Hello Yaran,
Ok, i create one ADC sample project on SDK1.2+PE, while for i have not the MK20DX256VLL10 chip , i test on K21D50,
while it is the same , please see the attachment . And when i change the resistance values , the ADC will changed , this screenshot
is the result i test on my side :

- I checked your project about the configuration of fsl_adc16 component , it have no error , my project is the same with yours (except the ADC chn).
So , i think you should be sure what about your ADC signal , you'd better check it use the oscilloscope or other instruments .
And also i don't know whether is the reason of MQX , could you please first create one simple bareboard project , only add fsl_adc , like my project(or directly
copy my code ), test whether it can work well .
Hope it helps
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Have a great day,
Alice