Hi Antonio,
I do not recommend to use the debugger console way: because this slows down everything, as the debugger needs to catch the interrupt, read the characters, write them, etc. You don't want your students exposed to that. Even worse: this is not something they will (and should) use later in their projects. Using the debugger for something like this is just a nice demo feature, and that's it. I never used it because of that. If I recall, you would need to add special libraries for this, plus to enable 'semi hosting' in the startup code.
As you are using the FRDM-KL25Z board, why not using the USB CDC which comes with OpenSDA? You can use the normal UART of the KL25Z, and things get written over USB to the PC, even without a debugger.
You say that "my students would have to add lots of code files": I do not consider one .c and three .h files as 'a lot of files'?
In any case, if 4 files are too much: you can combine the three header files into one (just add what you need).
I really hope this helps.
Erich
PS: I'm teaching too, and I hope you are not teaching your class to use printf()? printf() is evil for embedded systems, and should be avoided whenever possible (Why I don’t like printf() ).