Hi,
I assume there is no hardware conflict on your custom board (CAN0 interface) so the CAN_H and CAN_L pins are routed and treated similarly as in case of CAN1 interface. If you are using higer baudrate please also double-check the presense of termination resistor 120 Ohm.
I'd also validate Sending a data from your board over CAN0 - measure CAN_TX (TTL) signal using logic analyzer to see the output is present on pin. You can hook the signal e.g on CAN trancevier (TTL Tx pin).
If you do not see any activity on pin, after sending a data I'd suggest you to run the debug ession with Non-Working Configuration, execute code and stop right after CAN initialization.
Then please check GPIO pinmux registers - so GPIO PTC2 and PTC3 are set to alt 3.


If it does not help please send us more information about the issue you observe.
Hope it helps.
Stan