Hi Seth,
This device contains dedicated VREFH and VREFL pins on 64-pin and 48-pin(KL27Z256VFT4) packages.
So I think it's ok to use external reference on VREFH.

The output of On-chip 1.2V high precision voltage reference VREF_OUT shares with VREFH on 64-pin and 48-pin packages. When VREF_OUT is enabled, this pin needs to connect a capacitor to ground.
So you need to check if it was disabled or not.(SIM_SCGC4[VREF]=0)
And set ADCx_SC2[REFSEL]=00 Default voltage reference pin pair, that is, external pins VREFH and VREFL

If you are testing the adc example in SDK2.x, please notice the '#define BOARD_ADC_USE_ALT_VREF 1U' in board.h

Please connect 1v at ADC input pin, what value will you get?
Best Regards,
Robin
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