -> USB tethering. On linux and Windows 7 PC, when USB tethering is enabled, you can easily get a usb network device with host driver installed automatically. The IP and DNS server is automatically configured. On Windows XP PC, when you have connected the board with the PC and you can see an unknown device named "Android" in the device manager, you have to manually install the tethering driver file of tetherxp.inf. After it is successfully installed, you can see "Android USB RNDIS device" in the device manager. By this time, you can use USB rndis network device to access the network. 2.4 How do I use MTP? The Media Transfer Protocol is a set of custom extensions to the Picture Transfer Protocol (PTP). Whereas PTP was designed for downloading photographs from digital cameras, Media Transfer Protocol supports the transfer of music files on digital audio players and media files on portable media players, as well as personal information on personal digital assistants. Starting with version 4.0, Android supports MTP as default protocol transfer files with PC, instead of the USB Mass Storage. By default, as Google suggested, we disabled the UMS and enabled MTP. NOTE: Please make sure you disable the USB Tethering when using MTP. Under WinXP, you can not make MTP work with ADB enabled, but under Win7, MTP can work together with ADB in most of the cases. When connecting the board to PC by USB cable, a USB icon will be shown in the notification bar. Then you can click on the notification area, and select "Connected as a media device" to launch the USB computer connection option UI. There, MTP and PTP can be chosen as current transfer protocol. You can also launch the option UI by Settings -> Storage -> MENU -> USB computer connection. MTP on Windows XP Windows XP supports PTP protocol by default. In order to support MTP protocol, you must install Windows Media Player (Version >= 10). When connecting to the PC, you can see MTP devices in windows explorer. Since Windows XP only supports copy/paste files in the explorer, you cannot directly open the files in MTP device. MTP on Windows 7 Windows 7 supports MTP(PTP) protocol by default. When connecting to the PC, you can see MTP devices in windows explorer. You can do any operations just as you would on your hard disk. MTP on ubuntu Ubuntu supports PTP protocol by default. To support MTP protocol, you must install the following packages: libmtp, mtp-tools by $ sudo apt-get install mtp-tools If your default libmtp version is not 1.1.1 (current latest libmtp on ubuntu is 1.1.0), you must upgrade it manually by: $ sudo apt-get install libusb-dev $ wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/libmtp/libmtp/1.1.1/libmtp-1.1.1.tar.gz $ tar -xvf libmtp-1.1.1.tar.gz $ cd libmtp-1.1.1 $ ./configure --prefix=/usr $ make -j4 $ sudo make install After you have done the steps outlined above, you can transfer the files between PC and Device by the following commands: mtp-detect: find current connected MTP device mtp-files: list all the files on MTP device 2.5 How do I set networking proxy for Wi-Fi? To configure the proxy settings for a Wi-Fi network, you have to: Tap and hold a network from the list of added Wi-Fi networks Now choose "Advanced options", and scroll down to "Proxy". Choose "Manually". Then enter the proxy settings provided by the network administrator. Finally tap on the button denoted as "CONNECT". 2.6 How to adapt the "wifi country code" for a specific country and/or region? In i.MX Android Software, "CN" is used as default code while it's mainly for mainland of China. Some other countries and/or regions are listed in below table for convenience. If the target country/region is not in below table,  Search on the internet with the keyword of "ISO 3166" for the result. Code Country/Region name CA Canada JP Japan DE Germany NL Netherlands IT Italy PT Portugal LU Luxembourg NO Norway FI Finland DK Denmark CH Switzerland CZ Czech Republic ES Spain GB United Kingdom KR Republic of Korea (South Korea) FR France SG Singapore BR Brazil IL Israel AT Austria AU Australia BE Belgium CY Cyprus EE Estonia GR Greece HU Hungary ID Indonesia IE Ireland ID India IS Iceland LT Lithuania LV Latvia MY Malaysia NZ New Zealand PH Philippines PL Poland SE Sweden SI Slovenia SK Slovak Republic TH Thailand US United States ZA South Africa   2.7 How to switch the Power role of USB Power Delivery through USB Type-C? Several i.MX 8 board support the USB Power Delivery(PD) through USB Type-C port.The board can be acted as Power Sink or Power Source. Check corresponding Android Release Notes to see whether board support USB Power Delivery(PD) or not. Below are the steps to switch the Power role: 1.Connect a reference device with i.MX board: Use a Type-C to Type-C cable to connect i.MX board with the reference device(support Usb Power Delivery). 2.Check i.MX board device's role If i.MX board connects as host , and the reference device is a device(has a usb Drop-down menu to choose transfer files, ptp), then do step 3 on the reference device. If i.MX board connects as device(has a usb Drop-down menu to choose transfer files, ptp), and the reference device is a host, then do step 3 on i.MX board. 3.Power role switch If i.MX board is host: To make i.MX board as Power Source to charge the reference device, choose "Charging this device" on the reference device's usb Drop-down menu. To make i.MX board as Power Sink to be charged by the reference device, choose "Supplying power" on the reference device's usb Drop-down menu. If i.MX board is device: To make i.MX board as Power Source to charge the reference device, choose "Supplying power" on i.MX board's usb Drop-down menu. To make i.MX board as Power Sink to be charged by the reference device,choose "Charging this device" on i.MX board's usb Drop-down menu. NOTE: 1.Below command can check current power role for the i.MX board cat /sys/class/typec/port0/power_role source [sink] : means this i.MX board is been charged by the reference device, [source] sink : means this i.MX board is charging the reference device, 2.The reference device should support the USB Power Delivery(PD). You can check whether the reference device support it or not by below command when it is connected with i.MX board's USB Type-C port: cat /sys/class/typec/port0/port0-partner/supports_usb_power_delivery, If this value is yes, then this reference device supports usb power delivery. Google pixel phone meets this requirement, but Google nexus 6 does not. 3 Core 3.1 How do I enter Android Recovery mode manually? When the system is running, press "VOLUME DOWN" and "Power" to enter Recovery mode if board has these keys. This check is in u-boot.git board support file, where you can change your preferred combo keys. Also, you can input this command in the console: reboot recovery # the board reset to recovery mode. to enter recovery mode. 3.2 How do I enter the text menu in recovery mode? NOTE: This function only works on boards with POWER / VOLUME UP / VOLUME DOWN keys. When the system completes booted up into recovery mode, you will see an Android Robot Logo Press the POWER KEY(keep pressed), and then VOLUME UP KEY going to the text menu like this: Move the menu item by VOLUME UP and VOLUME DOWN button. Select the menu item by Power Key. Select the required option using the direction keys on the keypad or keyboard. reboot system now apply update from ADB, you may update the software from update.zip by adb sideload command. Only NXP i.MX 6/7 series support this feature. wipe data/factory reset. /data and /cache partitions are formatted. wipe cache partition. /cache partition is formatted. Reboot the system. 3.3 How do I upgrade system by ADB? NXP i.MX 6/7 series support applying system update from ADB. Before upgrade the system with ADB tool, please install adb driver first, see "2 Connectivity->2.2 How do I setup a computer to support ADB In Recovery mode?" section. After the installation and setup of the driver is complete, follow the steps below: Download the OTA update package to your computer, and connect the board to your PC with USB cable. Ensure that the system has entered recovery mode. See "3.1 How do I enter Android Recovery mode manually" section. Toggle the text Menu, move the cursor to "apply update from ADB", the UI is displayed as follows: On your computer, execute below command adb sideload $YOUR_UPDATE_PACKAGE.zip After the package is sent, the system starts updating the firmware with the update file. 3.4 How do I use android fastboot? Fastboot is an utility which can be used to download images from Windows/Linux PC to the target storage device. This utility is released by Google, which can be downloaded from Android official site. Android release implements part of the fastboot commands in the U-Boot, such as: flash, reboot, getvar. Before using the fastboot, Google usb driver should be installed on windows HOST and the target board should boot up to bootloader fastboot mode. NOTE: the size of images downloaded by fastboot must be less than the related partition size. Target side: Power on the board with USB OTG connected. Make sure board enter fastboot mode. There are several ways to enter fastboot mode. Option1: Input  reboot bootloader  in console after boot. Option2: Connect power to the board. You'll see the following output from the console. U-Boot ... ... Fastboot: Normal Hit any key to stop autoboot: 3 Hit any key before the countdown completes to access the bootloader prompt. Type fastboot usb and hit Enter: Fastboot: Normal Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0 => fastboot usb NOTE: 1.On HOST PC, it will prompt you that a new device was found and that you need to install the driver. Please install it. 2.After board enter U-Boot mode, type mmc part on target side to get detail partition name defined in partition table image. Some partitions are hardcoded in u-boot, it will not be listed here. Host side: Make sure fastboot is contained by the system environment variable of "PATH". Go to image folder. Below is an example to use fastboot to flash images for NXP imx8 series. Make sure your board is in unlock state before flashing images with fastboot. bootloader0/bootloader and gpt partitions is hardcoded in u-boot, it's not in partition table file. names and number of partitions defined in partition table file may change as time goes on and new features are enabled. $ fastboot flash gpt partition-table.img $ fastboot flash bootloader0 u-boot.imx $ fastboot flash dtbo dtbo.img $ fastboot flash boot boot.img $ fastboot flash system system.img $ fastboot flash vendor vendor.img $ fastboot flash vbmeta vbmeta.img $ fastboot reboot Below is an example to use fastboot to flash images for NXP i.MX 6/7 series. $ fastboot flash gpt partition-table.img $ fastboot flash bootloader u-boot.imx $ fastboot flash dtbo dtbo.img $ fastboot flash boot boot.img $ fastboot flash system system.img $ fastboot flash vendor vendor.img $ fastboot flash vbmeta vbmeta.img $ fastboot flash recovery recovery.img $ fastboot reboot 3.5 How to do incremental OTA update for imx6/7?      3.5.1 Check the definition of "IncrementalOTA_InstallEnd" function i.MX6/7 code released before Android10(not include Android10) does not support to build incremental OTA package. need to define a function named "IncrementalOTA_InstallEnd" in releasetools.py for a specific platform, this is a file under ${MY_ANDROID}/device/fsl. take i.MX 7ULP EVK as an example, this file is ${MY_ANDROID}/device/fsl/imx7ulp/releasetools.py. if the function is not defined, make below changes on the code. Other platforms have their own releasetools.py, modify the file based on you own requirement.                                               diff --git a/imx7ulp/releasetools.py b/imx7ulp/releasetools.py index 8c40905d..d557b23e 100644 --- a/imx7ulp/releasetools.py +++ b/imx7ulp/releasetools.py @@ -38,3 +38,25 @@ def FullOTA_InstallEnd(info): # emit the script code to trigger the dtbo updater on the device info.script.WriteRawImage("/dtbo", "dtbo.img") + +def IncrementalOTA_InstallEnd(info): + # copy the vbmeta and dtbo into the package. + try: + vbmeta_img = common.GetBootableImage( + "vbmeta.img", "vbmeta.img", OPTIONS.input_tmp, "VBMETA") + dtbo_img = common.GetBootableImage( + "dtbo.img", "dtbo.img", OPTIONS.input_tmp, "DTBO") + except KeyError: + print "no vbmeta or dtbo images in target_files; skipping install" + return + # copy the vbmeta into the package. + common.ZipWriteStr(info.output_zip, "vbmeta.img", vbmeta_img.data) + + # emit the script code to trigger the vbmeta updater on the device + info.script.WriteRawImage("/vbmeta", "vbmeta.img") + + # copy the dtbo into the package. + common.ZipWriteStr(info.output_zip, "dtbo.img", dtbo_img.data) + + # emit the script code to trigger the dtbo updater on the device + info.script.WriteRawImage("/dtbo", "dtbo.img")                                               The variable "BOARD_PREBUILT_DTBOIMAGE" in ${MY_ANDROID}/device/fsl  is used to specify the dtbo images to be built into the OTA package. modify the value of this variable based on your requirement. Take i.MX7ULP EVK as an example, you may need to made below change to make the OTA package suitable for boards with MIPI panel display                                               diff --git a/imx7ulp/evk_7ulp/BoardConfig.mk b/imx7ulp/evk_7ulp/BoardConfig.mk index 0c023ecc..ec1c695f 100644 --- a/imx7ulp/evk_7ulp/BoardConfig.mk +++ b/imx7ulp/evk_7ulp/BoardConfig.mk @@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ TARGET_BOARD_DTS_CONFIG := imx7ulp:imx7ulp-evkb.dtb imx7ulp-evk:imx7ulp-evk.dtb TARGET_BOARD_DTS_CONFIG += imx7ulp-mipi:imx7ulp-evkb-rm68200-wxga.dtb imx7ulp-evk-mipi:imx7ulp-evk-mipi.dtb TARGET_KERNEL_DEFCONFIG := imx_v7_android_defconfig # TARGET_KERNEL_ADDITION_DEFCONF := imx_v7_android_addition_defconfig -BOARD_PREBUILT_DTBOIMAGE := out/target/product/evk_7ulp/dtbo-imx7ulp.img +BOARD_PREBUILT_DTBOIMAGE := out/target/product/evk_7ulp/dtbo-imx7ulp-mipi.img # u-boot target used by uuu for imx7ulp_evk TARGET_BOOTLOADER_CONFIG += imx7ulp-evk-uuu:mx7ulp_evk_defconfig                                               3.5.2 Build target package file                You can use below command to generate target package file under android environment: $ cd ${MY_ANDROID} $ source build/envsetup.sh $ lunch evk_7ulp-userdebug $ make target-files-package -j4 After the build finish, you can find target package file in the following path: . ${MY_ANDROID}/out/target/product/evk_7ulp/obj/PACKAGING/target_files_intermediates/evk_7ulp-target_files-**.zip Copy the target file to ${MY_ANDROID} directory, let's rename it as evk_7ulp-target.a.zip. then execute below command to generate the full OTA package. $ ./build/tools/releasetools/ota_from_target_files evk_7ulp-target.a.zip evk_ota_full.zip Apply this OTA package evk_ota_full.zip to the board. for example, with adb, execute below commands on the host which is connected to the board via the USB cable: $ sudo adb root $ sudo adb reboot sideload # wait a while until the system reboot into sideload mode $ sudo adb sideload evk_ota_full.zip After preceding commands finished, the reboot the system. the images running on the board is the same as images in "evk_7ulp-target.a.zip"    3.5.3 Build incremental update package An incremental update contains a set of binary patches to be applied to the data already on the device. This can result in considerably smaller update packages. Incremental OTA package is also build from target package file, the difference with full OTA package is that two target package files are needed to generate on incremental OTA package. one target package has the images already running on the board, one has the image to be updated to. For example, we've update the i.MX 7ULP EVK board with images running on it the same as images in "evk_7ulp-target.a.zip". After this, some development work is done on the code. we can build the target package file again and generate full OTA package just as described in "3.5.2 Build target package file", We can also use this new generated target package file together with evk_7ulp-target.a.zip to generate a incremental OTA package. Assume that we've generated a target file, copied to ${MY_ANDROID} directory and rename it as evk_7ulp-target.b.zip. execute below command on the host to generate incremental OTA package: $ ./build/tools/releasetools/ota_from_target_files -i evk_7ulp-target.a.zip evk_7ulp-target.b.zip evk_7ulp_ota_diff.zip An incremental OTA package is generated with preceding command. it should be applied on device running the same images as in target file evk_7ulp-target.a.zip. This incremental OTA package can also be updated to the board with adb, just as described for full OTA package. After this OTA package is applied. next time if another incremental OTA is needed, a new generated target package file and the old evk_7ulp-target.b.zip is used to generate it. 4 A/V 4.1 How do I check frame drop statistic while video playback? Input below commands from console while video playback to get the real-time frame drop statistics. dumpsys media.player | grep "num" Then check the output,frame drop statistic will be showed like: numFramesTotal(1892), numFramesDropped(0), percentageDropped(0.00%) numFramesTotal: The total frames of the video file. numFramesDropped: The dropped frame count as AV synchronization. percentageDropped: The total dropped frame percentage. 5 Graphics 5.1 How to set GPU Minimal clock to balance performance and power consumption? Normally GPU works at full speed. When thermal driver report chip too hot, the GPU driver will adjust internal clock to reduce the power consumption to cool the chip down quickly. In theory we should set the GPU clock to 1/64 so that chip can be cool down more quickly, but you may see the black screen or flicker issue when GPU work at so slow clock especially in large resolution. There is below way to customize the threshold of GPU minimal clock based the chip and the resolution of their product. Customer can set the minimal GPU clock by change below line in ${MY_ANDROID}/device/fsl/{product}/init.rc file, the value can be set to any value from 1 to 64. write /sys/module/galcore/parameters/gpu3DMinClock 3 Current default value is 3. Customer should tune and set the suitable value based on their test. 5.2 How to disable GPU acceleration? There are three parts using GPU acceleration on android. Customer may need to disable some of them separately to narrow down issue. Below are the steps to do it. 1.Disable HWComposer: You can disable HWComposer in Setting apk, Settings->System-> {} Developer options ->Disable HW overlays 2.Disable OpenGL Renderer You can disable OpenGL Renderer and force use SKIA to draw by set "setprop sys.viewroot.hw false" and kill surfaceflinger thread. 3.Disable OpenGL 3D draw Disable OpenGL 3D draw can only be done after Disable OpenGL Renderer as this operation will totally disable all 3D OpenGL acceleration. You can do it by "mv /system/lib/egl/libGLES_android.so /system/lib/egl/libGLES.so" and kill surfaceflinger thread. NOTE: below example tell you how to kill surfaceflinger root@sabresd_6dq:/ # ps | grep surfaceflinger system 159 1 168148 7828 ffffffff b6f05834 S /system/bin/surfaceflinger root@sabresd_6dq:/ # kill 159 6 Boot 6.1 How to boot form different paritions of eMMC for boards with i.MX 8QuadXPlus b0 chips? i.MX 8QuadXPlus MEK with silicon revision b0 chips can boot from eMMC boot partition 32KB offset, but this is not a behaviour specified in the Reference Manual, it is not guaranteed to work fine on your boards. As the Reference manual shows that the first image container offset is 0 if the bootloader image is in eMMC boot partition or 32KB if the bootloader image is in eMMC User data area partition. If boot from eMMC boot partition 32KB offset does not work on your boards, some changes can be made to comply with the description in the Reference Manual: 1. bootloader image at eMMC boot partition with 0 offset with this scenario, eMMC fast boot mode should be used for i.MX 8QuadXPlus silicon revision b0 chips. eMMC fast boot mode is not enabled by default, and enabling it is irreversible. fastboot command "fuse prog -y 0 0x13 0x1" can be used to enable eMMC fastboot mode, this can be add to the uuu_imx_android_flash scripts. an example on uuu_imx_android_flash.sh: diff --git a/common/tools/uuu_imx_android_flash.sh b/common/tools/uuu_imx_android_flash.sh index da45518cb..49ee53555 100755 --- a/common/tools/uuu_imx_android_flash.sh +++ b/common/tools/uuu_imx_android_flash.sh @@ -145,6 +145,9 @@ function uuu_load_uboot if [[ ${target_dev} = "emmc" ]]; then echo FB: ucmd mmc partconf ${target_num} 1 1 1 >> /tmp/uuu.lst fi + if [[ ${soc_name} = "imx8qxp" ]] && [[ ${uboot_feature} != *"c0"* ]]; then + echo FB: ucmd fuse prog -y 0 0x13 0x1 >> /tmp/uuu.lst + fi if [[ ${intervene} -eq 1 ]]; then echo FB: done >> /tmp/uuu.lst Also, the "bootloader0" partition offset for i.MX 8QuadXPlus silicon revision b0 should change to 0 from 32K. diff --git a/drivers/fastboot/fb_fsl/fb_fsl_partitions.c b/drivers/fastboot/fb_fsl/fb_fsl_partitions.c index 92c978e6c8..7e3679b19a 100644 --- a/drivers/fastboot/fb_fsl/fb_fsl_partitions.c +++ b/drivers/fastboot/fb_fsl/fb_fsl_partitions.c @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ static ulong bootloader_mmc_offset(void) { if (is_imx8mq() || is_imx8mm() || ((is_imx8qm() || is_imx8qxp()) && is_soc_rev(CHIP_REV_A))) return 0x8400; - else if (is_imx8qm() || (is_imx8qxp() && !is_soc_rev(CHIP_REV_B))) { + else if (is_imx8qm() || is_imx8qxp()) { if (MEK_8QM_EMMC == fastboot_devinfo.dev_id) /* target device is eMMC boot0 partition, bootloader offset is 0x0 */ return 0x0; 2. bootloader image at eMMC User data area partition with 32KB offset. with this scenario, code in uboot should be modified to make the "bootloader0" partition in eMMC User data area partiton. Below patch can work for i.MX 8QuadXPlus MEK with b0 chips, but it obviously will impact other platforms, apply below path with caution. diff --git a/drivers/fastboot/fb_fsl/fb_fsl_dev.c b/drivers/fastboot/fb_fsl/fb_fsl_dev.c index f1c116bea2..c23f0a3e01 100644 --- a/drivers/fastboot/fb_fsl/fb_fsl_dev.c +++ b/drivers/fastboot/fb_fsl/fb_fsl_dev.c @@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ static int get_fastboot_target_dev(char *mmc_dev, struct fastboot_ptentry *ptn) printf("Flash target is mmc%d\n", dev); if (target_mmc->part_config != MMCPART_NOAVAILABLE) sprintf(mmc_dev, "mmc dev %x %x", dev, /*slot no*/ - FASTBOOT_MMC_BOOT_PARTITION_ID/*part no*/); + FASTBOOT_MMC_USER_PARTITION_ID/*part no*/); else sprintf(mmc_dev, "mmc dev %x", dev); } @@ -559,4 +559,4 @@ void process_erase_mmc(const char *cmdbuf, char *response) sprintf(response, "OKAY"); return; -} \ No newline at end of file +} diff --git a/drivers/fastboot/fb_fsl/fb_fsl_partitions.c b/drivers/fastboot/fb_fsl/fb_fsl_partitions.c index 92c978e6c8..4629060402 100644 --- a/drivers/fastboot/fb_fsl/fb_fsl_partitions.c +++ b/drivers/fastboot/fb_fsl/fb_fsl_partitions.c @@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ static int _fastboot_parts_load_from_ptable(void) bootloader_mmc_offset() / dev_desc->blksz; ptable[PTN_BOOTLOADER_INDEX].length = ANDROID_BOOTLOADER_SIZE / dev_desc->blksz; - ptable[PTN_BOOTLOADER_INDEX].partition_id = boot_partition; + ptable[PTN_BOOTLOADER_INDEX].partition_id = user_partition; ptable[PTN_BOOTLOADER_INDEX].flags = FASTBOOT_PTENTRY_FLAGS_UNERASEABLE; strcpy(ptable[PTN_BOOTLOADER_INDEX].fstype, "raw"); eMMC also need to be set to boot from User data area partition, set this in uuu_imx_android_flash scripts. An example on uuu_imx_android_flash.sh is as below, note that this will have impact on flashing other platforms, apply it with caution. diff --git a/common/tools/uuu_imx_android_flash.sh b/common/tools/uuu_imx_android_flash.sh index da45518cb..d98844d84 100755 --- a/common/tools/uuu_imx_android_flash.sh +++ b/common/tools/uuu_imx_android_flash.sh @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ function uuu_load_uboot echo FB: ucmd mmc erase ${uboot_env_start} ${uboot_env_len} >> /tmp/uuu.lst if [[ ${target_dev} = "emmc" ]]; then - echo FB: ucmd mmc partconf ${target_num} 1 1 1 >> /tmp/uuu.lst + echo FB: ucmd mmc partconf ${target_num} 1 7 1 >> /tmp/uuu.lst fi if [[ ${intervene} -eq 1 ]]; then 7 Misc 7.1 How to enable Developer options on Android Jelly Bean and later version? Google has hidden the Developer options since the version Jelly Bean - here's how to get them back: Go to the Settings menu, and scroll down to "System". Tap it. Then Tap "About tablet" menu. Scroll down to the bottom again, where you see "Build number." Tap it seven times. After the third tap, you'll see a playful dialog that says you're four taps away from being a developer. Keep on tapping, until you've got the developer settings back. 7.2 How do I enable or disable bus frequency feature? The Bus Frequency driver is used to low down the DDR, AHB and AXI bus frequency in the SoC when the IPs who needs high bus frequency is not working. This saves the power consumption in Android earlysuspend mode significantly (playing audio with screen off). The bus frequency driver is enabled by default, if you want to enable or disable it, please do the following command in the console: Disable:    $ echo 0 > sys/bus/platform/drivers/imx_busfreq/busfreq/enable Enable:    $ echo 1 > sys/bus/platform/drivers/imx_busfreq/busfreq/enable Please note that if you're using ethernet, the up operation will enable the FEC clock and force bus frequency to be high. That means you can not go into low bus mode anymore, no matter the ethernet cable is plugged or unplugged. So if you want to system going to low bus mode, you must do 'netcfg eth0 down' to shutdown the FEC manually. If you want to use FEC again, please do 'netcfg eth0 up' manually, when FEC is shutdown with clock gated, the PHY can not detect your cable in/out events. 7.3 How do I use memtool?    7.3.1 build memtool in Android environment git clone https://source.codeaurora.org/external/imx/imx-test/ -b imx_5.4.24_2.1.0 cp -r imx-test/test/memtool ${MY_ANDROID}/external  cd ${MY_ANDROID} source build/envsetup.sh lunch evk_8mm-userdebug mmm external/memtool             The built binaries stores at ${MY_ANDROID}/out/target/product/evk_8mm/vendor/bin/memtool_32 and ${MY_ANDROID}/out/target/product/evk_8mm/vendor/bin/memtool_64    7.3.2 rebuild boot image             Add below patch to enable CONFIG_DEVMEM, then rebuild boot.img and flash it on board: fastboot flash boot_a boot.img diff --git a/arch/arm64/configs/imx_v8_android_defconfig b/arch/arm64/configs/imx_v8_android_defconfig index ee40b9aa67e6..cdc9a1d56849 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/configs/imx_v8_android_defconfig +++ b/arch/arm64/configs/imx_v8_android_defconfig @@ -477,7 +477,6 @@ CONFIG_INPUT_ISL29023=y # CONFIG_SERIO_SERPORT is not set CONFIG_SERIO_AMBAKMI=y # CONFIG_LEGACY_PTYS is not set -# CONFIG_DEVMEM is not set CONFIG_SERIAL_8250=y CONFIG_SERIAL_8250_CONSOLE=y CONFIG_SERIAL_8250_EXTENDED=y    7.3.3 use memtool on board Push memtool to board's disk: adb push ${MY_ANDROID}/out/target/product/evk_8mm/vendor/bin/memtool_32 /data/local/tmp Run memtool_32 to get help info: evk_8mm:/ # /data/local/tmp/memtool_32 Usage: Read memory: memtool [-8 | -16 | -32] <phys addr> <count> Write memory: memtool [-8 | -16 | -32] <phys addr>=<value>   7.4 How do I use systrace? The systrace tool can be used to analyze Android device performance. Please refer to below links about what is systrace and how to use it: https://source.android.com/devices/tech/debug/systrace  https://developer.android.com/topic/performance/tracing/command-line  The systrace tool will require the "CONFIG_DEBUG_FS" config to be enabled or you may have below error when generating the report: Starting tracing (stop with enter) Tracing completed. Collecting output... /system/bin/sh: <stdin>[2]: can't create /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_marker: No such file or directory Outputting Systrace results... In some new Android releases, the "CONFIG_DEBUG_FS" config is disabled by default, you will need to enable it by yourself to enable the systrace function. For example: diff --git a/arch/arm64/configs/imx_v8_android_car2_defconfig b/arch/arm64/configs/imx_v8_android_car2_defconfig index 9e38bb17d640..bf35ce161d6d 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/configs/imx_v8_android_car2_defconfig +++ b/arch/arm64/configs/imx_v8_android_car2_defconfig @@ -509,3 +509,4 @@ CONFIG_PANIC_TIMEOUT=5 CONFIG_DEBUG_LIST=y CONFIG_ENABLE_DEFAULT_TRACERS=y # CONFIG_UPROBE_EVENTS is not set +CONFIG_DEBUG_FS=y   8 Port ISP camera to Android It’s a quick guide for developers to port ISP camera from Linux to Android on evk_8mp. Assume you have already got the Android source code and know how to build and flash image. Those can be got from Android release docs. Below just focus on porting ISP camera. Also assume the camera works ok on Linux.   8.1 Driver code path vendor/nxp-opensource/verisilicon_sw_isp_vvcam   8.2 Driver compile 8.2.1 compile command Under Android root path, follow below commands. 1) source build/envsetup.sh 2) lunch evk_8mp-userdebug 3) ./imx-make.sh kernel -j8     // Just run once is ok 4) ./imx-make.sh vvcam -j8  If build ok, will generate ko under below path. fanghui@aps001:~/share_home2/android-11-5.10/out/target/product/evk_8mp$ ls obj/VVCAM_OBJ/ basler-camera-driver-vvcam.ko  kernelenv.sh  os08a20.ko  ov2775.ko  vvcam-dwe.ko  vvcam-isp.ko  vvcam-video.ko   8.2.2 compile arrangement Below are the related files vvcam/vvcam.mk If a new sensor is added. You need add copy script in vvcam.mk, such as cp $(VVCAM_SRC_PATH)/sensor/ov2775/ov2775.ko $(VVCAM_OUT);   vvcam/v4l2/Kbuild It’s copied from vvcam/v4l2/Makefile, just some necessary changes to make it build ok on Android. If there are changes for a new sensor in Makefile, should be aligned to Kbuild.   device/nxp/common/build/Makefile FYI. It’s where vvcam is added to the android build system. You should never change it. fanghui@aps001:~/share_home2/android-11-5.10/device/nxp$ grep -rn vvcam.mk common/build/Makefile:20:-include ${VVCAM_PATH}/vvcam/vvcam.mk   8.3 Driver update    On 8mp, GKI (genera kernel image) is used. ISP related KOs are built into vendor_boot.img, then flash to the board. Follow below command. cd ANDROID_ROOT    // assume “ANDROID_ROOT” is the root path of android code. ./imx-make.sh vendorbootimage -j8 adb reboot bootloader sudo fastboot flash vendor_boot out/target/product/evk_8mp/vendor_boot.img. sudo fastboot reboot After reboot, the updated KOs will be loaded   Note: If add new KO, need first add to device/nxp/imx8m/evk_8mp/SharedBoardConfig.mk as below. ifeq ($(IMX8MP_USES_GKI),true) BOARD_VENDOR_RAMDISK_KERNEL_MODULES +=     \     ……     $(TARGET_OUT_INTERMEDIATES)/VVCAM_OBJ/basler-camera-driver-vvcam.ko \     $(TARGET_OUT_INTERMEDIATES)/VVCAM_OBJ/vvcam-video.ko \     $(TARGET_OUT_INTERMEDIATES)/VVCAM_OBJ/vvcam-dwe.ko \     $(TARGET_OUT_INTERMEDIATES)/VVCAM_OBJ/vvcam-isp.ko \   8.4 DTB update 8.4.1 DTB arrangement In device/nxp/imx8m/evk_8mp/BoardConfig.mk, change below to your dtb.     # Default dual basler     TARGET_BOARD_DTS_CONFIG := imx8mp:imx8mp-evk-dual-basler.dtb  Related dts file should be under     vendor/nxp-opensource/kernel_imx/arch/arm64/boot/dts/freescale  8.4.2 Build DTB image On ANDROID root path, run ./imx-make.sh kernel -j8 ./imx-make.sh dtboimage -j8 8.4.3 Update DTB image 1) adb reboot bootloader 2) sudo fastboot flash dtbo dtbo-imx8mp.img 3) sudo fastboot reboot   8.5 New sensor lib update 8.5.1 Build sensor lib      The default sensor is basler. If use new sensor, you need build your own libMySensor.so to implement interfaces in isi_iss.h.       You should got ISP code package by "wget https://www.nxp.com/lgfiles/NMG/MAD/YOCTO/isp-imx-4.2.2.15.0.bin". Note: the "isp-imx-4.2.2.15.0.bin" should be replaced the version you used.        Follow appshell/readme_android.txt to build the lib. 8.5.2 Update sensor lib       1) adb root       2) adb remount       3) adb pull /vendor/etc/configs/isp/Sensor0_Entry.cfg       4) Change "drv ="/vendor/lib64/DAA3840_30MC_1080P.drv""           to "drv ="/vendor/lib64/libMySensor.so"".           Change xml and dwe to related files.       5) adb push Sensor0_Entry.cfg /vendor/etc/configs/isp/     Also, you may push related xml/dwe files. 9 Security 9.1 How to enhance IOMUX security? The IOMUX module on i.MX 8M serials SoCs enables flexible I/O multiplexing, allowing users to configure each IO pad as one of selectable functions. The CSU (Central Security Unit) module on i.MX 8M can be used to configure some devices as secure only accessible to protect the security of these devices. But as the IOMUX is Non-Secure accessilbe and thus the pad function can be configured dynamicaly, there is one risk if hackers reconfigure the IO pad to make the device connected to other controller which is accessible to Non-Secure world. One solution for this issue is configuring the CSU to limit Non-Secure access to IOMUX, all IOMUX registers write operations are routed to Trusty OS. In the Trusty OS, add all sensitive IO resources to one blacklist, the IOMUX driver in Trusty OS should check and deny any write attemption to sensitive registers from Non-Secure world. One example patch set is attached to show how to assign the IOMUX to secure world and how to route the IOMUX write operations to Trusty OS. In this example, the USB Host pinctrl PAD on i.MX8MP EVK was assigned to secure world. The layout of the example codes are:     . ├── atf │ └── 0001-config-iomux-to-secure-write.patch --> ${MY_ANDROID}/vendor/nxp-opensource/arm-trusted-firmware ├── kernel │ └── 0001-Use-Trusty-OS-to-handle-iomux-registers-written-oper.patch --> ${MY_ANDROID}/vendor/nxp-opensource/kernel_imx/ ├── trusty │ └── 0001-Add-iomux-pinctrl-TEE-handler.patch --> ${MY_TRUSTY}/trusty/hardware/nxp └── u-boot └── 0001-Use-Trusty-OS-to-handle-IOMUX-operation.patch --> ${MY_ANDROID}/vendor/nxp-opensource/uboot-imx    

Several customers met problem on audio codec porting. In order to figure out cpu dai setting problem or codec dai problem. Create the dummy codec for test purpose.  What this dummy codec can do This dummy codec can play up to 8 channels and record up to 6 channels. Connect SAI1 TX data pin with SAI1 RX data pin for loopback test. Environment Verified with i.MX8MM EVK  Based on Linux BSP L4.14.78 Files Kernel patch 0001-multiple-channels-dummy-audio-codec 0002-Add-capture-for-multiple-channels User space setting /etc/asound.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/aliases.con /usr/share/alsa/cards/DUMMY.conf Audio test content PCM_48_16_8_160000_1_29_jazzshort.wav The alsa command for loopback test with multiple channels  aplay -D surround51:CARD=dummyaudio PCM_48_16_8_160000_1_29_jazzshort.wav | arecord -D surround51:CARD=dummyaudio --disable-channels --disable-format --disable-resample -f S16_LE -r 48000 -c 6 -d 5 -v test.wav

How to change Linux Kernel configuration file in Yocto Project metalayer Preparing the requirements Download the metalayer Git clone the Linux Kernel source code Customize the configuration Copy the configuration to the metalayer Install the patch in the Linux Kernel recipe Build the new image with the different Linux Kernel configuration How to change Linux Kernel configuration file in Yocto Project metalayer It is common that the metalayer providing a Linux Kernel recipe includes a default configuration file for the Linux Kernel source code (the defconfig file). There are several approaches to customize the Linux Kernel source code and defconfig file. This article presents the option to patch the defconfig from the Linux Kernel source code and is a good approach to be used with meta-fsl-bsp-release or meta-imx . Preparing the requirements The list of requirements: the target metalayer (in this example, it's meta-imx:imx-5.4.3-2.0.0 ) the same Linux Kernel source code, but git cloned Download the metalayer For example, take BSP release imx-5.4.3-2.0.0 for meta-imx $ mkdir <BSP_DIR> $ cd <BSP_DIR> $ repo init -u https://source.codeaurora.org/external/imx/imx-manifest -b imx-linux-zeus -m imx-5.4.3-2.0.0.xml $ repo sync $ MACHINE=imx8mnevk DISTRO=fsl-imx-xwayland source ./imx-setup-release.sh -b bld-xwayland‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ Git clone the Linux Kernel source code Use the very same Linux Kernel source code from the metalayer. In this example, open the file sources/meta-imx/meta-bsp/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-imx_5.4.bb to get the git repository, and git commit. $ cd ~ $ git clone git://source.codeaurora.org/external/imx/linux-imx.git $ cd linux-imx $ git checkout fd263a3edd95dfe812397fabf1059b5f99bba2ab -b change_defconfig‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ Customize the configuration Using the default defconfig as a base, configure the Linux Kernel, and then use make menuconfig to change the configuration as desired. After the customization, generate a new defconfig file and replace the default one. The step by step with all the commands can be see in next snippet: $ export ARCH=arm64 $ export CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- $ make defconfig $ make menuconfig $ make savedefconfig $ cp defconfig arch/arm64/configs/defconfig‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ The customization can be highlighted by git, in this example the result is show in next log: $ git status On branch change_defconfig Changes not staged for commit: (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed) (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory) modified: arch/arm64/configs/defconfig Untracked files: (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed) defconfig no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ Review the change and create a commit, with that commit, create a patch. TIP: The defconfig file can also be directly changed. The make menuconfig can be skipped in that case. $ git add arch/arm64/configs/defconfig $ git commit -s -m "defconfig: Customize defconfig" $ git format-patch -1 0001-defconfig-Customize-defconfig.patch‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ Copy the configuration to the metalayer Now that the Linux Kernel configuration is customized, and a patch to the kernel is created, copy over that patch to the metalayer, and install it to the Linux Kernel recipe file. $ mkdir <BSP_DIR>/sources/meta-imx/meta-bsp/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-imx/ $ cp 0001-defconfig-Customize-defconfig.patch <BSP_DIR>/sources/meta-imx/meta-bsp/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-imx/‍‍ Install the patch in the Linux Kernel recipe The Linux Kernel recipe for this example is linux-imx_5.4.bb . Edit the file to install the patch. $ gedit <BSP_DIR>/sources/meta-imx/meta-bsp/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-imx_5.4.bb‍ Add the following line: SRC_URI += "file://0001-defconfig-Customize-defconfig.patch "‍ The resultant change is show above: $ cd <BSP_DIR>/sources/meta-imx/ $ git diff diff --git a/meta-bsp/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-imx_5.4.bb b/meta-bsp/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-imx_5.4.bb index 214647abb..3f926314c 100644 --- a/meta-bsp/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-imx_5.4.bb +++ b/meta-bsp/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-imx_5.4.bb @@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ KERNEL_BRANCH ?= "imx_5.4.3_2.0.0" LOCALVERSION = "-2.0.0" KERNEL_SRC ?= "git://source.codeaurora.org/external/imx/linux-imx.git;protocol=https" SRC_URI = "${KERNEL_SRC};branch=${KERNEL_BRANCH}" +SRC_URI += "file://0001-defconfig-Customize-defconfig.patch " SRCREV = "fd263a3edd95dfe812397fabf1059b5f99bba2ab"‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ Build the new image with the different Linux Kernel configuration Remember to change the current directory to the metalayer. Build the image again. The new image binary reflects the changes in Linux Kernel, and in case the change removes some kernel module, the rootfs also reflects the change. $ cd <BSP_DIR>/bld-xwayland $ bitbake‍ <image-name>‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍

Brief introduction on i.MX Android

   

Important: If you have any questions or would like to report any issues with the DDR tools or supporting documents please create a support ticket in the i.MX community. Please note that any private messages or direct emails are not monitored and will not receive a response. These are detailed programming aids for the registers associated with DRAM initialization (LPDDR3 and LPDDR2). The last work sheet tab in the tool formats the register settings for use with the ARM DS5 debugger. It can also be used with the windows executable for the DDR Stress Test (note the removal of debugger specific commands in this tab). These programming aids were developed for internal NXP validation boards.   This tool serves as an aid to assist with programming the DDR interface of the i.MX 7ULP and is based on the DDR initialization scripts developed for NXP boards and no guarantees are made by this tool.   The following are some general notes regarding this tool: The default configuration for the tool is to enable bank interleaving. Refer to the "How To Use" tab in the tool as a starting point to use this tool. The tool can be configured for one of the two memory types supported by the i.MX 7ULP.  Nevertheless, two separate programming aids are provided based on the DRAM type: LPDDR3 and LPDDR2.  Therefore, you may use the tool pre-configured for your desired memory type as a starting point. Some of the CCM programming at the beginning of the DRAM initialization script (in the "DStream .ds file" tab) were automatically generated and in very few cases may involve writing to reserved bits, however, these writes to reserved bits are simply ignored. Note that in the "DStream .ds file" tab there are DS5 debugger specific commands that should be commented out or removed when using the DRAM initialization for non-debugger specific applications (like when porting to bootloaders). This tool may be updated on an as-needed basis for bug fixes or future improvements.  There is no schedule for aforementioned maintenance. For questions or additional assistance using this tool, please contact your local sales or FAE.

Many times I came across one issue while using Redlib in MXUXpresso IDE project. I like to provide some guidance here to match the proper solution that can help others. Problem Statement : printf or sprintf doesn't print anything or printing random characters while using Redlib library. Reason : When you are creating your project you may ask to choose the c/c++ library setting to select either of the c libray provided by IDE in Advanced project setting wizard. If you have not checked the option "Redlib: Use floating point version of printf" (which will use the floating-point variant of printf) have tried to print the floating point value, You will end up with the problem mentioned above. Solution : You need to enable the floating support by modifying some preprocessor directives in "Defined symbols (-D)" wizard of your project. Path :  Your Project > properties > C/C++ Build > Setiings > Tool Settings > MCU C Compiler > Preprocessor. These are: PRINTF_FLOAT_ENABLE - keep the directive value to "1" SCANF_FLOAT_ENABLE - keep the directive value to "1" CR_INTEGER_PRINTF - Undefine/Remove this directive Click on Apply and close. That is it. Now you will have your expected prints for floating point values in your debugger console.

Wayland:   Wayland is a display SERVER and COMPOSITION protocol. It is relatively new, as its first release was in 2012. The protocol enables applications to allocate their own off-screen buffers and render their window contents directly, using hardware accelerated libraries like OpenGL ES, or high quality software implementations like Cairo. Wayland is ONLY a display server protocol, not a display server itself. Weston is the reference Wayland protocol implementation.   YOCTO Setup . $ mkdir ~/bin $ curl http://commondatastorage.googleapis.com/git-repo-downloads/repo > ~/bin/repo $ chmod a+x ~/bin/repo $ export PATH=~/bin:$PATH $ git config --global user.name "Your Name" $ git config --global user.email "Your Email" $ git config –list $ mkdir fsl-release-bsp $ cd fsl-release-bsp $ repo init -u git://git.freescale.com/imx/fsl-arm-yocto-bsp.git -b imx-3.14.52-1.1.0_ga $ repo sync     you will be able to build Yocto and also have all the recipes to do so, we need to add WAYLAND, then execute the following steps: $ DISTRO=fsl-imx-wayland MACHINE=imx6qsabresd source fsl-setup-release.sh -b build-wayland $ bitbake fsl-image-gui After these steps, you will have a wayland based i.MX6Q image where you will be able to play with all the knowledge we provided here.   Once your image has been properly generated, you will find the Weston source codes in: <YOUR YOCTODIR>/build-wayland/tmp/work/cortexa9hf-vfp-neon-mx6qdl-poky-linux-gnueabi/weston/1.9.0-r0/weston-1.9.0     Wayland application for extended desktop: This functionality is only supported using the GAL2D blitter, in order to enable a multiple desktop approach, you need to pass the following parameters to your weston command: /etc/init.d/weston stop echo 0 > /sys/class/graphics/fb4/blank weston --tty=1 --use-gal2d=1 --use-gl=0 --device=/dev/fb0,/dev/fb4 &     Xwayland: Wayland is a complete window system in itself, but even so, if we're migrating away from X, it makes sense to have a good backwards compatibility story. With a few changes, the Xorg server can be modified to use wayland input devices for input and forward either the root window or individual top-level windows as wayland surfaces.   DISTRO=fsl-imx-xwayland MACHINE=imx6qsabresd source ./fsl-setup-release.sh -b build-xwayland bitbake fsl-image-gui Once you have the image your Wayland/Weston image will be able to run X11 applications   Excepting X11 applications that use EGL, we don’t support that, if you plan to use EGL apps, please use the Wayland provided functions to create the buffer.   Application for rotation: Weston allows rotating windows with super-key + middle mouse button. As this works for Wayland clients only, you can run Xwayland in weston, run your X application on Xwayland, and rotate the Xwayland display. For another option: Create a file ~/.config/weston.ini with this content: [core] modules=xwayland.so shell=desktop-shell.so idle-time=0 [shell] background-color=0xff002244 locking=false # panel-location=none    [launcher] icon=/usr/share/icons/gnome/24x24/apps/utilities-terminal.png path=/usr/bin/weston-terminal [launcher] icon=/usr/share/icons/hicolor/48x48/apps/firefox.png path=/usr/bin/firefox [output] name=X1 mode=640x800 transform=90 # wanna get mad? use: transform=flipped-270 scale=1 This weston.ini enables a rootless xwayland.so in weston. The [output] section with name=X1 defines weston's appearance as X client. transform=90 rotates the weston display.   the [launcher] sections can be used to create custom panel starters for your X applications. See  /usr/share/doc/weston/examples/weston.ini for more detailed information for further cases, I will attach in the future.

SW: Linux 4.14.98_2.2.0 bsp release , gpu sdk 5.3.0 and patch in this doc HW: i.MX8QXP MEK board Inspired by the GIMP adjust color curve tool,  I write similar gui test code for i.MX8QXP gamma curve tuning. That is on display will show one linear curve first, use mouse to change any part of this curve, after that calculate value of point on changed curve , then pass related value to i.MX8QXP DPU gammcor unit , at last the display effect will be changed by DPU. When test code start up , will draw Y=X curve on display, that will from (0,0) to (500, 500) to (1023,1023). After you use mouse drag some part of the curve, will generated a new point (x_new, y_new) which is not on original Y=X curve. Then need draw a new curve that pass  through the (0,0) , (500, 500) , (x_new, y_new), (1023,1023).  That new curve , i choose to use Catmull-Rom Splines to get it. Use Catmull-Rom Splines for approximate a curve that pass through n point, then need n+2 control point. Extra 2 point could be selected as you want ,and they will affect the shape of the curve. Catmull-Rom Splines could pass through all control point, it is C1 continuity, no convex hull property. For example, there is four control point p0, p1 , p2 , p3,  to draw the curve pass through all of them, it could divide to segment p0 to p1 , segment p1 to p2 , segment p2 to p3. For segment p1 to p2 , select four control point as p0,p1, p2, p3, use Catmull-Rom Splines as below: For segment p0 to p1 , need use four control point as p0, p0, p1, p2: For segment p2 to p3, need use four control point as p1, p2, p3, p3: In this test code,  i will use gpu vertex shader to calculate each segment of curve, then use transform feedback to read back point value of each segment to cpu side, cpu side will pass related value to DPU gammcor unit for gamma tuning.   Test steps: Apply 8qxp_dpu_gammacor_4.14.98_2.2.0.diff on linux-imx for i.MX8QXP DPU device driver. Apply dpu_gamma_curve_gpusdk5.3.0.diff on imx-gpu-sdk for build this gui test code. Update the new kernel image, and copy test code to rootfs. Run any other application first to draw some thing on screen, for example  /usr/share/cinematicexperience-1.0/Qt5_CinematicExperience. Then run gui test code in this code, S01_SimpleTriangle_Wayland. Then there will show one linear curve on display , use mouse to change the curve as you like by put mouse cursor close to the curve, press the mouse button , drag it and release the mouse button, you will see the new curve on display , and also the display effect also be changed. Reference: 1>https://www.nxp.com/products/processors-and-microcontrollers/arm-processors/i-mx-applications-processors/i-mx-8-processors/i-mx-8x-family-arm-cortex-a35-3d-graphics-4k-video-dsp-error-correcting-code-on-ddr:i.MX8X  2>https://www.nxp.com/design/software/embedded-software/linux-software-and-development-tools/embedded-linux-for-i-mx-applications-processors:IMXLINUX?tab=Design_Tools_Tab  3>https://github.com/NXPmicro/gtec-demo-framework  4>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubic_Hermite_spline  5>http://www.mvps.org/directx/articles/catmull

The init file is a key component of the Android boot sequence. It is a program to initialize the elements of the Android system.  Unlike Linux, Android uses its own initialization program. This Android init program processes 2 files, and it executes the commands it finds in both programs. These programs are: ‘init.rc’ and ‘init<machine name>.rc’ (this machine name is the name of the hardware that Android is running on). What does each program contain?: init.rc provides the generic initialization instructions init<machine name>.rc provides specific initialization instructions init<machine name>.rc is imported by the init.rc program. What is the syntax of these .rc files? The android init language consists of 4 classes of statements: Actions, Commands, Services and Options. Actions and Services declare new sections. All the commands or options belong to the section most recently declared. Actions and Services have to have unique names. If a second Action or Service has the same name of a previous one, it is ignored. Actions Actions are sequences of commands. They have a trigger which is used to determine when the action should occur. Actions take following form. On <trigger> <command> <command> <command>… Services Services are programs which init launches and (optionally) restart when it exists Services take the following form. Service <name> <patchname>  [argument] <option> <option>… Options Options are modifiers to services. These affect how and when init runs a service. Critical This is a device-critical service. If it exits more than four times in four minutes, the device will reboor into recovery mode. Disabled This service will not automatically start with its class. It must be explicitly started by name. Setenv <name> <value> Set the environment variable <name> to <value> in the launched process. User <username> Change to username before executing this service. Currently defaults to root. Group <groupname> [<groupname>] Change to groupname before executing this service. Oneshot Do not restart the service when it exists Class <name> Specify a class name for the service. All services in a named class may be started or stopped together. Onrestart Execute a command when service restarts Triggers Triggers are strings which can be used to match certain kinds of events and used to cause an action to occur. Boot This is the first trigger that will occur when init starts (after /init.conf is loaded) Commands: Exec <path> [<arguments>] Fork and execute a program (<path>). This will block until the program completes execution. Export <name> <value> Set the environment variable <name> equal to <value> in the global environment. Ifup <interface> Bring the network interface <interface> online. Import <filename> Parse and init config file, extending the current configuration. Hostname <name> Set the host name Chdir <directory> Change working directory Chmod <octal-dmoe> <path> Change file access permissions Chwon <owner> <group> <path> Change file owner and group Chroot <directory> Change process root directory Class_start <serviceclass> Start all services of the specified class if they are not already running. Class_stop <serviceclass> Stop all services of the specified class if they are currently running. Domainname <name> Set the domain name Enable <servicename> Turns a disabled service into an enabled one. Insmod <path> Install the module at <path> Mkdir <path> Create a directory at <path> Mount <type><device><dir> Attempt to mount the named device at the directory. Restorecon <path> Restore the file named by <path> to the security context specified in the file_contexts configuration. Setcon <securitycontext> set the current process security context to the specified string. Setenforce 0|1 Set the SELinux system wide enforcing status. 0 = permissive. 1 = enforcing. Setprop <name><value> Set system property <name> to <value> Setrlimit <resource><cur><max> Set the rlimit for a resource Setsebool <name><value> Set SELinux Boolean <name> to <value> Start <service> Start a service Stop <service> Stop a service Symlink <target><path> Create a symbolic link at <path> with the value <target> Trigger <event> Trigger an event. Used to queue an action from another action Wait <path> Poll for the existence of the given file and return when found. Write <path> <string> Open the file at <path> and write a string to it. Examples How to run a script: service my_service /data/test   class main   oneshot Here we are declaring the service named 'my service' with location in /data/test. It belongs to the main class and will start along with any other service that belongs with that class and we declare that the service wont restart when it exits (oneshot). Change file access permissions: chmod 0660   /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/tasks Here we are changing access permissions in path /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/tasks Write a string to a file in a path: write  /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/memory/memory.move_charge_at_immigrate   1 Create a symbolic link: symlink  /system/etc /etc Here we are creating a symbolic link to /system/etc -> /etc Set a specific density of the display: setprop ro.sf.lcd_density 240 Here we are setting a system property of 240 to ro.sf.lcd_density Set your watchdog timer to 30 seconds: service watchdog /sbin/watchdogd 10 20 class core We are petting the watchdog every 10 seconds to get a 20 second margin Change file owner: chown root system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq The new owner being 'root' from the group 'system'

Question: What exactly does the DTE/DCE interface in the i.MX6's UART module do and how are RTS and CTS affected by the UARTxUFCR[DTEDCE] bit? In i.MX6 RM, revision 1: Sections 64.2.1.2.1  (CTS) and 64.2.1.2.2 (RTS) both state that CTS and RTS change direction between DCE and DTE modes.  However, sections 64.4.3.1 (RTS_B) and 64.4.3.8 (CTS_B) state they do not change functions.  Is this a documentation error, or is there a difference between CTS/RTS and CTS_B/RTS_B? It appears that some of this is covered in the IOMUX daisy chain by switching which pins are connected to CTS and RTS. Answer: Example 1: UART1 in DTE mode. RTS is an output from the UART IP block so it must be routed to a CTS pin. Therefore, the SELECT_INPUT register could only use settings 00 or 10. Example 2: UART1 in DCE mode. RTS is an input to the UART IP block so it must be routed to an RTS pin. Therefore, the SELECT_INPUT register could only be set to 01 or 11. At this point, we have assumed that the internal signals connected to the UART block do not change direction.  We believe that DCEDTE from the UART block connects into the IOMUX logic and controls the direction of the PAD.  Then, the IOMUX INPUT_SELECT mux is used to choose one of four pads to connect to the UART inputs while the IMOUX MUX_CTRL connects the output path.  Further, we assume it is an error to connect the UART input to a pad configured as an output or a UART output to a pad configured as an input. The attached shows our assumptions For the Uart IP, the CTS_B is always an output and RTS_B always an input. But the RTS_B &CTS_B IO will be swapped  when UART operates in different DTE or DCE mode.  IO port DTE mode DCE mode direction Uart IP port(internal) direction Uart IP port(internal) UART_CTS_B O CTS_B I RTS_B UART_RTS_B I RTS_B O CTS_B UART_TXD O TXD I RXD UART_RXD I RXD O TXD Regarding how to configure the IOMUX, please see the attached PDF.

Important: If you have any questions or would like to report any issues with the DDR tools or supporting documents please create a support ticket in the  i.MX community. Please note that any private messages or direct emails are not monitored and will not receive a response. i.MX 8M Family DDR Tools Overview The i.MX 8M Family DDR Tool is a Windows-based software to help users to do LPDDR4/DDR4/DDR3L training, stress test and DDR initial code generation for u-boot SPL. This page contains the latest releases for the i.MX 8M Family DDR Tools and cover the following SoCs : i.MX 8M Quad and its derivatives i.MX 8M Quadlite and i.MX 8M Dual i.MX 8M Mini Quad and its derivatives i.MX 8M Mini Quadlite/Dual/DualLite/Solo/SoloLite  i.MX 8M Nano Quad and its derivatives i.MX 8M Nano Quadlite/Dual/DualLite/Solo/SoloLite  i.MX 8M Plus   NOTE: For the i.MX 8/8X Family of DDR tools please refer to the: i.MX 8/8X Family DDR Tools Release   The purpose of the i.MX 8M Family DDR Tools is to enable users to generate and test a custom DRAM initialization based on their device configuration (density, number of chip selects, etc.) and board layout (data bus bit swizzling, etc.).  This process equips the user to then proceed with the bring-up of a boot loader and an OS.  Once the OS is brought up, it is recommended to run an OS-based memory test (like Linux memtester) to further verify and test the DDR memory interface.     The i.MX 8M Family DDR Tools consist of: DDR Register Programming Aid (RPA) MSCALE DDR Tool   For more details regarding these DDR tools and their usage, refer to the i.MX 8M DDR Tools User Guide.   i.MX 8M Family DDR Tool    The i.MX 8M Family DDR stress test tool is a Windows-based software tool that is used as a mechanism to verify that the DDR initialization is operational for use with u-boot and OS bring-up. To install the DDR Stress Test, save and extract the zip file mscale_ddr_tool_vXXX_setup.exe.zip   (where 'xxx' is the current version number) and follow the on-screen installation instructions.     i.MX 8M Family DDR Tool Requirements   The tool requires access to the Windows registry, hence users must run it in administrator mode. When users design new i.MX 8M Family boards, please make sure to follow the rules outlined in the respective Hardware Developers Guide and the MSCALE_DDR_Tool_User_Guide, which can help users bring up DDR devices on their respective i.MX 8M boards.   i.MX 8M Family DDR Tool User Guide   The i.MX 8M DDR tool includes the document: MSCALE_DDR_Tool_User_Guide NOTE: Please read the MSCALE_DDR_Tool_User_Guide inside the package carefully before you use this tool.   i.MX8M DDR Tool Revision History   Rev Major Changes* (Features) Comments 3.31 Integration of the workaround for 8MQ ERR051273   3.30 Fix DBI enabled issue for all i.MX 8M series Automatically identify ROHM and PCA9450 PMICs on i.MX 8M Nano board Fix 4GB/8GB memory tester issues   3.20 Add support to i.MX 8M Plus   3.10 Fixe UART communication issues for some specific characters between the PC software and the target board. Fine-tune DDRPHY registers in generated C code.   3.00 Add support to i.MX8M-nano Add support to different PMIC or PMIC configuration Add support to stress test for all DDR frequency points RPA tools for Nano include support for DDR3L, DDR4, and LPDDR4.   Note that the DDR3L and LPDDR4 RPAs contain the name preliminary only to denote that these RPAs are based on internal NXP validation boards where the DDR4 RPA is based on the released EVK.   2.10 Change DDR4 capacity computing method   2.00 Add support to i.MX8M-mini   * Further details available in the release notes   Sample configuration in the .ds script for i.MX 8M debug UART2: ################step 0: configure debug uart port. Assumes use of UART IO Pads.   ##### ##### If using non-UART pads (i.e. using other pads to mux out the UART signals), ##### ##### then it is up to the user to overwrite the following IO register settings   ##### memory set 0x3033023C 32 0x00000000 #IOMUXC_SW_MUX_UART2_RXD memory set 0x30330240 32 0x00000000 #IOMUXC_SW_MUX_UART2_TXD memory set 0x303304A4 32 0x0000000E #IOMUXC_SW_PAD_UART2_RXD memory set 0x303304A8 32 0x0000000E #IOMUXC_SW_PAD_UART2_TXD memory set 0x303304FC 32 0x00000000 #IOMUXC_SW_MUX_UART2_SEL_RXD sysparam set debug_uart   1 #UART index from 0 ('0' = UART1, '1' = UART2, '2' = UART3, '3' = UART4)   Sample configuration in the front of the .ds script for i.MX 8M debug UART3  ################step 0: configure debug uart port. Assumes use of UART IO Pads.   ##### ##### If using non-UART pads (i.e. using other pads to mux out the UART signals), ##### ##### then it is up to the user to overwrite the following IO register settings   ##### memory set 0x30330244 32 0x00000000 #IOMUXC_SW_MUX_UART3_RXD memory set 0x30330248 32 0x00000000 #IOMUXC_SW_MUX_UART3_TXD memory set 0x303304AC 32 0x0000000E #IOMUXC_SW_PAD_UART3_RXD memory set 0x303304B0 32 0x0000000E #IOMUXC_SW_PAD_UART3_TXD memory set 0x30330504 32 0x00000002 #IOMUXC_SW_MUX_UART3_SEL_RXD sysparam set debug_uart   2 #UART index from 0 ('0' = UART1, '1' = UART2, '2' = UART3, '3' = UART4)   Sample configuration in the front of the .ds script for i.MX 8M Mini PMIC configuration: ##############step 0.5: configure I2C port IO pads according to your PCB design.   ##### ########### You can modify the following instructions to adapt to your board PMIC ####### memory set 0x30330214 32 0x00000010  #IOMUXC_SW_MUX_I2C1_SCL memory set 0x30330218 32 0x00000010  #IOMUXC_SW_MUX_I2C1_SDA memory set 0x3033047C 32 0x000000C6 #IOMUXC_SW_PAD_I2C1_SCL memory set 0x30330480 32 0x000000C6  #IOMUXC_SW_PAD_I2C1_SDA sysparam set pmic_cfg 0x004B #bit[7:0] = PMIC addr,bit[15:8]=I2C Bus. Bus index from 0 ('0' = I2C1, '1' = I2C2, '2' = I2C3, '3' = I2C4) sysparam set pmic_set 0x2F01 #bit[7:0] = Reg val, bit[15:8]=Reg addr. #REG(0x2F) = 0x01 sysparam set pmic_set 0x0C02   #REG(0x0C) = 0x02 sysparam set pmic_set 0x171E   #REG(0x17) = 0x1E sysparam set pmic_set 0x0C00   #REG(0x0C) = 0x00 sysparam set pmic_set 0x2F11    #REG(0x2F)=0x11     i.MX 8M Family DDR Register Programming Aid (RPA) The i.MX 8M DDR RPA (or simply RPA) is an Excel spreadsheet tool used to develop DDR initialization for a user’s specific DDR configuration (DDR device type, density, etc.). The RPA generates the DDR initialization(in a separate Excel worksheet tab):   DDR Stress Test Script: This format is used specifically with the DDR stress test by first copying the contents in this worksheet tab and then pasting it to a text file, naming the document with the “.ds” file extension. The user will select this file when executing the DDR stress test. The How to Use Excel worksheet tab provides instructions on using the RPA   i.MX 8M Family DDR Register Programming Aid (RPA): Current Versions To obtain the latest RPAs, please refer to the following links (note, existing RPAs have been removed from this main page and moved to the SoC specific links below): i.MX 8M Quad : https://community.nxp.com/t5/i-MX-Processors-Knowledge-Base/i-MX8M-m850D-DDR-Register-Programming-Aid-RPA/ta-p/1172441 i.MX 8M Mini : https://community.nxp.com/t5/i-MX-Processors-Knowledge-Base/i-MX8MMini-m845S-DDR-Register-Programming-Aid-RPA/ta-p/1172443 i.MX 8M Nano: https://community.nxp.com/t5/i-MX-Processors-Knowledge-Base/i-MX8MNano-m815S-DDR-Register-Programming-Aid-RPA/ta-p/1172444 i.MX 8M Plus: https://community.nxp.com/t5/i-MX-Processors-Knowledge-Base/i-MX-8MPlus-m865S-DDR-Register-Programming-Aids-RPA/ta-p/1235352   Processor Mask Revisions Memory Supported Latest RPA Version * i.MX 8M Quad & Derivatives All LPDDR4 Rev 33 i.MX 8M Quad & Derivatives All DDR4 Rev 18 i.MX 8M Quad & Derivatives All DDR3L Rev 9 i.MX 8M Mini & Derivatives A0 LPDDR4 Rev 22 i.MX 8M Mini & Derivatives A0 DDR4 Rev 21 i.MX 8M Mini & Derivatives A0 DDR3L Rev 10 i.MX 8M Nano & Derivatives A0 LPDDR4 Rev 9 i.MX 8M Nano & Derivatives A0 DDR4 Rev 12 i.MX 8M Nano & Derivatives A0 DDR3L Rev 6 i.MX 8M Plus & Derivatives A1 LPDDR4 Rev 9 i.MX 8M Plus & Derivatives A1 DDR4 Rev 9 * For the details about the updates, please refer to the Revision History tab of the respective RPA.    To modify the DRAM Frequency for a custom setting refer to iMX 8M Mini Register Programming Aid DRAM PLL setting    Related Resources Links: iMX 8M Mini Register Programming Aid DRAM PLL setting  i.MX 8/8X Series DDR Tool Release  i.MX 6/7 DDR Stress test GUI Tool i.MX 8M Application Processor Related Resources i.MX8M (m850D) DDR Register Programming Aid (RPA)  i.MX8MMini (m845S) DDR Register Programming Aid (RPA)  i.MX8MNano (m815S) DDR Register Programming Aid (RPA) i.MX 8MPlus (m865S) DDR Register Programming Aids (RPA)   i.MX 8ULP DDR tools: i.MX Software and Development Tools | NXP Semiconductors Scroll down to “Other Resources --> Tools --> DDR Tools”  

  Just sharing some experiences during the development and studying.   Although, it appears some hardwares, it focuses on software to speed up your developing on your  hardware.     杂记共享一下在开发和学习过程中的经验。    虽然涉及一些硬件，但其本身关注软件，希望这些能加速您在自己硬件上的开发。 07/25/2024 iMX secondary boot collection https://community.nxp.com/t5/i-MX-Processors-Knowledge-Base/iMX-secondary-boot-collection/ta-p/1916915   07/25/2024 HSM Code-Signing Journey https://community.nxp.com/t5/i-MX-Processors-Knowledge-Base/HSM-Code-Signing-Journey/ta-p/1882244 25JUL2024 - add pkcs11 proxy                         HSM Code-Signing Journey_25JUL2024.pdf                          HSM Code-Signing Journey_25JUL2024.txt   06/06/2024 HSM Code-Signing Journey https://community.nxp.com/t5/i-MX-Processors-Knowledge-Base/HSM-Code-Signing-Journey/ta-p/1882244     02/07/2024 Device Tree Standalone Compile under Windows https://community.nxp.com/t5/i-MX-Processors-Knowledge-Base/Device-Tree-Standalone-Compile-under-Windows/ta-p/1855271   02/07/2024 i.MX8X security overview and AHAB deep dive i.MX8X security overview and AHAB deep dive - NXP Community   11/23/2023 “Standalone” Compile Device Tree https://community.nxp.com/t5/i-MX-Processors-Knowledge-Base/Standalone-Compile-Device-Tree/ta-p/1762373     10/26/2023 Linux Dynamic Debug https://community.nxp.com/t5/i-MX-Processors-Knowledge-Base/Linux-Dynamic-Debug/ta-p/1746611   08/10/2023 u-boot environment preset for sdcard mirror u-boot environment preset for sdcard mirror - NXP Community   06/06/2023 all(bootloader, device tree, Linux kernel, rootfs) in spi nor demo imx8qxpc0 mek all(bootloader, device tree, Linux kernel, rootfs)... - NXP Community     09/26/2022 parseIVT - a script to help i.MX6 Code Signing parseIVT - a script to help i.MX6 Code Signing - NXP Community   Provide  run under windows   09/16/2022   create sdcard mirror under windows create sdcard mirror under windows - NXP Community     08/03/2022   i.MX8MM SDCARD Secondary Boot Demo https://community.nxp.com/t5/i-MX-Processors-Knowledge-Base/i-MX8MM-SDCARD-Secondary-Boot-Demo/ta-p/1500011     02/16/2022 mx8_ddr_stress_test without UI   https://community.nxp.com/t5/i-MX-Processors-Knowledge-Base/mx8-ddr-stress-test-without-UI/ta-p/1414090   12/23/2021 i.MX8 i.MX8X Board Reset https://community.nxp.com/t5/i-MX-Processors-Knowledge-Base/i-MX8-i-MX8X-Board-Reset/ta-p/1391130       12/21/2021 regulator userspace-consumer https://community.nxp.com/t5/i-MX-Processors-Knowledge-Base/regulator-userspace-consumer/ta-p/1389948     11/24/2021 crypto af_alg blackkey demo crypto af_alg blackkey demo - NXP Community   09/28/2021 u-boot runtime modify Linux device tree(dtb) u-boot runtime modify Linux device tree(dtb) - NXP Community     08/17/2021 gpio-poweroff demo https://community.nxp.com/t5/i-MX-Processors-Knowledge-Base/gpio-poweroff-demo/ta-p/1324306         08/04/2021 How to use gpio-hog demo https://community.nxp.com/t5/i-MX-Processors-Knowledge-Base/How-to-use-gpio-hog-demo/ta-p/1317709       07/14/2021 SWUpdate OTA i.MX8MM EVK / i.MX8QXP MEK https://community.nxp.com/t5/i-MX-Processors-Knowledge-Base/SWUpdate-OTA-i-MX8MM-EVK-i-MX8QXP-MEK/ta-p/1307416     04/07/2021 i.MX8QXP eMMC Secondary Boot https://community.nxp.com/t5/i-MX-Community-Articles/i-MX8QXP-eMMC-Secondary-Boot/ba-p/1257704#M45       03/25/2021 sc_misc_board_ioctl to access the M4 partition from A core side sc_misc_board_ioctl to access the M4 partition fr... - NXP Community     03/17/2021 How to Changei.MX8X MEK+Base Board  Linux Debug UART https://community.nxp.com/t5/i-MX-Community-Articles/How-to-Change-i-MX8X-MEK-Base-Board-Linux-Debug-UART/ba-p/1246779#M43     03/16/2021 How to Change i.MX8MM evk Linux Debug UART https://community.nxp.com/t5/i-MX-Community-Articles/How-to-Change-i-MX8MM-evk-Linux-Debug-UART/ba-p/1243938#M40       05/06/2020 Linux fw_printenv fw_setenv to access U-Boot's environment variables Linux fw_printenv fw_setenv to access U-Boot's env... - NXP Community     03/30/2020 i.MX6 DDR calibration/stress for Mass Production https://community.nxp.com/docs/DOC-346065     03/25/2020 parseIVT - a script to help i.MX6 Code Signing https://community.nxp.com/docs/DOC-345998     02/17/2020 Start your machine learning journey from tensorflow playground Start your machine learning journey from tensorflow playground      01/15/2020 How to add  iMX8QXP PAD（GPIO) Wakeup How to add iMX8QXP PAD（GPIO) Wakeup    01/09/2020 Understand iMX8QX Hardware Partitioning By Making M4 Hello world Running Correctly https://community.nxp.com/docs/DOC-345359   09/29/2019 Docker On i.MX6UL With Ubuntu16.04 https://community.nxp.com/docs/DOC-344462   09/25/2019 Docker On i.MX8MM With Ubuntu https://community.nxp.com/docs/DOC-344473 Docker On i.MX8QXP With Ubuntu https://community.nxp.com/docs/DOC-344474     08/28/2019 eMMC5.0 vs eMMC5.1 https://community.nxp.com/docs/DOC-344265     05/24/2019 How to upgrade  Linux Kernel and dtb on eMMC without UUU How to upgrade Linux Kernel and dtb on eMMC without UUU     04/12/2019 eMMC RPMB Enhance and GP https://community.nxp.com/docs/DOC-343116   04/04/2019 How to Dump a GPT SDCard Mirror(Android O SDCard Mirror) https://community.nxp.com/docs/DOC-343079   04/04/2019 i.MX Create Android SDCard Mirror https://community.nxp.com/docs/DOC-343078   04/02/2019: i.MX Linux Binary_Demo Files Tips  https://community.nxp.com/docs/DOC-343075   04/02/2019:       Update Set fast boot        eMMC_RPMB_Enhance_and_GP.pdf   02/28/2019: imx_builder --- standalone build without Yocto https://community.nxp.com/docs/DOC-342702   08/10/2018: i.MX6SX M4 MPU Settings For RPMSG update    Update slide CMA Arrangement Consideration i.MX6SX_M4_MPU_Settings_For_RPMSG_08102018.pdf   07/26/2018 Understand ML With Simplest Code https://community.nxp.com/docs/DOC-341099     04/23/2018:     i.MX8M Standalone Build     i.MX8M Standalone Build.pdf     04/13/2018:      i.MX6SX M4 MPU Settings For RPMSG  update            Add slide CMA Arrangement  Consideration     i.MX6SX_M4_MPU_Settings_For_RPMSG_04132018.pdf   09/05/2017:       Update eMMC RPMB, Enhance  and GP       eMMC_RPMB_Enhance_and_GP.pdf 09/01/2017:       eMMC RPMB, Enhance  and GP       eMMC_RPMB_Enhance_and_GP.pdf 08/30/2017:     Dual LVDS for High Resolution Display(For i.MX6DQ/DLS)     Dual LVDS for High Resolution Display.pdf 08/27/2017:  L3.14.28 Ottbox Porting Notes:         L3.14.28_Ottbox_Porting_Notes-20150805-2.pdf MFGTool Uboot Share With the Normal Run One:        MFGTool_Uboot_share_with_NormalRun_sourceCode.pdf Mass Production with programmer        Mass_Production_with_NAND_programmer.pdf        Mass_Production_with_emmc_programmer.pdf AndroidSDCARDMirrorCreator https://community.nxp.com/docs/DOC-329596 L3.10.53 PianoPI Porting Note        L3.10.53_PianoPI_PortingNote_151102.pdf Audio Codec WM8960 Porting L3.10.53 PianoPI        AudioCodec_WM8960_Porting_L3.10.53_PianoPI_151012.pdf TouchScreen PianoPI Porting Note         TouchScreen_PianoPI_PortingNote_151103.pdf Accessing GPIO From UserSpace        Accessing_GPIO_From_UserSpace.pdf        https://community.nxp.com/docs/DOC-343344 FreeRTOS for i.MX6SX        FreeRTOS for i.MX6SX.pdf i.MX6SX M4 fastup        i.MX6SX M4 fastup.pdf i.MX6 SDCARD Secondary Boot Demo        i.MX6_SDCARD_Secondary_Boot_Demo.pdf i.MX6SX M4 MPU Settings For RPMSG        i.MX6SX_M4_MPU_Settings_For_RPMSG_10082016.pdf Security        Security03172017.pdf    NOT related to i.MX, only a short memo

Tool: VMware Workstation Player Linux Distribution : Ubuntu 16.04 1. Create the VM in VMware Workstation. 2. Select the .iso file to install the Ubuntu 16.04 in the VM. 3. In "Specify Disk Capacity", I recommend the disk size is 200GB. 4. Then click "Finish" to create the VM. 5. If you have local mirror sources, change the source in /etc/apt/source.list. This will speed up a lot when you download the Linux packages and software. 6. Type these two commands to update the Ubuntu system. - sudo apt-get update - sudo apt-get upgrade 7. Install Yocto Project host packages $ sudo apt-get install gawk wget git-core diffstat unzip texinfo gcc-multilib build-essential chrpath socat libsdl1.2-dev $ sudo apt-get install libsdl1.2-dev xterm sed cvs subversion coreutils texi2html docbook-utils python-pysqlite2 help2man make gcc g++ desktop-file-utils libgl1-mesa-dev libglu1-mesa-dev mercurial autoconf automake groff curl lzop asciidoc u-boot-tools 8.Install the repo a. Create a bin folder in the home directory. $ mkdir ~/bin (this step may not be needed if the bin folder already exists) $ curl https://storage.googleapis.com/git-repo-downloads/repo > ~/bin/repo $ chmod a+x ~/bin/repo b. Add the following line to the .bashrc file to ensure that the ~/bin folder is in your PATH variable. export PATH=~/bin:$PATH If you cannot download the repo from google, please try this one: Git Repo | 镜像站使用帮助 | 清华大学开源软件镜像站 | Tsinghua Open Source Mirror  9. Yocto project setup $ mkdir imx-yocto-bsp $ cd imx-yocto-bsp $ repo init -u https://source.codeaurora.org/external/imx/imx-manifest -b imx-linux-sumo -m imx-4.14.98-2.0.0_ga.xml $ repo sync 10. Building an image The syntax for the fsl-setup-release.sh script is shown below. $ DISTRO=<distro name> MACHINE=<machine name> source fsl-setup-release.sh -b <build dir> $ DISTRO=fsl-imx-xwayland MACHINE=imx8qxpmek source fsl-setup-release.sh -b build-xwayland $ bitbake fsl-image-qt5-validation-imx or $ bitbake core-image-full-cmdline (smaller size of rootfs) (for more examples, please refer to the i.MX_Yocto_Project_User's_Guide.pdf) 11. U-boot and Kernel Source code in Yocto u-boot : imx-yocto-bsp/build-xwayland/tmp/work/<board_name>/u-boot-imx kernel : imx-yocto-bsp/build-xwayland/tmp/work/<board_name>/linux-imx 12. Deploy folder of the images imx-yocto-bsp/build-xwayland/tmp/deploy/images/<board_name> Some useful commands for your information: 1. Kernel Menuconfig $ bitbake linux-imx -c menuconfig 2. Rebuild the u-boot and kernel source code $ bitbake u-boot-imx -c compile -f $ bitbake linux-imx -c compile -f 3. Rebuild the whole project to generate the images to deploy folder again for example, if you build the fsl-image-qt5-validation-imx before , then type this: $ bitbake fsl-image-qt5-validation-imx -f Reference: (1) Download the BSP and the Documentation   :  i.MX Software | NXP 

This is a simple document  explaining the basics of creating a new layer within a Yocto BSP. We will be using the latest i.MX6 Linux BSP as reference, but the same logics apply to any Yocto Project BSP including the Community BSP. If you are new to Yocto it is recommended to go through the following very informative Training which is focused on the FSL Community BSP but covers the basics of Yocto step-by-step in a very clear and concise manner. Yocto Training - HOME Requirements - L4.1.15 BSP Release for the i.MX6 family of processors installed on the host. For more information on requirements for the Host please refer to the Yocto User’s Guide available as part of the Linux BSP Document Bundle (available on the link below) http://www.nxp.com/products/microcontrollers-and-processors/arm-processors/i.mx-applications-processors/embedded-linux-for-i.mx-applications-processors:IMXLINUX?code=IMXLINUX -tree tool for the host, to see the directory format of the different layers. You may install it with the following command: sudo apt-get install tree - We will work with the bitbake environment so this needs to be initialized in our terminal. Introduction to layers in Yocto Layers in Yocto allow us to organize the long list of providers and to easily customize for our target hardware while reusing a lot of tools already available. It also makes it easy to distribute our customizable source code trough a unique layer. Once your environment is setup you can see the layers that compose the BSP using the command: bitbake-layers show-layers The layers that constitute out BSP will be displayed along with the path and priority of each. Layer Priority: Each layer has a priority, which is used by bitbake to decide which layer takes precedence if there are recipe files with the same name in multiple layers. A higher numeric value represents a higher priority. We can see that the poky and open embedded layers have a lower priority than those than the BSP and SDK layers as the later sit on top of the former. The general layout of a BSP is shown on the image below. If you would like to have a better look at the distinctive Layers that make up the Yocto BSP Release and the FSL Community Release please look at the Yocto Project Layers Mind Map available on the following link: YOCTO PROJECT LAYERS MIND MAP Adding an empty layer and a new recipe There are a couple of scripts available as part of the Open embedded tools that allows for easy creation of a new layer and recipe. Layers are basically a group of directories and meta data in configuration and recipe files (which contains metadata as text), so you may create these directories and meta data files by hand. However, it’s always easier to use the new layer script in order to create the required structure and then fill in with our customized configuration. cd <BSP_DIR>/sources ./poky/scripts/yocto-layer create <NEW_LAYER_NAME> We’ll name the new layer “new-layer” as shown below: ./poky/scripts/yocto-layer create new-layer We’ll be asked to enter le layer priority, we’ll keep the default 6 but you may want a higher priority depending on your application. You may opt for an example recipe to be created on your new layer.  We’ll leave this example recipe with the default settings. You may see the structure of the new layer by using the following command: tree -L 4 ./meta-new-layer Basic requirements of a layer - It is not a must but it’s strongly recommended to have the name of the layer start with “meta-“, the Poky new layer script uses this naming convention. - A README with information regarding what’s contained in the layer and any dependencies - A COPYING file with the copyright and use notice for the hardware in the new layer. - A conf folder which contains the layer’s configuration (.conf) files. Adding the layer to our BSP Once the layer has been created it’s necessary to add it to the list of Layers that make up the BSP so Bitbake can locate it and parse the metadata contained within it, in other words, you must make the build system aware of your new layer. In order to enable your layer you need to add the layer’s path to the BBLAYERS variable in the conf/bblayers.conf file which is found on the build directory. Please note that you will need to add your layer to each build directory in which you want to use it. We can add the following line to add our new layer. BBLAYERS += " ${BSPDIR}/sources/meta-new-layer " After doing so we’ll see that our layer is now listed when we run show-layers in bitbake-layers. bitbake-layers show-layers Adding a new recipe The new layer script also creates a basic recipe. It is recommended to look for recipes similar to what we need and use them as a template or starting point, as part of the benefits of Yocto is to be able to reuse a lot of open sourced code and resources. If there are many versions of the same recipe the default behavior is to use the recipe contained in the highest priority layer even if it’s not the higher version of the recipe. If you would want to force bitbake to use a certain version you may use the following variable on the local.conf file. PREFERRED_VERSION_recipename Main requirements of a recipe: SRC_URI which points to the location of the source code SRC_REV if applicable it would correspond to a particular commit or branch from the source code repository LICENSE a variable that defines the type of license to bitbake LIC_FILES_CHKSUM should point to a file within the source tree that corresponds to the md5 check-sum of the license file so it can be verified. Adding an append to a recipe You may also select the option to have the script create an append file. The append files allow us to change an existing recipe. The name of the file must be the same as the original recipe plus the append suffix (.bbappend) and should be located on the same path as the original recipe but in our own layer. The append file can be described as a piece of code or metadata that is added to the end of the original recipe. If there are more than one append files for a particular recipe all of them will be joined in reverse priority, that is, the highest priority layer’s bbappend will be added last. Appendix. Useful References FSL Community BSP Yocto Training - HOME Yocto Project Board Support Package Developer's Guide

This document intends to provide an overview of the i.MX8 Boot process and walk you through the process of creating a bootable image.   Boot process Coming out of a reset state the i.MX8 ROM (firmware that is stored in non-volatile memory of the i.MX8) reads the boot mode pins to determine the boot media/device that will be used. The i.MX8 can boot out of the following boot devices: eMMC/SD card FlexSPI Flash NAND Serial Download Protocol (USB) - This is used in manufacturing mode to bring-up a board by downloading an image to RAM and then flashing the on-board boot device.   The following table indicates the available options on a i.MX8QXP, the i.MX8 reads the boot mode pads and based in the configuration selects the desired boot device.   Once the boot device has been identified, ROM configures the boot media and attempts to read the image from a predefined address in the boot device, the following table shows the addresses where the image is expected to be on different boot devices. ROM loads data from the predefined addresses above (depending on the selected boot device) to the System Controller Unit (SCU) internal memory (tightly coupled memory) and parses it to find the image container. It can also boot by downloading an image through USB.   The image container has all the information needed to load all the images to the system, the first images that get loaded are the System Controller Firmware (SCFW) and Security Controller Firmware (SECO). The SECO FW needs to be loaded to refresh the watchdog timer (kick the dog) in the device, if the SECO FW is not loaded before the watchdog expires the device will reset, this usually happens when the device fails to fetch a valid image from the boot media.   Once the SCFW is loaded, ROM jumps to it and starts executing it. The SCFW then initializes the DDR and starts loading the images for the Cortex-M4 (optional) and the Cortex-A cores (optional). Once the images are loaded to their destination memory the SCFW boots the cores and sets them in their start address.   Creating a bootable image As a recap a bootable image is comprised of as minimum the System Controller Firmware and the Security Controller Firmware, optionally it can contain images for the Cortex M4 cores (if more than one available as in the case of QM devices) and Cortex A cores. It is possible to boot an image that only contains the SCFW and SECO FW, this could be useful in the first stages of porting the SCFW to the target board. It is also possible to boot an image with only the Cortex-M4 image (baremetal, FreeRTOS, AutoSAR...), only the Cortex-A image (U-boot or any bootloader) or both Cortex-M4 and Cortex-A images.   Mkimage tool The tool in charge of merging all these images and creating a bootable image for the i.MX8 is called mkimage, and can be obtained in source form in the following repository: https://github.com/nxp-imx/imx-mkimage mkimage is only supported in Linux So the first step is to clone the mkimage repository into our machine and checkout the latest branch, at the time of writing this document the latest release is 4.14.98_02: git clone https://source.codeaurora.org/external/imx/imx-mkimage cd imx-mkimage git checkout imx_4.14.98_2.0.0_ga‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ You should now be able to see the following folders:   Getting the SCFW Now that you have the mkimage tool you need some actual images to work with, if you are using a custom board you might need to port the SCFW and DDR configuration files for it (depending on how close it follows NXP's reference board).   The following is a compendium of documents on the basics of the SCFW and how to build it from scratch you can go there if you need help getting started with the porting process: https://community.nxp.com/docs/DOC-342654   If you are trying this on one of NXP's reference board you can use a pre-built SCFW binary, this can be obtained through the building process of the Yocto project or by downloading the porting kit and following these steps: Dowload SCFW binaries for release 4.14.98_02 here. chmod a+x imx-sc-firmware-1.2.bin ./imx-sc-firmware-1.2.bin‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ You will prompted to accept a license agreement and after that the binaries will be extracted:   Getting the SECO FW The Security Controller Firmware is only distributed in binary form and can be obtained from the NXP website. Download SECO FW binaries for release 4.14.98_02 here. chmod a+x firmware-imx-8.1.bin ./firmware-imx-8.1.bin‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ You will prompted to accept a license agreement and after that the binaries will be extracted: The SECO FW is under firmware/seco mx8qm-ahab-container.img -----> SECO FW for QM devices mx8qx-ahab-container.img ------> SECO FW for QXP devices   Getting an image for the Cortex-M4 The image for the Cortex-M4 can be generated using the SDK: https://mcuxpresso.nxp.com/en/select Just select the device you are working with and click Build MCUXpresso SDK, then you will prompted to select your IDE and host. Click on Download SDK and a compressed file containing the SDK will be dowloaded to your computer. Now you only need to uncompress the file and follow the steps in the getting started document to generate the image.  The getting started document includes steps to setup the toolchain and build an image for the M4. An M4 binary for the QM and QXP MEKs is also attached in this document, the example outputs a hello world message on the M4 terminal. Getting an image for the Cortex-A  The bootloader for the Cortex-A cores can be obtained through the Yocto BSP: The steps on generating the image for the 4.14.98 release can be found here: https://www.nxp.com/webapp/Download?colCode=imx-yocto-L4.14.98_2.0.0_ga    Some more details on the Yocto BSP can be found here: https://community.nxp.com/docs/DOC-94849   All the required binaries to create a bootable image for the Cortex-A cores on the MEK platforms are attached here.   Building a bootable image Once all the required pieces have been built/obtained, the bootable image can be created. The SCFW, SECO FW and respective Cortex-M4/A images need to be copied to the folder for the target device, i.e. if you are building an image for an i.MX8QX variant copy the binaries for that variant to its folder:   Here is a list of the required files to build a bootable image: scfw_tcm.bin -------------------------------------------- System Controller Firmware binary for the target board mx8qm(qx)-ahab-container.image ---------------- Security Controller Firmware for the QM or QXP variants bl31.bin --------------------------------------------------- ARM Trusted Firmware binary (Required if using u-boot with ATF) Only needed to create Cortex-A image with u-boot u-boot.bin ------------------------------------------------ U-boot binary (optional) m4_image ----------------------------------------------- M4 binary image, the QM variant has 2 Cortex-M4s and in this case to M4 binaries might be required (optional)   Once the required binaries have been copied to the desired variant folder (QXP or QM in this example), you are ready to start building some images.   All the targets for building different images are defined on the soc.mak file contained in each folder, this file contains different examples for creating a lot of the supported bootable images.   Creating a SCFW only image The target used to create a SCFW only image is flash_b0_scfw and it is defined under the soc.mak file of each variant. To invoke this target for QXP from the imx-mkimage directory: make SOC=iMX8QX flash_b0_scfw‍‍‍ To invoke this target for QM from the imx-mkimage directory: make SOC=iMX8QM flash_b0_scfw‍‍‍   The target definition for flash_b0_scfw can be seen below. Definition for QXP: flash_scfw flash_b0_scfw: $(MKIMG) mx8qx-ahab-container.img scfw_tcm.bin ./$(MKIMG) -soc QX -rev B0 -dcd skip -append mx8qx-ahab-container.img -c -scfw scfw_tcm.bin -out flash.bin ‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ Definition for QM: flash_b0_scfw: $(MKIMG) mx8qm-ahab-container.img scfw_tcm.bin ./$(MKIMG) -soc QM -rev B0 -dcd skip -append mx8qm-ahab-container.img -c -scfw scfw_tcm.bin -out flash.bin‍‍‍‍‍‍   Creating a Cortex-A image only The target used to create a Cortex-A image only is called flash_b0. To invoke this target for QXP from the imx-mkimage directory: make SOC=iMX8QX flash_b0 ‍‍‍ To invoke this target for QM from the imx-mkimage directory: make SOC=iMX8QM flash_b0‍ ‍‍‍ The target definition for flash_b0 can be seen below. Definition for QXP:   flash flash_b0: $(MKIMG) mx8qx-ahab-container.img scfw_tcm.bin u-boot-atf.bin ./$(MKIMG) -soc QX -rev B0 -append mx8qx-ahab-container.img -c -scfw scfw_tcm.bin -ap u-boot-atf.bin a35 0x80000000 -out flash.bin‍‍‍‍ Definition for QM:   flash_b0: $(MKIMG) mx8qm-ahab-container.img scfw_tcm.bin u-boot-atf.bin ./$(MKIMG) -soc QM -rev B0 -append mx8qm-ahab-container.img -c -scfw scfw_tcm.bin -ap u-boot-atf.bin a53 0x80000000 -out flash.bin‍‍‍‍   Creating a Cortex-M4 image only The target used to create a Cortex-m4 image only is called flash_b0_cm4 on QXP and QM has different targets since there are two M4s available in the system. To invoke this target for QXP from the imx-mkimage directory: make SOC=iMX8QX flash_b0_cm4‍‍ To invoke this target for QM from the imx-mkimage directory: // For Cortex-M4_0 only make SOC=iMX8QM flash_b0‍_cm4‍_0 // For Cortex-M4_1 only make SOC=iMX8QM flash_b0‍_cm4‍_1 // For both Cortex-M4_0 and Cortex-M4_1 make SOC=iMX8QM flash_b0‍_m4‍s_tcm ‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍   The target definition for flash_b0_cm4 can be seen below. Definition for QXP: flash_cm4 flash_b0_cm4: $(MKIMG) mx8qx-ahab-container.img scfw_tcm.bin m4_image.bin ./$(MKIMG) -soc QX -rev B0 -append mx8qx-ahab-container.img -c -scfw scfw_tcm.bin -p1 -m4 m4_image.bin 0 0x34FE0000 -out flash.bin‍‍‍‍ Definitions for QM: flash_b0_cm4_0: $(MKIMG) mx8qm-ahab-container.img scfw_tcm.bin m4_image.bin ./$(MKIMG) -soc QM -rev B0 -dcd skip -append mx8qm-ahab-container.img -c -scfw scfw_tcm.bin -p1 -m4 m4_image.bin 0 0x34FE0000 -out flash.bin flash_b0_cm4_1: $(MKIMG) mx8qm-ahab-container.img scfw_tcm.bin m4_image.bin ./$(MKIMG) -soc QM -rev B0 -dcd skip -append mx8qm-ahab-container.img -c -scfw scfw_tcm.bin -p1 -m4 m4_image.bin 1 0x38FE0000 -out flash.bin flash_b0_m4s_tcm: $(MKIMG) mx8qm-ahab-container.img scfw_tcm.bin m40_tcm.bin m41_tcm.bin ./$(MKIMG) -soc QM -rev B0 -dcd skip -append mx8qm-ahab-container.img -c -scfw scfw_tcm.bin -p1 -m4 m40_tcm.bin 0 0x34FE0000 -m4 m41_tcm.bin 1 0x38FE0000 -out flash.bin‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍   The examples above are for M4 images booting from TCM, the M4 is capable of booting and executing from DDR and it is also able to XIP (execute in place) from SPI memory, for examples on this targets please look at the soc.mak for the desired variant. Creating an image with both Cortex-A and Cortex-M4 images The target used to create an image with software for all the cores is called flash_linux_m4. To invoke this target for QXP from the imx-mkimage directory: make SOC=iMX8QX flash_linux_m4‍ ‍ To invoke this target for QM from the imx-mkimage directory: make SOC=iMX8QM flash_linux_m4‍ ‍ The target definition for flash_linux_m4 can be seen below. Definition for QXP: flash_linux_m4: $(MKIMG) mx8qx-ahab-container.img scfw_tcm.bin u-boot-atf.bin m4_image.bin ./$(MKIMG) -soc QX -rev B0 -append mx8qx-ahab-container.img -c -flags 0x00200000 -scfw scfw_tcm.bin -ap u-boot-atf.bin a35 0x80000000 -p3 -m4 m4_image.bin 0 0x34FE0000 -out flash.bin‍‍   Definition for QM: flash_linux_m4: $(MKIMG) mx8qm-ahab-container.img scfw_tcm.bin u-boot-atf.bin m4_0_image.bin m4_1_image.bin ./$(MKIMG) -soc QM -rev B0 -append mx8qm-ahab-container.img -c -flags 0x00200000 -scfw scfw_tcm.bin -ap u-boot-atf.bin a53 0x80000000 -p3 -m4 m4_0_image.bin 0 0x34FE0000 -p4 -m4 m4_1_image.bin 1 0x38FE0000 -out flash.bin‍‍     Flash image This will create a bootable image named flash.bin, to flash this image to the SD card and boot it on your MEK simply do: sudo dd if=iMX8QX/flash.bin of=/dev/mmcblkX bs=1k seek=32‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ If the desired target is a QM variant change if=iMX8QX... to if=iMX8QM. Then match your SD card device on "of=/dev/mmcblkX" you can see how your SD card enumerates by typing lsblk on your console before and after inserting your SD card. Remember from the information above that the i.MX8 will search for the image at 32k on the SD card, that is why we are flashing it there. For more examples please look at the soc.mak file, it includes examples for different boot media (NAND/QSPI) as well as different configurations and usage.   Additional resources Reference Manual Chapter 5 System Boot SCFW API and Port document imx-mkimage README System Controller Firmware 101