ccache is a C compiler cache. ccache can save a large amount of compilation time on recurring builds and builds restarted from a clean repository after make clean or git clean. It is well suited for e.g. u-boot and Linux compilation. Caching the host compiler Caching "native" builds is easily done by adding in the beginning of your $PATH a special directory, which contains links to ccache to override the usual compiler. On e.g. Debian this directory is readily available as /usr/lib/ccache, So you can do:   $ export PATH="/usr/lib/ccache:$PATH" Typical links found in this folder are:   c++ -> ../../bin/ccache   cc -> ../../bin/ccache   g++ -> ../../bin/ccache   gcc -> ../../bin/ccache etc... Caching the cross compiler Caching cross-compiled builds can be done in the same way as native builds, provided you create links of the form e.g. arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc pointing to ccache. But there is an even more convenient way for those projects, which rely on a $CROSS_COMPILE environment variable (as is the case for e.g. u-boot and Linux). You can prefix the cross compiler with ccache there in e.g. the following way:   $ export CROSS_COMPILE="ccache arm-linux-gnueabihf-" Monitoring efficiency Now that your builds are cached, you might want to see how much is "spared" with this technique. ccache -s will tell you all sorts of statistics, such as:   cache directory                     /home/vstehle/.ccache   cache hit (direct)                 10852   cache hit (preprocessed)            3225   cache miss                         19000   called for link                    33267   called for preprocessing            9463   compile failed                         3   preprocessor error                     1   couldn't find the compiler           117   unsupported source language          921   unsupported compiler option         2167   no input file                      31681   files in cache                     51694   cache size                           1.3 Gbytes   max cache size                       4.0 Gbytes Here you see a somewhat typical 50%/50% hit/miss ratio. Enjoy! See Also ccache is usually supported natively by build systems, such as Buildroot or Yocto.

NFS Network File System (NFS) is a network file system protocol originally developed by Sun Microsystems in 1984, allowing a user on a client computer to access files over a network as easily as if the network devices were attached to its local disks. The use of NFS makes the development work of user space applications easy and fast since all target root file system is located into host (PC) where the applications can be developed and crosscompiled to target system. The target system will use this file system located on host as if it is located on target. NFS service will be used to transfer the root file system from host to target. NFS resources are listed below: All Boards Deploy NFS All Boards NFS on Fedora NFS on Fedora All Boards NFS on Slackware NFS on Slackware All Boards NFS on Ubuntu NFS on Ubuntu

[中文翻译版] 见附件   原文链接： https://community.nxp.com/docs/DOC-342174 

Booting Linux Directly from SD/MMC Card     You can create a self-bootable SD or MMC card with Linux.     This tutorial describes how to create a complete Linux system (bootloader + Linux kernel + root file system) that boots from SD/MMC card.     This is very useful for people willing to demonstrate several Linux images that can be self-contained in SD/MMC cards. Flashing RedBoot on MMC using ATK     To boot Linux from a SD card, the first thing to do is to program the bootloader to the card. For this, click on the link below:     I.MX35 PDK Board Flashing SDCard Flashing RedBoot on MMC using DD     You can also use dd on any linux system to load redboot:   $ sudo dd if=./Desktop/mx35_3stack_redboot_mmc.bin of=/dev/sdd bs=512 skip=2 seek=2 Configuring Kernel to Boot From SD/MMC     Creating a Linux bootable MMC/SD Card.     Execute LTIB:   $ ./ltib -c     Choose configure the kernel:   [*] Configure the kernel     Change image generation to NFS:     Target Image Generation     Options --->     (X) NFS only     Compile Linux kernel with built-in support to MMC/SD and ext3:     Follow that sequence:     Device Drivers --->     <*> MMC/SD card support --->     <*> UniFi SDIO glue for Freescale MMC/SDIO     <*> Freescale i.MX Secure Digital Host Controller Interface support       File systems --->     <*> Ext3 journalling file system support     After the compilation copy the file ~/ltib/rootfs/boot/zImage to tftpboot directory:   $ cp ~/ltib/rootfs/boot/zImage /tftpboot Creating RedBoot Kernel Partition     Create RedBoot partitions and copy Linux kernel to it:     Turn MMC active:   RedBoot> factive MMC     Initialize flash partitions:   RedBoot> fis init       RedBoot> fis list     ... Read from 0x07ee0000-0x07eff000 at 0x00060000: .     Name FLASH addr Mem addr Length Entry point     RedBoot 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00040000 0x00000000     FIS directory 0x00060000 0x00060000 0x0001F000 0x00000000     RedBoot config 0x0007F000 0x0007F000 0x00001000 0x00000000     Load kernel to RAM:   RedBoot> load -r -b 0x100000 /tftpboot/zImage     Using default protocol (TFTP)     Raw file loaded 0x00100000-0x002c31b7, assumed entry at 0x00100000     Create a kernel partition with content of kernel image loaded to RAM:       RedBoot> fis create -f 0x200000 kernel         RedBoot> fis list     ... Read from 0x07ee0000-0x07eff000 at 0x00060000: .     Name FLASH addr Mem addr Length Entry point     RedBoot 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00040000 0x00000000     FIS directory 0x00060000 0x00060000 0x0001F000 0x00000000     RedBoot config 0x0007F000 0x0007F000 0x00001000 0x00000000     kernel 0x00200000 0x00100000 0x001E0000 0x00100000     If you reset your board you need to see:   Booting from [SD card, CSD Version 1.0]     If instead you see this message:   Booting from [unknown version card ]     This means your card is not support, please replace it with other card. Creating the Root File System     After storing the kernel image in the SD card, remove the card from the target board and insert it in your computer (running Linux).     In this example, Linux detected the SD card as /dev/sdb.     Now we need to create two partitions. The first partition will not be used, this is just reserved to RedBoot and kernel. The second partition will be used to store Linux Root File System.   # fdisk /dev/sdb     Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel     Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x526c22da.     Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.     After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.         Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)         Command (m for help): p         Disk /dev/sdb: 1023 MB, 1023934464 bytes     32 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1008 cylinders     Units = cylinders of 1984 * 512 = 1015808 bytes     Disk identifier: 0x526c22da           Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System     Create the first partition with 8 MB; it already contains RedBoot and the kernel, as we stored previously:             Command (m for help): n     Command action       e extended       p primary partition (1-4)     p     Partition number (1-4): 1     First cylinder (1-1008, default 1):     Using default value 1     Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1008, default 1008): +8M     Now, create the second partition using all remaining space on SD card:       Command (m for help): n     Command action       e extended       p primary partition (1-4)     p     Partition number (1-4): 2     First cylinder (10-1008, default 10):     Using default value 10     Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (10-1008, default 1008):     Using default value 1008         Command (m for help): p         Disk /dev/sdb: 1023 MB, 1023934464 bytes     32 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1008 cylinders     Units = cylinders of 1984 * 512 = 1015808 bytes     Disk identifier: 0x526c22da     Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System     /dev/sdb1 1 9 8897 83 Linux     /dev/sdb2 10 1008 991008 83 Linux         Command (m for help): w   Now format the second partition as EXT3: # mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb2   Remove the SD card from your computer and insert again. Probably your Linux distribution will dectect it and will mount automatically.   On Ubuntu 8.10 it was mounted on /dev/media:   # mount   ...   /dev/sdb2 on /media/disk type ext3 (rw,nosuid,nodev,uhelper=hal) If your Linux didn't mount it, then you can mount it manually:   # mkdir -p /media/disk   # mount /dev/sdb2 -t ext3 /media/disk   Enter in your LTIB directory and copy the rootfs content to SD card:   # cd /home/alan/ltib-imx35/rootfs/   # cp -a * /media/disk/   Verify if it was copied correctly:   # ls -l /media/disk/   total 80   drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2009-03-12 09:55 bin   drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2009-03-12 09:53 boot   drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2009-03-12 09:55 dev   drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 2009-03-12 14:41 etc   drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2009-03-12 09:53 home   drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2009-03-12 09:55 lib   lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 2009-03-12 14:47 linuxrc -> bin/busybox   drwx------ 2 root root 16384 2009-03-12 14:37 lost+found   drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 2009-03-12 09:53 mnt   drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2009-03-12 09:53 opt   drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2009-03-12 09:53 proc   drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2009-03-12 10:10 root   drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2009-03-12 09:55 sbin   drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2009-03-12 09:53 sys   drwxrwxrwt 3 root root 4096 2009-03-12 09:53 tmp   drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2009-03-12 09:55 unit_tests   drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 2009-03-12 09:55 usr   drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 2009-03-12 09:55 var   root@urubu:~/ltib-imx25/rootfs#     Now umount the SD card:   # umount /media/disk Configuring RedBoot to Load Kernel and Rootfs from SD/MMC Card     Remove the SD card from your computer and place again in the board.     Configure RedBoot to load the kernel from SD/MMC card and set up the kernel command parameter "root" to load the root file system from second SD/MMC card partition (/dev/mmcblk0p2)     RedBoot> fc     Run script at boot: true     Boot script:     Enter script, terminate with empty line     >> fis load kernel     >> exec -b 0x100000 -l 0x200000 -c "noinitrd console=ttymxc0,115200 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 init=/linuxrc ip=none"     >>     Boot script timeout (1000ms resolution): 1     Use BOOTP for network configuration: false     Gateway IP address: 10.29.244.254     Local IP address: 10.29.244.135     Local IP address mask: 255.255.0.0     Default server IP address: 10.29.240.182     Board specifics: 0     Console baud rate: 115200     Set eth0 network hardware address [MAC]: false     Set FEC network hardware address [MAC]: false     GDB connection port: 9000     Force console for special debug messages: false     Network debug at boot time: false     Default network device: lan92xx_eth0     Update RedBoot non-volatile configuration - continue (y/n)? y     ... Read from 0x07ee0000-0x07eff000 at 0x00060000: .     ... Erase from 0x00060000-0x00080000: .     ... Program from 0x07ee0000-0x07f00000 at 0x00060000: .       Now just reset the board and it will boot directly from SD/MMC card.

Hi all,      I have a problem about usb mass storage driver, that's it can't enumerate my mass storage device.      but it can enumerate my mouse, keyboard...etc hid device.      anyone have idea about it ?      I always get below messages when my mass storage device plugs in.      and below is my dmesg information      My hardware -->      Type A receptacle on otg controller ~

GStreamer has a simple feature to enable tracing, allowing the developer to do basic debugging. These can be done in two ways: Adding the parameter --gst-debug=LIST to the pipeline (a pipeline is a executed gst-launch command) Prepending the environment variable GST_DEBUG=LIST' LIST is a a comma-separated argument, indicating the GStreamer elements to trace. For example, if one needs to trace the sink element      $ GST_DEBUG=*sink*:5 gst-launch playbin2 uri=file:///sample.avi or      $ gst-launch playbin2 uri=file:///sample.avi --gst-debug=*sink*:5 Both commands produces the same log. In case want to trace for than one element, so can simple add the <element>:5, for example      $ GST_DEBUG=mfw_v4lsink:5,vpudec:5 gst-launch playbin2 uri=file:///sample.avi The number 5 indicates the log category, where 5 is the highest (the most verbose log you can get) and 0 produces no output (5=LOG, 4=DEBUG, 3=INFO, 2=WARN, 1=ERROR). Log can be huge in each pipeline run. One way to filter it is using the grep command. Before grepping, one needs to redirect the standard error to the standard output (GStreamer log goes always to stderr), so      $ GST_DEBUG=mfw_v4lsink:5,vpudec:5 gst-launch playbin2 uri=file:///sample.avi 2>&1 | grep <filter string> In case the log needs to be shared, it is important to remove the 'color' of the log, again, one just needs to add the parameter --gst-debug-no-color or prepend the env variable GST_DEBUG_NO_COLOR=1 ----- More shell variables that GStreamer react, can be found here https://developer.gnome.org/gstreamer/0.10/gst-running.html

on Host: libx11-dev libpng-dev libjpeg-dev libxext-dev x11proto-xext-dev qt3-dev-tools-embedded libxtst-dev On Target (i.MX device) alsa-utils libpng tslib

Getting Started for i.MX53 Quick Start Board Here is a quick overview you can follow to get your very first contact with i.MX53 QSB. Introduction Out of box i.MX53 QSB video booting up Ubuntu Original Video: Out of box i.MX53 QSB video booting up Ubuntu with some demo (GPU and VPU) Original Video: How to load a pre-built image Here, you should have loaded your board with the out-of-box SD card. Next step is create your own SD card with some pre-built image. You can find pre-built image packages from Freescale for Linux look for Linux Binary Demo file Please, go to Timesys wikipage[1] and see how to load a pre-built image. You can use some Freescale image or some Timesys image. Both will work! For loading linux OS you need at least 3 images: bootloader image kernel image root file system image or tarball Bootloader For iMX53QSB the default bootloader provided by Freescale is u-boot.You can build your own image using LTIB following the same procedure from here. Kernel You can build a new uImage (kernel binary image to be loaded by u-boot) using LTIB, and you can follow the instructions from here Root File System Root file system is a set of directories and files that become the system environment. How to Built Your Own Image Take BSP package on Freescale i.MX53 QSB web site. Prepare your computer to LTIB installation, see that you need All Boards LTIB. Transfer all images to the SD Card (it will be placed under <ltib_dir>/rootfs/boot). Configure your u-boot environment variable. Boot your board. In case you want to boot via NFS, please follow the next procedure instead. Take BSP package on Freescale i.MX 53 QSB web site. Prepare your computer to LTIB installation, see that you need @all_boards_ltib Configure your computer to be able to provide NFS service: Configure your TFTP server. Configure your NFS server. Configure your u-boot environment variable. Boot your board. Be aware the kernel command line you set on u-boot variable can configure the display.

[中文翻译版] 见附件   原文链接： https://community.nxp.com/docs/DOC-343344 

gst-inspect is a tool to to get documentation about GStreamer elements. Pipeline Check installed GST elements gst-inspect | tail -1 Check installed FSL GST elements gst-inspect | grep imx Element documentation gst-inspect <gst element>

When flashing a Linux System on a SD card using the script mk_mx28_sd on a Ubuntu 12.04 host, one needs to modify it so partitions are created correctly.  Just follow these steps on the console: $ cd $SDK/L2.6.35_10.12.01_SDK_scripts $ cat > first_partition_sector.patch << EOF diff -Naur a/mk_mx28_sd b/mk_mx28_sd --- a/mk_mx28_sd        2010-10-06 09:47:42.000000000 -0500 +++ b/mk_mx28_sd        2012-11-30 13:38:34.508199154 -0600 @@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ n p 1 -1 +2048 +32M t b EOF $ patch -p1 < first_partition_sector.patch then, you can run the mk_mx28_sd command again with the device as parameter                $ cd $LIB $ export PATH=$PATH:$SDK/L2.6.35_10.12.01_SDK_scripts $ mk_mx28_sd /dev/$SDX

The solution works when I use mx53_loco bsp. Modify u-boot and kernel, keep the same. Then you may find you can't login into the system regardless of whatever you input after freescale login: It confused me for a long time. If you  also met this problem,try to check the iomux-mx53.h(linux/arch/arm/plat-mxc/include/mach/). #define _MX53_PAD_PATA_DIOW__UART1_TXD_MUX   IOMUX_PAD(the fourth argument 0x878 should be changed to 0x0) I think this is a small bug in header files. Haifeng

Change ambient graphic - Ambient Grafic:      Fluxbox (low memory and fast initialization) - Install (root):      apt-get update      apt-get install fluxbox - After instalation, edit file /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf and change line:      "greeter-session=unity-grreter"  for  "greeter-session=fluxbox"   if, preference auto login comment this line:      "autologin-user=user"  for  "#autologin-user=user" - Reboot and try fluxbox  🙂

Attached is a chunk of the filesystem for the Linux Image https://community.freescale.com/docs/DOC-93887

The document descript how to use the win32diskimager to create bootable sdcard.  How to resize sdcard mirror rootfs partition. Ex: fsl-image-validation-imx-imx6qpdlsolox.sdcard

The document to descript change the u-boot environment variables under the Linux rootfs.  Also provide a demo on i.MX6ull evk of sdcard mirror.  Linux fw_printenv fw_setenv to access U-Boot's environment variables.pdf  --- the document fw_printenv_fw_setenv_demo_iMX6ullevk_L4.14.98_2.0.0_ga.sdcard  --- demo sdcard mirror

[中文翻译版] 见附件   原文链接： https://community.nxp.com/docs/DOC-343007 

Splash Screen on U-boot for i.MX25 PDK Having a bitmap on the LCD a few seconds after boot is a requirement on several embedded systems, u-Boot supports this feature. However, currently, the code provided on Freescale's BSP only implements support for the LCD controller on Linux. This page provides instructions to add support for the LCDC on the u-boot. 1 - Install Freescale i.MX25 BSP, SDK 1.7 It is available on www.freescale.com. If needed follow the getting started section instructions. 2 - Update u-boot source After installing the BSP and running LTIB for the first time, it's time to update u-boot: - Download u-Boot patch and spec file. - Replace the file "u-boot.spec.in" located at <ltib_path>/config/platform/imx by the one downloaded - Copy the "u-boot-2009.08-1273860148.patch" downloaded to /opt/freescale/pkgs 3 - Extract and rebuild u-boot - To extract the source and aply the patch run: <Ltib_path>$ ./ltib -p u-boot -m prep - Now Build:     <Ltib_path>$ ./ltib -p u-boot -m scbuild    After completing this step an u-Boot binary (u-boot.bin) will be saved at <ltib_path>/rpm/BUILD/u-boot-2009.08 4 - Program the SD card Program a SD card with the new u-Boot binary and a bitmap image to be displayed. Insert the SD and run:      $sudo dd if=<ltib_path>/rpm/BUILD/u-boot-2009.08/u-boot.bin of=/dev/mmcblk0 bs=512 "/dev/mmcblk0" should replaced according to your host, use "dmesg" after inserting the SD to find out where is the SD on your host. Unmount it before issuing the dd command. $sudo dd if="your_image".bmp of=/dev/mmcblk0 bs=512 seek=608 Argument seek 608, skips the first 608 blocks of the SD (608x512) where the uboot is stored. If you need to relocate the image, update also the environment variable "splashimage_mmc_init_block", see step 6. 5 - Boot Boot the image from the SD. Personality Board settings:   12345678 SW22 -> 00000000 SW21 -> 11000000    Debug Board settings: SW5,6,7,8,9,10 -> OFF      12345678 SW4 -> 10000001 Turn on the board and stop at u-boot prompt: MX25 U-Boot > 6 - u-Boot environment variables Update u-Boot environment variables for the splash screen to work: The address in memory to load the splash screen from: MX25 U-Boot > setenv splashimage 0x80800000 The SD device on the board: MX25 U-Boot > setenv splashimage_mmc_dev 0 The block on the SD where the bitmap is stored, this must match the block on step 4. MX25 U-Boot > setenv splashimage_mmc_init_block 0x260  The amount in blocks to be read from the SD card, this depends on the bitmap size, i.e. for a 308278 bytes bitmap, 0x2B5 blocks are enough on a 512 bytes per block SD, (308278 / 512). MX25 U-Boot > setenv splashimage_mmc_blkcnt 0x2b5 The SD card block size in bytes: MX25 U-Boot > setenv splashimage_mmc_blksize 512 Save the environment variables: MX25 U-Boot > saveenv Now reboot the board and you should see the splash screen on the LCD. 7 - Booting Linux When Linux takes control of the board it initializes the LCD controller and Framebuffer again. To maintain the splash screen on the LCD you can replace the Linux Logo with the figure used for the splash screen, the side effect is a blink when Linux takes over the LCDC. To achieve this, create a new image in Gimp and save it as ".ppm". Copy it to Linux "logo" folder <ltib_path>/rpm/BUILD/linux-2.6.31/drivers/video/logo Run: $ ppmquant -mapfile clut_vga16.ppm "my_image.ppm" | pnmnoraw > logo_linux_vga16.ppm where: logo_linux_vga16.ppm is the current logo being used by Linux. Recompile the kernel and boot it.

Minicom       It's a simple terminal program, easy to configure and use. Can be downloaded and installed from your Linux package distribution (Synaptic, apt-get, yum) or through this link.       Minicom is a terminal emulation that can access a remote serial console enabling the configuration of Bootloader or the flash file system of the board.   Configuring       Run Minicom calling it from Terminal:     $ minicom       Reach the cofiguration by typing CTRL-A Z Press key Z after releasing CTRL and A. Configure Minicom to work with i.MX, follow the procedure below.   Set the Serial Port       At the screen configuration, type O, choosing Configure Minicom In menu, choose Serial Port Setup Below, the configuration option:       +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | A - Serial Device  : /dev/ttyS0                            | | B - Lockfile Location  : /var/lock                          | | C - Callin Program  :                                          | | D - Callout Program  :                                        | | E - Bps/Par/Bits  : 115200 8N1                          | | F - Hardware Flow Control : No                          | | G - Software Flow Control : No                            | |                                                                        | | Change which setting?                                      | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+       Type the letter of option to enable the modification. Remember to choose the right Serial Device. Screen       Another useful program to use with serial ports is screen. It is a screen manager with VT100/ANSI terminal emulation usually available in Linux distributions. To open serial device /dev/ttyS0, for example, using 115200 baudrate, simply use:     $ screen /dev/ttyS0 115200       To kill the screen manager, use Ctrl + a, k. For a list of useful parameters and commands, try:     $ man screen