This article describes how to use the tcpdump tool to capture wireless network data packets. The test block diagram is as follows: For more detailed information, See attachment,please!   NXP CAS-TIC Wireless MCU team Weidong Sun

This example of custom profile uses the Temperature Sensor and Temperature Collector examples as a base, so it can be easily modified. Both examples are in the SDK, so this document explains how to add the Humidity profile, and how to modify the code to get the Humidity Sensor and Collector working. Introduction Generic Attribute Profile (GATT) establishes in detail how to exchange all profile and user data over a BLE connection. GATT deals only with actual data transfer procedures and formats. All standard BLE profiles are based on GATT and must comply with it to operate correctly. This makes GATT a key section of the BLE specification, because every single item of data relevant to applications and users must be formatted, packed, and sent according to the rules. GATT defines two roles: Server and Client. The GATT server stores the data transported over the Attribute Protocol (ATT) and accepts Attribute Protocol requests, commands and confirmations from the GATT client. The GATT client accesses data on the remote GATT server via read, write, notify, or indicate operations. Notify and indicate operations are enabled by the client but initiated by the server, providing a way to push data to the client. Notifications are unacknowledged, while indications are acknowledged. Notifications are therefore faster, but less reliable.  GATT Database establishes a hierarchy to organize attributes. These are the Profile, Service, Characteristic and Descriptor. Profiles are high level definitions that define how services can be used to enable an application and Services are collections of characteristics. Descriptors defined attributes that describe a characteristic value.    To define a GATT Database several macros are provided by the GATT_DB API in the Freescale BLE Stack, which is part KW38 SDK. Server (Sensor)  First, we need to use the Temperature Sensor project as a base, to create our Humidity Custom Profile Server (Sensor). BLE SIG profiles To know if the Profile or service is already defined in the specification, you have to look for in Bluetooth SIG profiles and check in the ble_sig_defines.h file (${workspace_loc:/${ProjName}/bluetooth/host/interface) if this is already declared in the code. In our case, the service is not declared, but the characteristic of the humidity is declared in the specification. Then, we need to check if the characteristic is already included in ble_sig_defines.h. Since, the characteristic is not included, we need to define it as shown next:   /*! Humidity Charactristic UUID */ #define gBleSig_Humidity_d 0x2A6F   GATT Database The Humidity Sensor is going to have the GATT Server, because is going to be the device that has all the information for the GATT Client. On the Temperature Sensor demo have the Battery Service and Device Information, so you only have to change the Temperature Service to Humidity Service    In order to create the demo we need to define or develop a service that has to be the same as in the GATT Client, this is declared in the gatt_uuid128.h.If the new service is not the same, they will never be able to communicate each other. All macros, function or structure in SDK have a common template which helps the application to act accordingly. Hence, we need to define this service in the gatt_uuid128.h as shown next:    /* Humidity */ UUID128(uuid_service_humidity, 0xfe ,0x34 ,0x9b ,0x5f ,0x80 ,0x00 ,0x00 ,0x80 ,0x00 ,0x10 ,0x00 ,0x02 ,0x00 ,0xfa ,0x10 ,0x10)   All the Service and Characteristics is declared in gattdb.h. Descriptors are declared after the Characteristic Value declaration but before the next Characteristic declaration. In this case the permission is the CharPresFormatDescriptor that have specific description by the standard. The Units of the Humidity Characteristic is on Percentage that is 0x27AD. Client Characteristic Configuration Descriptor (CCCD) is a descriptor where clients write some of the bits to activate Server notifications and/or indications.   PRIMARY_SERVICE_UUID128(service_humidity, uuid_service_humidity) CHARACTERISTIC(char_humidity, gBleSig_Humidity_d, (gGattCharPropNotify_c)) VALUE(value_humidity, gBleSig_Humidity_d, (gPermissionNone_c), 2, 0x00, 0x25) DESCRIPTOR(desc_humidity, gBleSig_CharPresFormatDescriptor_d, (gPermissionFlagReadable_c), 7, 0x0E, 0x00, 0xAD, 0x27, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00) CCCD(cccd_humidity)   After that, create a folder humidity in the next path ${workspace_loc:/${ProjName}/bluetooth/profiles. Found the temperature folder, copy the temperature_service.c and paste inside of the humidity folder with another name (humidity_service.c). Then go back and look for the interface folder, copy temperature_interface.h and change the name (humidity_interface.h) in the same path. You need to include the path of the created folder. Project properties>C/C+ Build>Settings>Tool Settings>MCU C Compiler>Includes: Humidity Interface The humidity_interface.h file should have the following code. The Service structure has the service handle, and the initialization value.   /*! Humidity Service - Configuration */ typedef struct humsConfig_tag { uint16_t serviceHandle; int16_t initialHumidity; } humsConfig_t; /*! Humidity Client - Configuration */ typedef struct humcConfig_tag { uint16_t hService; uint16_t hHumidity; uint16_t hHumCccd; uint16_t hHumDesc; gattDbCharPresFormat_t humFormat; } humcConfig_t;   Humidity Service At minimum on humidity_service.c file, should have the following code. The service stores the device identification for the connected client. This value is changed on subscription and non-subscription events.   /*! Humidity Service - Subscribed Client*/ static deviceId_t mHums_SubscribedClientId;   The initialization of the service is made by calling the start procedure. This function is usually called when the application is initialized. In this case is on the BleApp_Config().   bleResult_t Hums_Start(humsConfig_t *pServiceConfig) { mHums_SubscribedClientId = gInvalidDeviceId_c; /* Set the initial value of the humidity characteristic */ return Hums_RecordHumidityMeasurement(pServiceConfig->serviceHandle, pServiceConfig->initialHumidity); }   On stop function, the unsubscribe function is called.   bleResult_t Hums_Stop(humsConfig_t *pServiceConfig) { /* Stop functionality by unsubscribing */ return Hums_Unsubscribe(); } bleResult_t Hums_Unsubscribe(void) { /* Unsubscribe by invalidating the client ID */ mHums_SubscribedClientId = gInvalidDeviceId_c; return gBleSuccess_c; }   The subscribe function will be used in the main file, to subscribe the GATT client to the Humidity service.   bleResult_t Hums_Subscribe(deviceId_t clientDeviceId) { /* Subscribe by saving the client ID */ mHums_SubscribedClientId = clientDeviceId; return gBleSuccess_c; }   Depending on the complexity of the service, the API will implement additional functions. For the Humidity Sensor only have a one characteristic. The measurement will be saving on the GATT database and send the notification to the client. This function will need the service handle and the new value as input parameters.   bleResult_t Hums_RecordHumidityMeasurement(uint16_t serviceHandle, int16_t humidity) { uint16_t handle; bleResult_t result; bleUuid_t uuid = Uuid16(gBleSig_Humidity_d); /* Get handle of Humidity characteristic */ result = GattDb_FindCharValueHandleInService(serviceHandle, gBleUuidType16_c, &uuid, &handle); if (result != gBleSuccess_c) return result; /* Update characteristic value */ result = GattDb_WriteAttribute(handle, sizeof(uint16_t), (uint8_t*) &humidity); if (result != gBleSuccess_c) return result; Hts_SendHumidityMeasurementNotification(handle); return gBleSuccess_c; }   After save the measurement on the GATT database with GattDb_WriteAttribute function we send the notification. To send the notification, first have to get the CCCD and after check if the notification is active, if is active send the notification.   static void Hts_SendHumidityMeasurementNotification ( uint16_t handle ) { uint16_t hCccd; bool_t isNotificationActive; /* Get handle of CCCD */ if (GattDb_FindCccdHandleForCharValueHandle(handle, &hCccd) != gBleSuccess_c) return; if (gBleSuccess_c == Gap_CheckNotificationStatus (mHums_SubscribedClientId, hCccd, &isNotificationActive) && TRUE == isNotificationActive) { GattServer_SendNotification(mHums_SubscribedClientId, handle); } }   Humidity Sensor Main file There are some modifications that have to be done, to use the new Humidity profile in our sensor example. First, we need to declare the humidity service:   static humsConfig_t humsServiceConfig = {(uint16_t)service_humidity, 0};   Then, we need to add or modify the following functions: BleApp_Start You need to modify this line:   /* Device is connected, send humidity value */ BleApp_SendHumidity();   BleApp_Config You need to start the Humidity Service, and to modify the PrintString line:   humsServiceConfig.initialHumidity = 0; (void)Hums_Start(&humsServiceConfig);     AppPrintString("\r\nHumidity sensor -> Press switch to start advertising.\r\n");   BleApp_ConnectionCallback There are some modifications required in two Connection Events. gConnEvtConnected_c   (void)Hums_Subscribe(peerDeviceId); gConnEvtDisconnected_c   gConnEvtDisconnected_c   (void)Hums_Unsubscribe();   BleApp_GattServerCallback   /* Notify the humidity value when CCCD is written */ BleApp_SendHumidity()   BleApp_SendHumidity And, we need to add this function:   static void BleApp_SendHumidity(void) { (void)TMR_StopTimer(appTimerId); /* Update with initial humidity */ (void)Hums_RecordHumidityMeasurement((uint16_t)service_humidity, (int16_t)(BOARD_GetTemperature())); #if defined(cPWR_UsePowerDownMode) && (cPWR_UsePowerDownMode) /* Start Sleep After Data timer */ (void)TMR_StartLowPowerTimer(appTimerId, gTmrLowPowerSecondTimer_c, TmrSeconds(gGoToSleepAfterDataTime_c), DisconnectTimerCallback, NULL); #endif }   In this example, the Record Humidity uses the BOARD_GetTemperature, to use the example without any external sensor and to be able to see a change in the collector, but, in this section would be a GetHumidity function. Client (Collector)  First, we need to use the Temperature Collector project as a base, to create our Humidity Custom Profile Client (Collector). BLE SIG profiles The same applies for the Client. To know if the Profile or service is already defined in the specification, you have to look for in Bluetooth SIG profiles and check in the ble_sig_defines.h file (${workspace_loc:/${ProjName}/bluetooth/host/interface) if this is already declared in the code. In our case, the service is not declared, but the characteristic of the humidity is declared in the specification. Then, we need to check if the characteristic is already included in ble_sig_defines.h. Since, the characteristic is not included, we need to define it as shown next:   /*! Humidity Charactristic UUID */ #define gBleSig_Humidity_d 0x2A6F   GATT Database The Humidity Collector is going to have the GATT client; this is the device that will receive all information from  the GATT server. Demo provided in this post works like the Temperature Collector. When the Collector enables the notifications from the sensor, received notifications will be printed in the serial terminal. In order to create the demo we need to define or develop a service that has to be the same as in the GATT Server, this is declared in the gatt_uuid128.h.If the new service is not the same, they will never be able to communicate each other. All macros, function or structure in SDK have a common template which helps the application to act accordingly. Hence, we need to define this service in the gatt_uuid128.h as shown next:   /* Humidity */ UUID128(uuid_service_humidity, 0xfe ,0x34 ,0x9b ,0x5f ,0x80 ,0x00 ,0x00 ,0x80 ,0x00 ,0x10 ,0x00 ,0x02 ,0x00 ,0xfa ,0x10 ,0x10)   After that, copy the humidity profile folder from the Sensor project, to the Collector project ${workspace_loc:/${ProjName}/bluetooth/profiles. And also for this project, include the path of the new folder. Project properties>C/C+ Build>Settings>Tool Settings>MCU C Compiler>Includes: Humidity Collector Main file In the Collector source file, we need to do also some modifications, to use the Humidity Profile. First, we need to modify the Custom Information of the Peer device:   humcConfig_t humsClientConfig;   BleApp_StoreServiceHandles   static void BleApp_StoreServiceHandles ( gattService_t *pService ) { uint8_t i,j; if ((pService->uuidType == gBleUuidType128_c) && FLib_MemCmp(pService->uuid.uuid128, uuid_service_humidity, 16)) { /* Found Humidity Service */ mPeerInformation.customInfo.humsClientConfig.hService = pService->startHandle; for (i = 0; i < pService->cNumCharacteristics; i++) { if ((pService->aCharacteristics[i].value.uuidType == gBleUuidType16_c) && (pService->aCharacteristics[i].value.uuid.uuid16 == gBleSig_Humidity_d)) { /* Found Humudity Char */ mPeerInformation.customInfo.humsClientConfig.hHumidity = pService->aCharacteristics[i].value.handle; for (j = 0; j < pService->aCharacteristics[i].cNumDescriptors; j++) { if (pService->aCharacteristics[i].aDescriptors[j].uuidType == gBleUuidType16_c) { switch (pService->aCharacteristics[i].aDescriptors[j].uuid.uuid16) { /* Found Humidity Char Presentation Format Descriptor */ case gBleSig_CharPresFormatDescriptor_d: { mPeerInformation.customInfo.humsClientConfig.hHumDesc = pService->aCharacteristics[i].aDescriptors[j].handle; break; } /* Found Humidity Char CCCD */ case gBleSig_CCCD_d: { mPeerInformation.customInfo.humsClientConfig.hHumCccd = pService->aCharacteristics[i].aDescriptors[j].handle; break; } default: ; /* No action required */ break; } } } } } } }   BleApp_StoreDescValues   if (pDesc->handle == mPeerInformation.customInfo.humsClientConfig.hHumDesc) { /* Store Humidity format*/ FLib_MemCpy(&mPeerInformation.customInfo.humsClientConfig.humFormat, pDesc->paValue, pDesc->valueLength); }   BleApp_PrintHumidity   /*www.bluetooth.com/specifications/assigned-numbers/units */ if (mPeerInformation.customInfo.humsClientConfig.humFormat.unitUuid16 == 0x27ADU) { AppPrintString(" %\r\n"); } else { AppPrintString("\r\n"); }   BleApp_GattNotificationCallback   if (characteristicValueHandle == mPeerInformation.customInfo.humsClientConfig.hHumidity) { BleApp_PrintHumidity(Utils_ExtractTwoByteValue(aValue)); }    CheckScanEvent   foundMatch = MatchDataInAdvElementList(&adElement, &uuid_service_humidity, 16);   BleApp_StateMachineHandler mAppIdle_c   if (mPeerInformation.customInfo.humsClientConfig.hHumidity != gGattDbInvalidHandle_d)   mAppServiceDisc_c   if (mPeerInformation.customInfo.humsClientConfig.hHumDesc != 0U) mpCharProcBuffer->handle = mPeerInformation.customInfo.humsClientConfig.hHumDesc;   mAppReadDescriptor_c   if (mPeerInformation.customInfo.humsClientConfig.hHumCccd != 0U)   BleApp_ConfigureNotifications   mpCharProcBuffer->handle = mPeerInformation.customInfo.humsClientConfig.hHumCccd;   Demonstration Now, after connection, every time that you press the SW3 on KW38 Humidity Sensor is going to send the value to KW38 Humidity Collector.  

       The article will describe how to configure A2DP audio application Based On NXP platform and WIFI/BT chipset step by step. Users can easily make her A2DP audio based on NXP WIFI module work normally by following steps in the article. Environment for the validation Hardware Platform        i.MX8MN-EVK Software Kernel version: L5.4.70_2.3.0 rootfs : imx-image-multimedia WiFi module        AW-CM358SM: NXP 88W8987 chipset   For more detailed information, see attachment, please!   NXP CAS-TIC wireless MCU team Weidong Sun    

1 Introduction Two development boards transmit control information through ble. One development board connects to paj7620 and provides gesture information through IIC bus. The other development board uses ble and USB HID. Ble is used to receive data, and USB HID is used to simulate keyboard input and control ppt                  Figure  1 2 Preparation We need two development boards qn908x and gesture control device paj7620. We use IAR as development enviroment.The example we use is temperature_sensor, and temperature_ colloctor. The SDK version is 2.2.3   3 Code 3.1  temperature_sensor code We want to implement IIC to read gesture information from paj7620 and send data. The pins used by IIC are PA6 and PA7 Simply encapsulate the IIC reading and writing code in the code to create i2c_ operation.c and i2c_ operation.h. Realize IIC initialization and reading / writing register function in it                        Figure  2                        Figure  3   3.1.1 After having these functions, we begin to write gesture recognition code. First, we add two blank files paj7620.c and paj7620.h into our project.   Select bank register area                               Figure 4   Wake up paj7620 to read device state                    Figure 5   Initialize device                    Figure 6   Gesture test function                                   Figure 7   3.1.2 When you are ready to read the device information, You should initialize IIC and paj7620 in BleApp_Init function                                Figure 8 In principle, we need to create a custom service for the PAJ device, but we replace the temperature data as our gesture control data. If you want to create a custom service, refer to this link custom profile   3.1.3 Create a timer that sends gesture data regularly. In file temerature_sensor.c Define a timer，static tmrTimerID_t dataTimerId; Allocate a timer, dataTimerId = TMR_AllocateTimer(); Define the callback function of this timer                                           Figure 9 Start timer                                    Figure 10 Close the low power mode. #define cPWR_UsePowerDownMode 0 3.2 temperature_collector code The most important thing here is to port USB HID into our project. The USB  example we use is the USB keyboard and mouse. 3.2.1 Add the OSA and USB folder under the example to the project directory, and copy the file to the corresponding folder according to the file structure of the original example.                      Figure 11 3.2.2 Add header file directory after completion                                           Figure 12 At the same time, in this tab, add two macro definitions USB_STACK_FREERTOS_HEAP_SIZE=16384 USB_STACK_FREERTOS   3.2.3 Next, we need to modify the main function in usb example . Open composite.c file.                      Figure 13 It calls the APP_task. So this function also need to be modified.                                   Figure 14 3.2.4Find hid_mouse.c，Comment function USB_DeviceHidMouseAction Find hid_keyboard.h. Define the gesture information.                                  Figure 15 Find hid_keyboard.c. We need to modify the function USB_DeviceHidKeyboardAction as following figure.                                                  Figure 16   Among them, we also need to implement the following function. When the up hand gesture is detected, the previous ppt will be played. The down hand gesture will be the next PPT, the left hand gesture will exit PPT, and the forward hand gesture will play ppt                                                  Figure 17 It also refers to an external variable gesture_from_server. The variable definition is in file temperature_ collocation.c,.     3.2.5 After that, let's go to BleApp_Statemachinehandler function in temperature_colloctor.c. In case mApppRunning_c, we will call usb_main to initialize USB HID                                                  Figure 18 3.2.6 In BleApp_PrintTemperature, we will save the gesture data to gesture_from_server                                                         Figure 19 We finished the all steps.        

Where can I find the KW20-30-40 radio certification documents?     FRDM-KW40 platforms have passed the CE RED & FCC radio certification (BLE & 15.4).  Find below for information the certification documents and test reports.  For further information on the FRDM board and the product please refer to the corresponding KW40 Product Summary page and FRDM-KW40.

Introduction   This post explains how to create a BLE GATT database using FSCI commands sent to the BLE Server device. Additionally, this document explains how to set up the fields of each FSCI command used to create the BLE GATT database for the BLE Server.   Main FSCI commands to create the BLE GATT DB in the BLE Server device   The following, are the main commands to create, write and read the GATT DB from the BLE Server perspective. The purpose of this post is to serve as a reference and summary of the most important commands. The full list of commands FSCI commands can be found in the Framework Serial Connectivity Interface (FSCI) for Bluetooth Low Energy Host Stack documentation within your SDK package. GATT-InitRequest This command is used to initialize the GATT database at runtime, and it must be sent before any other command to declare a database in your BLE Server device. GATTServer-RegisterCallback.Request This command installs an application callback for the GATT Server module, enabling the device to respond to the FSCI request from the CPU application through an FSCI indication. GATTDBDynamic-AddPrimaryServiceDeclaration.Request It adds a primary service to the database. It has 3 parameters that should be configured, the desired handle, the UUID type (16 bits, 32 bits, 128 bits), and the UUID value. Usually, the desired handle should be set to zero and the stack will assign the handle of the primary service automatically.   If the GATT application callback was installed through the GATTServer-RegisterCallback.Request command, the GATT Server responds to the GATTDBDynamic-AddPrimaryServiceDeclaration.Request command with a GATTDBDynamic-AddPrimaryServiceDeclaration.Indication that contains the handle assigned to the primary service. The following example shows how to prepare this command to define the battery service in the database. GATTDBDynamic-AddCharacteristicDeclarationAndValue.Request It adds a characteristic and its value to the database. It has 7 parameters that should be configured, the UUID type (16 bits, 32 bits, 128 bits), the UUID value, characteristic properties, the maximum length of the value (only for variable-length values), the initial length of the value, the initial value of the characteristic and value access permissions. The characteristic declared using this command, belongs to the last primary service declared in the database. For values with a fixed length, the maximum length parameter should be set to 0, and the length is obtained from the initial length of the value parameter.   If the GATT application callback was installed, the response of this command is indicated by the GATTDBDynamic-AddCharacteristicDeclarationAndValue.Indication command. The following example shows how to prepare this command to define the battery level characteristic in the database with a fixed length of 1 byte and an initial value of 90%. GATTDBDynamic-AddCharacteristicDescriptor.Request It adds a characteristic descriptor to the database. It has 5 parameters that should be configured, the UUID type (16 bits, 32 bits, 128 bits), UUID value, length of the descriptor value, descriptor’s value, and descriptor access permissions. The descriptor declared using this command, belongs to the last characteristic declared in the database.   If the GATT application callback was installed, the response of this command is indicated by the GATTDBDynamic-AddCharacteristicDescriptor.Indication command. The following example shows how to prepare this command to add the characteristic presentation format descriptor of the battery level characteristic in the database.   GATTDBDynamic-AddCccd.Request It adds a CCDD into the database. This command does not have parameters. The CCCD declared using this command, belongs to the last characteristic declared in the database. The response of this command is indicated by GATTDBDynamic-AddCccd.Indication.   GATTDB-FindServiceHandle.Request This command is used to find the handle of a service previously declared in the database. It has 3 parameters that should be configured, the handle to start the search (should be 1 on the first call), the UUID type of the service to find (16 bits, 32 bits, 128 bits), and the UUID value of the service that you are searching.   If the GATT application callback was installed, the response of this command is indicated by the GATTDB-FindServiceHandle.Indication command, which contains the handle of the found service. The following example shows how to prepare this command to find the handle of the battery service declared in the previous examples. Notice that the result of the search corresponds to the handle returned by the GATTDBDynamic-AddPrimaryServiceDeclaration.Indication as expected.   GATTDB-FindCharValueHandleInService It finds the characteristic´s handle of a given service previously declared in the database. It has 3 parameters that should be configured, the handle of the service that contains the characteristic, the UUID type of the characteristic to find (16 bits, 32 bits, 128 bits), and the UUID value of the characteristic that you are searching for.   If the GATT application callback was installed, the response of this command is indicated by the GATTDB-FindCharValueHandleInService.Indication command, which contains the handle of the found characteristic’s value. The following example shows how to prepare this command to find the handle of the battery level value. Notice that the result of the search corresponds to the handle returned by the GATTDBDynamic-AddCharacteristicDeclarationAndValue.Indication plus one, because the AddCharacteristicDeclarationAndValueIndication command returns the handle of the characteristic and, on the other hand, FindCharValueHandleInService returns the handle of the characteristic’s value. GATTDB-FindDescriptorHandleForcharValueHandle.Request It finds the descriptor´s handle of a given characteristic previously declared in the database. It has 3 parameters that should be configured, the handle of the characteristic’s value that contains the descriptor, the UUID type of the descriptor to find (16 bits, 32 bits, 128 bits), and the UUID value of the descriptor that you are searching.   If the GATT application callback was installed, the response of this command is indicated by the GATTDB-FindDescriptorHandleForCharValueHandle.Indication command, which contains the handle of the found descriptor. The following example shows how to prepare this command to find the handle of the characteristic presentation format descriptor. The result corresponds to the handle returned by the GATTDBDynamic-AddCharacteristicDescriptor.Indication   GATTDB-FindCccdHandleForCharValueHandle.Request It finds the CCCD’s handle of a given characteristic previously declared in the database. It has only one parameter, the handle of the characteristic’s value that contains the CCCD.   If the GATT application callback was installed, the response of this command is indicated by the GATTDB-FindCccdHandleForCharValueHandle.Indication command, which contains the handle of the found CCCD. The following example shows how to prepare this command to find the handle of CCCD. The result corresponds to the handle returned by the GATTDBDynamic-AddCccd.Indication.   GATTDB-WriteAttribute.Request It writes the value of a given attribute from the application level. It has 3 parameters that should be configured, the handle of the attribute that you want to write, the length of the value in bytes, and the new value.   In the following example, we will modify the battery level characteristic’s value from 90% to 80%.   GATTDB-ReadAttribute.Request   It reads the value of a given attribute from the application level. It has 2 parameters that should be configured, the handle of the attribute that you want to read, and the maximum bytes that you want to read. The GATT application callback must be installed, since the response of this command indicated by the GATTDB-ReadAttribute.Indication command contains the value read from the database. In the following example, we will read the battery level characteristic’s value, the result is 80%.      

This post covers the below details. Introduction to Framework Serial Communication Interface (FSCI). BLE Server. Useful Commands to create a GATT database. Demonstrate the heart rate sensor profile using the FSCI black box application with Test Tool. Framework Serial Communication Interface The Framework Serial Communication Interface (FSCI) is a software module and a protocol that supports interfacing the Protocol Host Stack (i.e. BLE, Thread, and ZigBee) with a host or a PC tool (Test Tool for Connectivity Products) using a serial communication interface (e.g. UART, USB, SPI, and I2C). The below figure shows interaction between different layers.  Figure 1. System Overview The Host Processor (Application layer and control for Connectivity Stack) The Black Box application (APIs to interact with the Connectivity Stack) The below figure illustrates Interfacing between the host processor and black box application.  Figure 2. Protocol stack separation The Test Tool software for the connectivity products is an example of a host processor that can communicate with FSCI black boxes at various layers. The figure below shows FSCI based application structure.  Figure 3. FSCI based Application Structure The FSCI module executes in the context of the Serial Manager task. For more details regarding FSCI and Serial Manager module refer to the ‘Connectivity Framework Reference Manual.pdf’ document available inside SDK Documentation at location <SDK_Documentation\docs\wireless\Common>. The detailed description of the Bluetooth Low Energy Host Stack serial commands, communication packet structure, and usage of the Framework Serial Communication Interface is provided inside the ‘Bluetooth Low Energy Host Stack FSCI Reference Manual.pdf’ document available inside SDK Documentation at location <SDK_Documentation\docs\wireless\Bluetooth>. The detail about FSCI Host is described here. An example of FSCI based BLE temperature sensor application is described in AN12896. Bluetooth Low Energy Server Bluetooth Low Energy allows exchange of information using the Generic Attribute Profile (GATT), GATT defines below two roles: Server: Device that stores the information. Client: Device that request for information from the server. Going forward, this post describes how to implement a BLE Server using the FSCI black box application with Test Tool. The server device can implement the GATT Database using below two methods. Static database: MACROs are used to add services, characteristics, etc. Dynamic database: APIs are used to add services, characteristics, etc. It is useful when runtime database update is required. This is the approach used by FSCI for the management of GATT databases. The below figure shows an example of database hierarchy.  Figure 4. GATT Database Service: It is a set of information. i.e., sensor location, sensor read value, etc. Bluetooth SIG has defined universally unique identifier (UUID) for various services and characteristics. This UUID will be useful to add services and characteristics to the database. Heart Rate, Battery Information, Device Information are examples of the service. Characteristic and value: It is the actual entity where information and its value are stored when the characteristic and value are added into the database. i.e., Device information service can have characteristics like manufacturer name, model string, Hardware version, etc. Descriptor: It is used to provide additional information regarding the characteristic and its value, e.g. format, scale, unit, etc. Client Characteristic Configuration Descriptor (CCCD): It is a descriptor used by the client device to enable or disable the notifications or indications. When the specific component is added using GATT_DB APIs, the stack will assign a handle to that component to index it in the database. Useful commands to create GATT database FSCI provides a set of commands for the management of the GATT Database. The most used ones are described below. Table 1 Some of the Basic GATT_DB Command Command Description No. of Handle assigned GATTDBDynamic-AddPrimaryServiceDeclaration.Request To add the primary service. 1 GATTDBDynamic-AddCharacteristicDeclarationAndValue.Request To add the characteristic and its value. It will be added as part of previously added service. 2 GATTDBDynamic-AddCharacteristicDescriptor.Request To add the descriptor for the previously added characteristic. 1 GATTDBDynamic-AddCccd.Request To add the CCCD for the previously added characteristic. 1 The attached Test Tool macro file demonstrates steps and setup required to implement a Heart Rate Sensor profile. The steps to execute it are described in the attached lab guide.

Introduction The goal of this example is to demonstrate automatic role switching between Central and Peripheral of BLE QN9080 SIP and indicate the proximity of another BLE module using RSSI value. The automatic Role Switching feature can be used for continuously scan the presence of other BLE device and also to advertise so that other BLE device can scan it. The use case is to maintain social distancing and trigger a warning if the two devices are closer than a threshold distance. RSSI stands for Received Signal Strength Indicator which shows the power of received radio signal. Bare metal ‘Wireless_UART’ example is used from ‘SDK_2.x_QN908xCDK’ version 2.2.2 Timer Configuration As the device needs to switch its role after every particular time interval, so a timer is required to be initialized as it can be seen in below screenshot. Next step is to allocate Timer ID to the declared variable and start the timer. In this case, the timer shall go to callback function after the time(seconds) defined by the macro 'gSwitchTime'. This is done in 'BleApp_Config' function. After the specified time interval, timer stops and enters the callback function where switching of roles takes place. The main point that needs to be highlighted here is that while going into scanning mode, advertising mode should be stopped and vice versa. In advertising, the LED will be turned off. In scanning, the LED glows based on the RSSI. Central Configuration While in Central mode, device scans the presence of other bluetooth devices. Here, we need to check the RSSI value of received signals from those devices. There is a register available in QN9080 where the RSSI can be read after a received signal. RSSI is always negative, so the register stores the 2's compliment of the actual value. Below formula can be used to get the actual value of RSSI:- Actual RSSI = NOT(RSSI) + 1; This formula will give the positive value which is inversely proportional to Signal strength. In the callback function of scanning 'BleApp_ScanningCallback', filtering is applied and following decisions are taken based on filtered value:- Red LED will glow if the filtered value is lesser than a threshold value. Green LED will glow if the filtered value is greater than a threshold value. Hysteresis of 6 counts is taken to nullify the effect of fluctuation. As there is no need to make connections with the available devices, so the function requesting to make connection with the scanned device will be deleted. Peripheral Configuration Advertising interval can be changed as per requirement by making changes in the following macros:- To advertise at a fixed interval, value of minimum and maximum interval should be same. Test Setup Flash the code in two BLE EVK's. Power ON the EVK's. Red LED blinks if the EVK's are closer than a certain distance. Green LED blinks if the distance between the EVK's is greater than a threshold value. During blinking, When the LED is off, it means that the EVK is in advertising mode and when LED is ON(Red/Green), it means that EVK is in scanning mode. Note:- RSSI varies with environment, surrounding etc., so the threshold value of distance may vary with variation in testing condition. Demo code is attached for out of the box testing.

I want to share with you the information that I found about Indication and notification. I hope this information help you to understand more about these topics. Indication and notifications are commands that could be send through the attribute(ATT) protocol. So, there are two roles defined at the ATT layer: Client devices access remote resources over a BLE link using the GATT protocol. Usually, the master is also the client but this is not required or mandatory. Server devices have the GATT database, access control methods, and provide resources to the remote client. Usually, the slave is also the server. BLE standard define two ways to transfer data for the server to the client: notification and indication. Maximum data payload size defined by the specification in each message is 20 bytes. Notifications and indications are initiated by the Server but enabled by the Client. Notification don't need acknowledged, so they are faster. Hence, server does not know if the message reach to the client. Indication need acknowledged to communicated. The client sent a confirmation message back to the server, this way server knows that message reached the client. One interesting thing defined by the ATT protocol is that a Server can't send two consecutive indications if the confirmation was not received. In other words, you have to wait for the confirmation of each indication in order to send the next indication. Figure 1. Indication/Notification Nevertheless, server are not able to send indications or notifications at the beginning of the communication. First, client must enable notifications and indications permissions on the server side, so, the server is allowed to send indications or notifications. This procedure involves the client to write the Client Characteristic Configuration Descriptor (CCCD) of the characteristic that will be notified/indicated. In other words, the client may request a notification for a particular characteristic from the server. Once the client enabled the notifications for such characteristic in the server, server can send the value to the client whenever it becomes available. For example, thinking in a heart rate sensor application connecting to Heart Rate smartphone application. Heart Rate Service can notify its Heart Rate Measurement Characteristic.  In this case, the sensor is the server while the smartphone is the client. Once devices are connected, smartphone application must set the notifications permissions of the Heart Rate Measurement Characteristic through its CCCD. Then, when smartphone application(client) set the CCCD withe notifications enabled, Heart Rate Sensor (server) is able to send notifications whenever a heart rate measurement is available. This same procedure is needed if the characteristic has indication properties.  At the end, the client is the one that allow the server to indicate or notify a characteristic. Finally, it is worth to comment that unlike notification, the indication is more reliable, but slower, because the server sends the data but the client must to confirm when data is received.

Overview Bluetooth Low Energy offers the ability to broadcast data in format of non-connectable advertising packets while not being in a connection. This GAP Advertisement is widely known as a beacon and is used in today’s IoT applications in different forms. This article will present the current beacon format in our demo application from the KW40Z software package and how to create the most popular beacon formats on the market. The advertising packet format and payload are declared in the gAppAdvertisingData structure from app_config.c. This structure points to an array of AD elements, advScanStruct: static const gapAdStructure_t advScanStruct[] = {   {     .length = NumberOfElements(adData0) + 1,     .adType = gAdFlags_c,     .aData = (void *)adData0   },    {     .length = NumberOfElements(adData1) + 1,     .adType = gAdManufacturerSpecificData_c,     .aData = (void *)adData1   } }; Due to the fact that all beacons use the advertising flags structure and that the advertising PDU is 31 bytes in length (Bluetooth Low Energy v4.1), the maximum payload length is 28 bytes, including length and type for the AD elements. The AD Flags element is declared as it follows: static const uint8_t adData0[1] =  { (gapAdTypeFlags_t)(gLeGeneralDiscoverableMode_c | gBrEdrNotSupported_c) }; The demo application uses a hash function to generate a random UUID for the KW40Z default beacon. This is done in BleApp_Init: void BleApp_Init(void) {     sha1Context_t ctx;         /* Initialize sha buffer with values from SIM_UID */     FLib_MemCopy32Unaligned(&ctx.buffer[0], SIM_UIDL);     FLib_MemCopy32Unaligned(&ctx.buffer[4], SIM_UIDML);     FLib_MemCopy32Unaligned(&ctx.buffer[8], SIM_UIDMH);     FLib_MemCopy32Unaligned(&ctx.buffer[12], 0);          SHA1_Hash(&ctx, ctx.buffer, 16);         /* Updated UUID value from advertising data with the hashed value */     FLib_MemCpy(&gAppAdvertisingData.aAdStructures[1].aData[3], ctx.hash, 16); } When implementing a constant beacon payload, please bear in mind to disable this code section. KW40Z Default Beacon The KW40Z software implements a proprietary beacon with the maximum ADV payload and uses the following Manufacturer Specific Advertising Data structure of 26 bytes. This is the default implementation of the beacon demo example from the KW40Z Connectivity Software package. static uint8_t adData1[26] = {     /* Company Identifier*/     0xFF, 0x01     /* Beacon Identifier */     0xBC,     /* UUID */                  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,                                   /* A */                     0x00, 0x00,     /* B */                     0x00, 0x00,     /* C */                     0x00, 0x00,     /* RSSI at 1m */            0x1E}; iBeacon iBeacon is a protocol designed by Apple. It uses a 20 byte payload that consists of the following identifying information [1] : To advertise an iBeacon packet, the user needs to change the second AD element, adData1, like below: static uint8_t adData1[25] = {                                0x4C, 0x00,                                   0x02, 0x15,         /* UUID */             0xD9, 0xB9, 0xEC, 0x1F, 0x39, 0x25, 0x43, 0xD0, 0x80, 0xA9, 0x1E, 0x39, 0xD4, 0xCE, 0xA9, 0x5C,         /* Major Version */    0x00, 0x01         /* Minor Version */    0x00, 0x0A,                                0xC5}; AltBeacon AltBeacon is an open specification designed for proximity beacon advertisements [2]. It also uses a Manufacturer Specific Advertising Data structure: To advertise an AltBeacon packet, the user needs to change the second AD element, like below: static uint8_t adData1[26] = {     /* MFG ID*/         0xFF, 0x01,     /* Beacon Code */   0xBE, 0xAC,     /* Beacon ID */     0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04,     /* Ref RSSI*/       0xC5,     /* MFG RSVD*/       0x00}; Eddystone™ Eddystone™ is an open Bluetooth® Smart beacon format from Google [3]. It offers three data type packets: Eddystone™-UID Eddystone™-URL Eddystone™-TLM Eddystone™ uses two advertising structures: Complete List of 16-bit Service UUIDs structure, which contains the Eddystone Service UUID (0xFEAA). Service Data structure, which also contains the Eddystone™ Service UUID (0xFEAA). Thus, advScanStruct will now have 3 elements: static const gapAdStructure_t advScanStruct[] = {   {     .length = NumberOfElements(adData0) + 1,     .adType = gAdFlags_c,     .aData = (void *)adData0   },    {     .length = NumberOfElements(adData1) + 1,     .adType = gAdComplete16bitServiceList_c,     .aData = (void *)adData1   },   {     .length = NumberOfElements(adData2) + 1,     .adType = gAdServiceData16bit_c,     .aData = (void *)adData2   } }; The complete List of 16-bit Service UUIDs element will look like: static const uint8_t adData1[2] =  { 0xAA, 0xFE }; Eddystone™-UID Eddystone™-UID broadcasts a unique 16-bit Beacon ID to identify a particular device in a group. The Service Data block has the following structure: To implement this, the user needs to add a third AD element, as follows: static uint8_t adData2[22] = {     /* ID */ 0xAA, 0xFE,     /* Frame Type */    0x00,     /* Ranging Data */  0xEE,     /* Namespace */     0x8B, 0x0C, 0xA7, 0x50, 0x09, 0x54, 0x77, 0xCB, 0x3E, 0x77,     /* Instance */      0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,     /* RFU */           0x00, 0x00}; Eddystone™-URL Eddystone™-URL broadcasts a compressed URL. The Service Data block has the following structure: In this example, we will implement a beacon which will advertise NXP’s webpage, http://www.nxp.com. To implement this, the user needs to add a third AD element, as follows: static const uint8_t adData2[9] = {     /* ID */ 0xAA, 0xFE,     /* Frame Type */    0x10,     /* TX Power */      0xEE,     /* URL scheme */    0x00,     /* Encode URL */    'n', 'x, 'p', 0x07}; Eddystone™-TLM Eddystone™-TLM broadcasts telemetry data about the beacon device operation. The Service Data block has the following structure: To implement this, the user needs to add a third AD element, as follows: static uint8_t adData2[16] = {     /* ID */ 0xAA, 0xFE,     /* Frame Type */    0x20,     /* TLM Version */   0x00,     /* VBATT */        0x00, 0x00,     /* TEMP */         0x00, 0x00,     /* ADV_CNT */      0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,     /* SEC_CNT */      0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};

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This Document describes the additional changes needed for JN-AN-1229 ZigBee PRO Application Template for ZigBee version 1002 to be able to compile correctly with the latest update SDK JN-SW-4170 Version 1745 and JN-SW-4270 Version 1746. Note:  These modifications can be also found in the JN516x ZigBee 3.0 SDK Release Notes v1745 (Chapter 4.3 Modifications Required) Tool modifications The .zpscfg file contains all the information available of the setup of the ZigBee network, this file it’s located in C:\...\...\workspace\ JN-AN-1229\Common The first step is to add the MAC Interface List to The ZigBee devices (Co-ordinator, Router, and Sleeping End Device) in the .zpscfg file. Then, add the MAC Interface selecting the New Child option. In the Properties tab, the Co-ordinator and the Router should have the Router Allowed option set to True. Stack modifications The new stack has support for better throughput and automatic buffering of data packets during route discovery. This requires the addition of a new queue in the application. Open the app_common.h file which it’s located in the Common folder. This queue should be tied to the stack definition: extern PUBLIC tszQueue zps_msgMcpsDcfm; After that, open the app_router.c and app_sleeping_enddevice.c. The ZPS_tsAplAib structure has been changed, so, the vStartup function should be modified Old version /* Set channel to scan and start stack */ ZPS_psAplAibGetAib()->apsChannelMask = 1 << u8Channel; Update needed /* Set channel to scan and start stack */ ZPS_psAplAibGetAib()->pau32ApsChannelMask[0] = 1 << u8Channel; Add the next code to the app_start.c(Coordinator and Router) and app_start_SED.c(Sleeping End Device) The buffer of the Router device should be modified. The size of the queue is defined as: #define MCPS_DCFM_QUEUE_SIZE 5 The storage of the queue must be defined: PRIVATE MAC_tsMcpsVsCfmData asMacMcpsDcfm[MCPS_DCFM_QUEUE_SIZE]; In the APP_vInitResources function an additional queue must be added: ZQ_vQueueCreate(&zps_msgMcpsDcfm, MCPS_DCFM_QUEUE_SIZE,  sizeof(MAC_tsMcpsVsCfmData),(uint8*)asMacMcpsDcfm);  

The SMAC & IEEE 802.15.4 protocol stacks are a KSDK add-on, therefore you need the installation of the KSDK 1.2 before installing these connectivity stacks. Install the Kinetis SDK 1.2: Software Development Kit for Kinetis MCUs|Freescale After installing the KSDK 1.2, download the desired protocol stack. The connectivity software for this platform can be found in the board webpage, in the downloads tab: Modular Reference Boards for Kinetis KW0x|Freescale The installation window will guide you through an easy way to install the software. Best regards, Luis Burgos.

One of the most difficult part of creating connected medical applications is, actually, keep it connected. Different protocols are available to transmit information from a medical device to a database or user interface. Sometimes integrating our application to the current communication protocols can be as difficult as developing the device itself. Freescale has launched its Bluetooth® Low Energy (BLE) chips, and with them, a complete software stack that integrates most of the available profiles for BLE oriented applications. Using this set, it becomes easy to integrate your current medical application to use BLE as communications method. Freescale Connectivity Software Examples The connectivity software includes examples to demonstrate BLE communications with a smartphone device. Using these examples as a base facilitates the integration with an existing application and reduces the required time it takes to have a fully connected application. This post uses as an example the Heart Rate Monitor demo to show how these applications can be customized. Modifying general device information The BLE services information reported by the device is stored in a file named “gatt_db.h”. This services information is what is shown on a smartphone when the device has connected. The Generic Access Profile service includes the device name reported when advertising. To change it just replace the device name between “” and update the character count. Detailed device information is accessed via the Device Information Service including the manufacturer name, model and serial number etcetera. This information can also be adjusted to the custom device requirements by modifying the string between “” and updating the character number. Adapting example code to report application data The connectivity software includes some predefined services that can be used to customize the server to report our application data. These predefined services already include structures with the information that needs to be reported to the client. On the application example file app.c some of these services are configured. For the heart rate service, a variable of type hrsConfig_t is created containing configuration information of the heart rate sensor such as the supported characteristics and sensor location. All of these characteristics are described in the heart rate service file heart_rate_interface.h /* Service Data*/ static basConfig_t      basServiceConfig = {service_battery, 0}; static disConfig_t      disServiceConfig = {service_device_info}; static hrsUserData_t    hrsUserData; static hrsConfig_t hrsServiceConfig = {service_heart_rate, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, gHrs_BodySensorLocChest_c, &hrsUserData}; static uint16_t cpHandles[1] = { value_hr_ctrl_point }; /*! Heart Rate Service - Configuration */ typedef struct hrsConfig_tag {     uint16_t             serviceHandle;     bool_t               sensorContactSupported;     bool_t               sensorContactDetected;     bool_t               energyExpandedEnabled;     hrsBodySensorLoc_t   bodySensorLocation;     hrsUserData_t        *pUserData; } hrsConfig_t; This information is used to configure the server when the function BleApp_Config is called. /* Start services */ hrsServiceConfig.sensorContactDetected = mContactStatus; #if gHrs_EnableRRIntervalMeasurements_d    hrsServiceConfig.pUserData->pStoredRrIntervals = MEM_BufferAlloc(sizeof(uint16_t) * gHrs_NumOfRRIntervalsRecorded_c); #endif    Hrs_Start(&hrsServiceConfig); basServiceConfig.batteryLevel = BOARD_GetBatteryLevel(); Bas_Start(&basServiceConfig); /* Allocate application timers */ mAdvTimerId = TMR_AllocateTimer(); Once the server is configured, the application is stated by entering the device in advertising state in order to make it visible for clients. This is done by calling the function BleApp_Advertise that configures the server to start advertising. void BleApp_Start(void) { /* Device is not connected and not advertising*/ if (!mAdvState.advOn) { #if gBondingSupported_d if (mcBondedDevices > 0) { mAdvState.advType = fastWhiteListAdvState_c; } else { #endif mAdvState.advType = fastAdvState_c; #if gBondingSupported_d } #endif BleApp_Advertise(); } #if (cPWR_UsePowerDownMode)    PWR_ChangeDeepSleepMode(1); /* MCU=LLS3, LL=DSM, wakeup on GPIO/LL */ PWR_AllowDeviceToSleep(); #endif       } Once the server has been found and a connection has been stablished with the client, the configured services must be started. This is done by calling the “subscribe” function for each service. For heart rate sensor, the function Hrs_Suscribe must be called. This function is available from the heart_rate_interface files. /* Subscribe client*/ Bas_Subscribe(peerDeviceId);        Hrs_Subscribe(peerDeviceId); #if (!cPWR_UsePowerDownMode)  /* UI */            During connection, the application measurements can be reported to the client by using the “record measurement” functions included in the service interfaces. For the heart rate sensor this is the Hrs_RecordHeartRateMeasurement function. static void TimerMeasurementCallback(void * pParam) { uint16_t hr = BOARD_GetPotentiometerLevel(); hr = (hr * mHeartRateRange_c) >> 12; #if gHrs_EnableRRIntervalMeasurements_d    Hrs_RecordRRInterval(&hrsUserData, (hr & 0x0F)); Hrs_RecordRRInterval(&hrsUserData,(hr & 0xF0)); #endif if (mToggle16BitHeartRate) { Hrs_RecordHeartRateMeasurement(service_heart_rate, 0x0100 + (hr & 0xFF), &hrsUserData); } else { Hrs_RecordHeartRateMeasurement(service_heart_rate, mHeartRateLowerLimit_c + hr, &hrsUserData); } Hrs_AddExpendedEnergy(&hrsUserData, 100); #if (cPWR_UsePowerDownMode) PWR_SetDeepSleepTimeInMs(900); PWR_ChangeDeepSleepMode(6); PWR_AllowDeviceToSleep();    #endif } This updates the current measurement and sends a notification to the client indicating that a new measurement report is ready. Many profiles are implemented in the connectivity software to enable already developed medical applications with BLE connectivity. APIs are easy to use and can significantly reduce the development times.

This is some information of Bluetooth Low Energy about the White List. I hope this information help you to understand the White List. The device to connect is saved on the white list located in the LL block of the controller. This enumerates the remote devices that are allowed to communicate with the local device. Since device filtering occurs in the LL it can have a significant impact on power consumption by filtering (or ignoring) advertising packets, scan requests or connection requests from being sent to the higher layers for handling. The Withe List can restrict which device are allowed to connect to other device. If is not, is not going to connect.      Once the address was saved, the connection with that device is going to be an auto connection establishment procedure.This means that the Controller autonomously establishes a connection with the device address that matches the address stored in the While List. Figure 1. White List Procedure NOTE: For more details download the Specification of the Ble​

802.15.4 wireless sniffers like the USB-KW41Z are capable of capturing over-the-air traffic. The captured packets are passed to a network protocol decoder like Wireshark over a network interface tunnel built by the Kinetis Protocol Analyzer.   Hardware  One USB-KW41Z preloaded with sniffer firmware ( instructions found at www.nxp.com/usb-kw41z )  Software Download & Install Thread Wireshark from wireshark.org which is an open-source network protocol analyzer capable of debugging over the air communication between Thread devices. Kinetis Protocol Analyzer is a software that provides a bridge between the USB-KW41 and Wireshark.  Wireshark Configuration  Open Wireshark from the Program Files Click Edit and select Preferences  Click Protocols to expand a list of protocols Select IEEE 802.15.4, click the Decryption Keys Edit... button Create a new key entry by pressing the plus button, then set the following values and click OK       Decryption key = 00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff      Decryption key index = 1      Key hash = Thread hash Find CoAP and configure it with CoAP UDP port number = 5683 Click Thread and select Decode CoAP for Thread  with Thread sequence counter = 00000000 as shown below At the 6LoWPAN preferences, add the Context 0 value of fd00:0db8::/64 Click OK and close Wireshark Configure Kinetis Protocol Analyzer  Connect the USB-KW41Z to one of the USB ports on your computer Open the device manager and look for the device connected port Open the "Kinetis Protocol Analyzer Adapter" program Make sure, you have a USB-KW41Z connected to your PC when opening the program because the Kinetis Protocol Adapter will start looking for kinetis sniffer hardware. Once the USB-KW41Z is detected, the previously identify COM port will be displayed Select the desired IEEE 802.15.4 channel to scan in the Kinetis Protocol Analyzer window. This guide selects channel 12 as an example  Click on the Wireshark icon to open Wireshark Network Protocol Analyzer An error may appear while opening Wireshark, click OK and continue Wireshark Sniffing Wireshark Network Analyzer will be opened. On the "Capture" option of the main window, select the Local Area Connection that was created by the Kinetis Protocol Analyzer, in this example, Kinetis Protocol Analyzer created "Local Area Connection 2", then click "Start" button. USB-KW41Z will start to sniff and upcoming data will be displayed in the "Capture" window of the Wireshark Network Protocol Analyzer.

This project is for Kinets L MCU Brazil challenge.Actually we don´t know if the project was registered. The goal of this project is to make Bluetooth communication between an android and  Freescale Freedom development kit FRDM-KL25Z. We will show the FRDM-KL25Z accelerometer status and the internal temperature sensor on android app. The android app requires version 4.x or above. Bluetooth module is connected to UART1.The embeddec code was created on CodeWarrior and exported to Keil MDK ARM.   http://youtu.be/-waEkfIuZCw

This document describes how to add additional cluster to the router application in the AN12061-MKW41Z-AN-Zigbee-3-0-Base-Device Application Note.   The Router application's main endpoint contains Basic, Groups, Identify and OnOff server. The steps below describe how to add two clusters to Router: Temperature Measurement server and OnOff client. Note that these changes only go as far as making the new clusters added and discoverable, no functionality has been added to these clusters. Router/app_zcl_cfg.h The first step is to update the application ZCL Configuration file to add the new clusters (OnOff Client, Temperature Measurement Server) to the Router application endpoint. The HA profile already contains few clusters but Temperature Measurement cluster was added:   /* Profile 'HA' */ #define HA_ILLUMINANCEMEASUREMENT_CLUSTER_ID (0x0400) #define HA_DEFAULT_CLUSTER_ID                (0xffff) #define HA_OTA_CLUSTER_ID                    (0x0019) #define HA_TEMPMEASUREMENT_CLUSTER_ID        (0x0402) Router/app_zcl_globals.c The OnOff client was already present in Router endpoint but made discoverable and the Temperature Measurement cluster was added and made discoverable into Router application endpoint.The clusters are added to the Input cluster list (Server side) and output cluster list (Client side) and made discoverable using DiscFlag only for the cluster list for which it is enabled. So, assuming you need to add OnOff cluster client, you would need to use add the cluster id (0x0006 for OnOff) into input cluster list (Server side of cluster) and output cluster list (Client side of the cluster) and make it discoverable for output cluster list as it is a client cluster. For temperature measurement, you need to make it discoverable for input Cluster list as below: PRIVATE const uint16 s_au16Endpoint1InputClusterList[6] = { 0x0000, 0x0004, 0x0003, 0x0006, HA_TEMPMEASUREMENT_CLUSTER_ID , 0xffff, }; PRIVATE const PDUM_thAPdu s_ahEndpoint1InputClusterAPdus[6] = { apduZCL, apduZCL, apduZCL, apduZCL, apduZCL, apduZCL, }; PRIVATE uint8 s_au8Endpoint1InputClusterDiscFlags[1] = { 0x1f }; PRIVATE const uint16 s_au16Endpoint1OutputClusterList[5] = { 0x0000, 0x0004, 0x0003, 0x0006, HA_TEMPMEASUREMENT_CLUSTER_ID, }; PRIVATE uint8 s_au8Endpoint1OutputClusterDiscFlags[1] = { 0x08 }; Now update Simple Descriptor structure (see the declaration of zps_tsAplAfSimpleDescCont and ZPS_tsAplAfSimpleDescriptor structures to understand how to correctly fill the various parameters) to reflect the input cluster and output cluster list correctly as below : PUBLIC zps_tsAplAfSimpleDescCont s_asSimpleDescConts[2] = { {    {       0x0000,       0,       0,       0,       84,       84,       s_au16Endpoint0InputClusterList,       s_au16Endpoint0OutputClusterList,       s_au8Endpoint0InputClusterDiscFlags,       s_au8Endpoint0OutputClusterDiscFlags,    },    s_ahEndpoint0InputClusterAPdus,    1 }, {    {       0x0104,       0,       1,       1,       6,       5,       s_au16Endpoint1InputClusterList,       s_au16Endpoint1OutputClusterList,       s_au8Endpoint1InputClusterDiscFlags,       s_au8Endpoint1OutputClusterDiscFlags,    },    s_ahEndpoint1InputClusterAPdus,    1 }, }; Router/zcl_options.h This file is used to set the options used by the ZCL. Enable Clusters The cluster functionality for the router endpoint was enabled: /****************************************************************************/ /*                             Enable Cluster                               */ /*                                                                          */ /* Add the following #define's to your zcl_options.h file to enable         */ /* cluster and their client or server instances                             */ /****************************************************************************/ #define CLD_BASIC #define BASIC_SERVER #define CLD_IDENTIFY #define IDENTIFY_SERVER #define CLD_GROUPS #define GROUPS_SERVER #define CLD_ONOFF #define ONOFF_SERVER #define ONOFF_CLIENT #define CLD_TEMPERATURE_MEASUREMENT #define TEMPERATURE_MEASUREMENT_SERVER Enable any optional Attributes and Commands for the clusters /****************************************************************************/ /* Temperature Measurement Cluster - Optional Attributes */ /* */ /* Add the following #define's to your zcl_options.h file to add optional */ /* attributes to the time cluster. */ /****************************************************************************/ #define CLD_TEMPMEAS_ATTR_TOLERANCE /****************************************************************************/ /* Basic Cluster - Optional Commands */ /* */ /* Add the following #define's to your zcl_options.h file to add optional */ /* commands to the basic cluster. */ /****************************************************************************/ #define CLD_BAS_CMD_RESET_TO_FACTORY_DEFAULTS /****************************************************************************/ /* OnOff Cluster - Optional Commands */ /* */ /* Add the following #define's to your zcl_options.h file to add optional */ /* commands to the OnOff cluster. */ /****************************************************************************/ #define CLD_ONOFF_CMD_OFF_WITH_EFFECT  Add the cluster creation and initialization into ZigBee Base device definitions The cluster functionality for some of the clusters (like OnOff Client) is already present on ZigBee Base Device. For Temperature Measurement cluster the functionality was added into ZigBee Base Device. <SDK>/middleware/wireless/Zigbee_3_0_6.0.6/core/ZCL/Devices/ZHA/Generic/Include/base_device.h The first step was including the Temperature Measurement header files into base device header file as shown below:  #ifdef CLD_TEMPERATURE_MEASUREMENT #include "TemperatureMeasurement.h" #endif The second step was adding cluster instance (tsZHA_BaseDeviceClusterInstances) into base device Instance as shown below: /* Temperature Measurement Instance */ #if (defined CLD_TEMPERATURE_MEASUREMENT) && (defined TEMPERATURE_MEASUREMENT_SERVER) tsZCL_ClusterInstance sTemperatureMeasurementServer; #endif The next step was to define the cluster into the base device structure (tsZHA_BaseDevice) as below: #if (defined CLD_TEMPERATURE_MEASUREMENT) && (defined TEMPERATURE_MEASUREMENT_SERVER) tsCLD_TemperatureMeasurement sTemperatureMeasurementServerCluster; #endif <SDK>/middleware/wireless/Zigbee_3_0_6.0.6/core/ZCL/Devices/ZHA/Generic/Include/base_device.c The cluster create function for Temperature Measurement cluster for server was called in ZigBee base device registration function:   #if (defined CLD_TEMPERATURE_MEASUREMENT) && (defined TEMPERATURE_MEASUREMENT_SERVER)    /* Create an instance of a Temperature Measurement cluster as a server */    if(eCLD_TemperatureMeasurementCreateTemperatureMeasurement(&psDeviceInfo->sClusterInstance.sTemperatureMeasurementServer,                                                    TRUE,                                                    &sCLD_TemperatureMeasurement,                                                    &psDeviceInfo->sTemperatureMeasurementServerCluster,                                                    &au8TemperatureMeasurementAttributeControlBits[0]) != E_ZCL_SUCCESS)   {       return E_ZCL_FAIL;    } #endif Router/app_zcl_task.c Temperature Measurement Server Cluster Data Initialization - APP_vZCL_DeviceSpecific_Init() The default attribute values for the Temperature Measurement clusters are initialized: PRIVATE void APP_vZCL_DeviceSpecific_Init(void) {    sBaseDevice.sOnOffServerCluster.bOnOff = FALSE;    FLib_MemCpy(sBaseDevice.sBasicServerCluster.au8ManufacturerName, "NXP", CLD_BAS_MANUF_NAME_SIZE);    FLib_MemCpy(sBaseDevice.sBasicServerCluster.au8ModelIdentifier, "BDB-Router", CLD_BAS_MODEL_ID_SIZE);    FLib_MemCpy(sBaseDevice.sBasicServerCluster.au8DateCode, "20150212", CLD_BAS_DATE_SIZE);    FLib_MemCpy(sBaseDevice.sBasicServerCluster.au8SWBuildID, "1000-0001", CLD_BAS_SW_BUILD_SIZE);    sBaseDevice.sTemperatureMeasurementServerCluster.i16MeasuredValue = 0;    sBaseDevice.sTemperatureMeasurementServerCluster.i16MinMeasuredValue = 0;    sBaseDevice.sTemperatureMeasurementServerCluster.i16MaxMeasuredValue = 0; }

I was investigating about how to create a current profile and I found interesting information I would like to share with the community. So, I decided to create an example to accomplish this task using BLE stack included in the MKW40Z Connectivity Software package. The demo to create is an Humidity Collector which make use of the Humidity custom profile and is based on the Temperature Collector demonstration application. The first thing to know is that the Generic Attribute Profile (GATT) establishes in detail how to exchange all profile and user data over a BLE connection. GATT deals only with actual data transfer procedures and formats. All standard BLE profiles are based on GATT and must comply with it to operate correctly. This makes GATT a key section of the BLE specification, because every single item of data relevant to applications and users must be formatted, packed, and sent according to the rules.                                      GATT defines two roles: Server and Client. The GATT server stores the data transported over the Attribute Protocol (ATT) and accepts Attribute Protocol requests, commands and confirmations from the GATT client. The GATT client accesses data on the remote GATT server via read, write, notify, or indicate operations. Notify and indicate operations are enabled by the client but initiated by the server, providing a way to push data to the client. Notifications are unacknowledged, while indications are acknowledged. Notifications are therefore faster, but less reliable. Figure 1. GATT Client-Server      GATT Database establishes a hierarchy to organize attributes. These are the Profile, Service, Characteristic and Descriptor. Profiles are high level definitions that define how services can be used to enable an application and Services are collections of characteristics. Descriptors defined attributes that describe a characteristic value. To define a GATT Database several macros are provided by the GATT_DB API in the Freescale BLE Stack, which is part KW40Z Connectivity Software package. Figure 2. GATT database      To know if the Profile or service is already defined in the specification, you have to look for in Bluetooth SIG profiles and check in the ble_sig_defines.h file if this is already declared in the code. In our case, the service is not declared, but the characteristic of the humidity is declared in the specification. Then, we need to check if the characteristic is already included in ble_sig_defines.h. Since, the characteristic is not included, we need to define it as shown next: /*! Humidity Charactristic UUID */ #define gBleSig_Humidity_d                      0x2A6F      The Humidity Collector is going to have the GATT client; this is the device that will receive all information from  the GATT server. Demo provided in this post works like the Temperature Collector. When the Collector enables the notifications from the sensor, received notifications will be printed in the serial terminal. In order to create the demo we need to define or develop a service that has to be the same as in the GATT Server, this is declared in the gatt_uuid128.h.If the new service is not the same, they will never be able to communicate each other. All macros function or structures in BLE stack of KW40Z Connectivity Software have a common template. Hence, we need to define this service in the gatt_uuid128.h as shown next: /* Humidity */ UUID128(uuid_service_humidity, 0xfe ,0x34 ,0x9b ,0x5f ,0x80 ,0x00 ,0x00 ,0x80 ,0x00 ,0x10 ,0x00 ,0x02 ,0x00 ,0xfa ,0x10 ,0x10)      During the scanning process is when the client is going to connect with the Server. Hence, function CheckScanEvent can help us to ensure that peer device or server device support the specified service, in this case, it will be the humidity service we just created in the previous step. Then, CheckScanEvent needs to check which device is on advertising mode and with MatchDataInAdvElementList to verify if it is the same uuid_service_humidity, if the service is not in the list, client is not going to connect. CheckScanEvent function should look as shown next: static bool_t CheckScanEvent(gapScannedDevice_t* pData) { uint8_t index = 0; uint8_t name[10]; uint8_t nameLength; bool_t foundMatch = FALSE; while (index < pData->dataLength) {         gapAdStructure_t adElement;                 adElement.length = pData->data[index];         adElement.adType = (gapAdType_t)pData->data[index + 1];         adElement.aData = &pData->data[index + 2];          /* Search for Humidity Custom Service */         if ((adElement.adType == gAdIncomplete128bitServiceList_c) ||           (adElement.adType == gAdComplete128bitServiceList_c))         {             foundMatch = MatchDataInAdvElementList(&adElement, &uuid_service_humidity, 16);         }                 if ((adElement.adType == gAdShortenedLocalName_c) ||           (adElement.adType == gAdCompleteLocalName_c))         {             nameLength = MIN(adElement.length, 10);             FLib_MemCpy(name, adElement.aData, nameLength);         }                 /* Move on to the next AD elemnt type */         index += adElement.length + sizeof(uint8_t); } if (foundMatch) {         /* UI */         shell_write("\r\nFound device: \r\n");         shell_writeN((char*)name, nameLength-1);         SHELL_NEWLINE();         shell_writeHex(pData->aAddress, 6); } return foundMatch; } The humidity_interface.h file should define the client structure and the server structure. For this demo, we only need the client structure, however, both are defined for reference. The Client Structure has all the data of the Humidity Service, in this case is a Service, characteristic, descriptor and CCCD handle and the format of the value. /*! Humidity Client - Configuration */ typedef struct humcConfig_tag { uint16_t    hService; uint16_t    hHumidity; uint16_t    hHumCccd; uint16_t    hHumDesc; gattDbCharPresFormat_t  humFormat; } humcConfig_t; The next configuration structure is for the Server; in this case we don’t need it. /*! Humidity Service - Configuration */ typedef struct humsConfig_tag { uint16_t    serviceHandle; int16_t     initialHumidity;        } humsConfig_t;     Now that the Client Structure is declared, go to the app.c and modify some functions. There are functions that help to store all the data of the humidity service. In our case they are 3 functions for the service, characteristic and descriptor. You have to be sure that the service that you create and the characteristics of humidity are in the functions. The Handle of each data is stored in the structure of the client. The three functions that need to be modify are the next: BleApp_StoreServiceHandles() stores handles for the specified service and characteristic. static void BleApp_StoreServiceHandles (     gattService_t   *pService ) {     uint8_t i;           if ((pService->uuidType == gBleUuidType128_c) &&         FLib_MemCmp(pService->uuid.uuid128, uuid_service_humidity, 16))     {         /* Found Humidity Service */         mPeerInformation.customInfo.humClientConfig.hService = pService->startHandle;                 for (i = 0; i < pService->cNumCharacteristics; i++)         {             if ((pService->aCharacteristics[i].value.uuidType == gBleUuidType16_c) &&                 (pService->aCharacteristics[i].value.uuid.uuid16 == gBleSig_Humidity_d))             {                 /* Found Humidity Char */                 mPeerInformation.customInfo.humClientConfig.hHumidity = pService->aCharacteristics[i].value.handle;             }         }     } } BleApp_StoreCharHandles() handles the descriptors. static void BleApp_StoreCharHandles (     gattCharacteristic_t   *pChar ) {     uint8_t i;         if ((pChar->value.uuidType == gBleUuidType16_c) &&         (pChar->value.uuid.uuid16 == gBleSig_Humidity_d))     {            for (i = 0; i < pChar->cNumDescriptors; i++)         {             if (pChar->aDescriptors[i].uuidType == gBleUuidType16_c)             {                 switch (pChar->aDescriptors[i].uuid.uuid16)                 {                     case gBleSig_CharPresFormatDescriptor_d:                     {                         mPeerInformation.customInfo.humClientConfig.hHumDesc = pChar->aDescriptors[i].handle;                         break;                     }                     case gBleSig_CCCD_d:                     {                         mPeerInformation.customInfo.humClientConfig.hHumCccd = pChar->aDescriptors[i].handle;                         break;                     }                     default:                         break;                 }             }         }     } } BleApp_StoreDescValues() stores the format of the value. static void BleApp_StoreDescValues (     gattAttribute_t     *pDesc ) {     if (pDesc->handle == mPeerInformation.customInfo.humClientConfig.hHumDesc)     {         /* Store Humidity format*/         FLib_MemCpy(&mPeerInformation.customInfo.humClientConfig.humFormat,                     pDesc->paValue,                     pDesc->valueLength);     }   }      After we store all the data of the Humidity Service, we need to check the notification callback. Every time the Client receives a notification with the BleApp_GattNotificationCallback(),  call the BleApp_PrintHumidity() function and check the Format Value; in this case is 0x27AD  that mean percentage and also have to be the same on the GATT server. static void BleApp_GattNotificationCallback (     deviceId_t serverDeviceId,     uint16_t characteristicValueHandle,     uint8_t* aValue,     uint16_t valueLength ) { /*Compare if the characteristics handle Server is the same of the GATT Server*/     if (characteristicValueHandle == mPeerInformation.customInfo.humClientConfig.hHumidity)     {            BleApp_PrintTemperature(*(uint16_t*)aValue);     }  } BleApp_PrintHumidity() print the value of the Humidity, but first check if the format value is the same. static void BleApp_PrintHumidity (     uint16_t humidity ) {     shell_write("Humidity: ");     shell_writeDec(humidity);      /*If the format value is the same, print the value*/     if (mPeerInformation.customInfo.humClientConfig.humFormat.unitUuid16 == 0x27AD)     {         shell_write(" %\r\n");     }     else     {         shell_write("\r\n");     } } Step to include the file to the demo. 1. Create a clone of the Temperature_Collector with the name of Humidity_Collector 2. Unzip the Humidity_Collector.zip file attached to this post. 3. Save the humidity folder in the fallowing path: <kw40zConnSoft_install_dir>\ConnSw\bluetooth\profiles . 4. Replaces the common folder in the next path: <kw40zConnSoft_install_dir>\ConnSw\examples\bluetooth\humidity_sensor\common . Once you already save the folders in the corresponding path you must to indicate in the demo where they are and drag the file in the humidity folder to the workspace. For test the demo fallow the next steps: Compile the project and run. Press SW1 for the advertising/scanning mode, and wait to connect it. Once the connection finish, press the SW1 of the Humidity Sensor board to get and print the data. Enjoy the demo! NOTE: This demo works with the Humidity Sensor demo. This means that you need one board programmed with the Humidity Sensor application and a second board with the Humidity Collector explained in this post. Figure 3. Example of the Humidity Collector using the Humidity Sensor.

HCI Application is a Host Controller Interface application which provides a serial communication to interface with the KW40/KW41 BLE radio part. It enables the user to have a way to control the radio through serial commands. In this section will be discussed how user could send serial commands to the KW40/KW41 device. “HCI app” file is given to test the BLE functionality. User needs to open the COM port with the configuration 115200 8N1N. Then, it is needed to send commands in Hex format, user can make use of Docklight application. Once HCI application is downloaded to the board, next steps need to be followed:         Open the COM port.       Send the next command in Hex format “01 03 0C 00”. It is to perform a Reset to the radio.       Send the next command in Hex format “01 1E 20 03 26 20 00”. It is to set the radio in Transmit test mode. The number 26 specifies the number of the channel in which user wants to see the signal(valid range is from 0x00 to 0x27, this means from BLE Channel 0 to BLE Channel 39). Number 00 specifies the type of the signal that will be sent, in this case, it is a PBRS9 format. (valid range are from 0x00 to 0x07). Refer to the next table to know the meanings of each type of signal.  Finally, 20 is the number that specifies the length that will be sent in the packet or the payload, in this case, it is configured to 20 (32 bytes), VALID RANGE is from 0x00 to 0x25.       In order to set the radio in Receiver Test Mode. The next command in hex format need to be used "01 1D 20 01 04", this command means that radio would be listening in channel 04. Hence, values "01 1D 20 01" is the command to set the radio in Rx mode, the last value "04' defines the channel in which device is going to listen. As an additional example, if channel 06 is desired, command "01 1D 20 01 06" should be used.     If there is a need to change the output power of the radio. The NXP connectivity software provides the Controller_SetTxPowerLevel() which is called inside of the Controller_TaskInit(). Controller_SetTxPowerLevel() function make use of the following defines to determine the default power output in the application:   mAdvertisingDefaultTxPower_c and mConnectionDefaultTxPower_c. The value range for both is from 0 to 31. The range might be different for each device, so, it needs to be corroborated. This range is applicable only for KW41Z device. For example, for KW40Z, range is from 0 to 15.     The defines are defined in the file ble_controller_task_config.h. Finally, HCI applications can be found in the connectivity software package of your desired device. If the KW40Z is the device under test (DUT), the HCI application is called "hci_app", it can be found in the next path: "<insllation_path>\KW40Z_Connectivity_Software_1.0.1\ConnSw\examples\bluetooth\hci_app"   If the KW41Z is the device under test (DUT), the HCI application is called "hci_black_box", it can be found in the next path: "<insllation_path>\MKW41Z_ConnSw_1.0.2\boards\frdmkw41z\wireless_examples\bluetooth\hci_black_box"