Hi sparkee,
The direction of your observations it's correct.
As you can see in this picture ( S32K1xx Series Reference Manual, Rev. 12.1, 02/2020, page 1197), some of the ADC1 inputs can be switched. This function it's called "interleave".
By default, as you can see here, those switches are in a position (that's the reason for the behavior that you observed when ADC1 was connected to PTB15 J4-10) that doesn't allow you to do what you tried (e.g.: to use ADC1 with pin PTB0). To switch those pins to ADC1, you have to add ADC interleave block. When you do that, let say for PTB0, then ADC0 and ADC1 will be connected to the same input pin. At this time for every SIM_CHIPCTL[x] (ADC switch), you have to add an ADC interleave block, but the function called by this block overwrites the previous one (not a correct behavior). For example, if you want to use interleave for PTC0 and PTC1, you will have to add two ADC interleave blocks, but the second one will overwrite the effect of the first one (and PTC1 will be disconnected from ADC1).

To overcome that you will have to add two blocks (see below): model header block (used to include "adc_interleave.h") and System initialize block used to call once the function "SIM_HAL_SetAdcInterleaveSel(SIM, 3);".

The second parameter is telling the interleave switches to switch the first two switches (SIM_CHIPCTL[0] and SIM_CHIPCTL[1]). This input parameter is formed by 4 bits (0b0011 in our case), where every bit it enables his corresponding switch.
There is one more thing that you have to do, edit "mbd_s32k_user_copy_required_files.m" (path: src\mbdtbx_s32k\mscripts\utils) file to copy the header file to your build project.
Here you have the project modified to have a correct mode of functioning and ".m" file.
We will add a fix for that after release, as a patch, because we have some models that use this ADC interleave block and we must test them all.
Best regards,
Adrian