Hi, Douglas,
For your issue that only the pin 28 (56F84452VLH) which is GPIOB3/ANB3/VREFLB/CMPC_M0 has issue, because the pin is share with ANB3 and VREFLB function, maybe the VrefLB function has impact on the accuracy. But the errata does not mention the issue.
Hi, Plinio,
It seems that your issue is different with the issue of Douglas, you observe that all channels have the 20 LSB noise issue, for the case, pls check the ADC_RESULT register format:

As you can see that the 3 low bit are always 0, if you connect AGND to analog channel, the ADC12_RSLTx is 20 LSB, the actual lsb is about 2~3 bits(20>>3), the noise is about 3mV, i think it is okay. If it is not your case, pls check the ADC driving clock, which must be less than 20MHz.
BR
Xiangjun Rong