Hi,
the timing parameters (along with equation, see Table 52-6) are described in chapter 52.3.2.4 Timing Parameters of the S32K1xx Reference manual.
Data Valid Delay (tVD;DAT) is the maximum time it takes for the data on the SDA line to become valid after a clock edge (SCL). It ensures that the receiver reads the correct data bit. In simpler terms: after the clock goes high, how long can the sender take to put valid data on SDA.
Hold Time (tHD;DAT) is the minimum time that data must remain stable after the clock line goes high. It ensures that the data is not changed too quickly after being clocked in.
BR, Petr