Overview The Bluetooth specification defines 4 Generic Access Profile (GAP) roles for devices operating over a Low Energy physical transport [1]: Peripheral Central Broadcaster Observer The Bluetooth Low Energy Host Stack implementation on the Kinetis KW40Z offers devices the possibility to change between any of the 4 roles at run time. This article will present the interaction with the Bluetooth Low Energy Host API needed to implement a GAP multiple role device. General Procedure instructions Running the GAP roles requires the application to go through the following 3 steps: Configuration - Stack configuration for the desired GAP role The application needs to configure the stack parameters, e.g. advertising parameters, advertising data, scan parameters, callbacks. Note that configuration of the advertising parameters or scanning response and advertising data can be done only once if the values don’t change at runtime. The configuration is always made in the Link Layer Standby state. Start - Running the role The application needs to start advertising, scanning or initiate connection. Stop - Return to Standby state When changing between roles, the Link layer must always go through the Link Layer Standby state. Running as a GAP Broadcaster or GAP Peripheral The GAP Broadcaster or Peripheral sends advertising events. Additionally, the GAP Peripheral will accept the establishment of a LE link. This is why the GAP Observer will only support the Non Connectable Advertising mode (gAdvNonConnectable_c). Both roles requires configuration of advertising data, advertising parameters. The configuration (gAppAdvertisingData, gAppScanRspData and gAdvParams) usually resides in app_config.c. The confirmation events for setting these parameters is received in BleApp_GenericCallback. The confirmation event for the changing state of advertising is received in BleApp_AdvertisingCallback. Configuration /* Setup Advertising and scanning data */ Gap_SetAdvertisingData(&gAppAdvertisingData, &gAppScanRspData); /* Setting only for GAP Broadcaster role */ gAdvParams. advertisingType = gAdvNonConnectable_c; /* Set advertising parameters*/ Gap_SetAdvertisingParameters(&gAdvParams); Start App_StartAdvertising(BleApp_AdvertisingCallback, BleApp_ConnectionCallback); Stop Gap_StopAdvertising(); Running as a GAP Observer The GAP Observer receives advertising events. Unlike the GAP Peripheral or Broadcaster, it does not need to set scanning parameters separately. It passes the configuration with the start procedure. The configuration (gAppScanParams) usually resides in app_config.c. The confirmation event for the changing state of scanning is received in BleApp_ScanningCallback. Configuration and Start App_StartScanning(&gAppScanParams, BleApp_ScanningCallback); Stop Gap_StopScanning (); Running as a GAP Central The GAP Central initiates the establishment of the LE link. Like the GAP Observer, it passes the configuration with the start procedure. The configuration (gConnReqParams) usually resides in app_config.c. The confirmation event for the changing state of link is received in BleApp_ConnectionCallback. Configuration and Start Gap_Connect(&gConnReqParams, BleApp_ConnectionCallback); Stop Gap_Disconnect(deviceId); Example An out-of-the box example for multiple role is attached. The application named blood_pressure_multi_role implements a Blood Pressure GATT client and server and can switch between the following GAP roles: Peripheral, Observer and Central. The contents of the archive needs to be copied to the following location: <Installer Path>\KW40Z_Connectivity_Software_1.0.1\ConnSw\examples\bluetooth\ The application can be found at: <Install Path specified>\KW40Z_Connectivity_Software_1.0.1\ConnSw\examples\bluetooth\blood_pressure_multi_role\frdmkw40z\bare_metal\build\iar\blood_pressure_multi_role.eww Running as GAP Peripheral Press SW4. LED1 will start flashing and the console will show that the Link Layer enters Advertising. If the Link Layer was in a previous state, it will go through Standby. static void BleApp_Advertise(void) {     /* Ensure Link Layer is in Standby */     BleApp_GoToStandby();         shell_write(" GAP Role: Peripheral\n\r");     mGapRole = gGapPeripheral_c;         /* Start GAP Peripheral */     App_StartAdvertising(BleApp_AdvertisingCallback, BleApp_ConnectionCallback); } Running as GAP Observer Press SW3. A chasing LED pattern will start and the console will show that the Link Layer enters Scanning. If the Link Layer was in a previous state, it will go through Standby. static void BleApp_Scan(void) {     /* Ensure Link Layer is in Standby */     BleApp_GoToStandby();         shell_write(" GAP Role: Observer\n\r");     mGapRole = gGapObserver_c;         /* Start GAP Observer */     App_StartScanning(&gAppScanParams, BleApp_ScanningCallback); } Running as GAP Central If the Link Layer is in scanning and finds a Blood Pressure Sensor, it will go through Standby and initiate connection. static void BleApp_Connect(void) {     /* Ensure Link Layer is in Standby */     BleApp_GoToStandby();         shell_write(" GAP Role: Central\n\r");     mGapRole = gGapCentral_c;         /* Start GAP Central */     Gap_Connect(&gConnReqParams, BleApp_ConnectionCallback); } Returning to Standby Pressing SW3 for more than 2 seconds, brings the Link Layer back in Standby. static void BleApp_GoToStandby(void) {     /* Check if connection is on */     if (mPeerInformation.deviceId != gInvalidDeviceId_c)     {         /* Stop GAP Central or Peripheral */         Gap_Disconnect(mPeerInformation.deviceId);     }     if (mAdvOn)     {         /* Stop GAP Peripheral or Bradcaster */         Gap_StopAdvertising();     }         if (mScanningOn)     {         /* Stop GAP Observer */         Gap_StopScanning();     } } References [1] BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION Version 4.2 [Vol 3, Part C], 2.2 PROFILE ROLES

In developing a Zigbee application, certain static configuration is required before the application is built. Configuring the network size, adding a new cluster, making the device discoverable and adding a new endpoint can be done by changing parameters in the following files: app_zps_cfg.h app_zcl_cfg.h app_zcl_global.c These files are responsible for setting up network parameters like device type and associated parameters, mainly related to the APS and NWK layers of the ZigBee PRO stack. Network Configuration The ZigBee device can be configured to be a coordinator, router and end device. The following section details the way in which the user can configure each device type. The app_zps_cfg header file lets the user configure the ZPS ZDO parameters of the node. The following macros are necessary for the corresponding device types: For coordinator in a ZigBee network #define ZPS_COORDINATOR #define ZPS_ZDO_DEVICE_TYPE                              ZPS_ZDO_DEVICE_COORD For router in a ZigBee network #define ZPS_ROUTER #define ZPS_ZDO_DEVICE_TYPE                              ZPS_ZDO_DEVICE_ROUTER For enddevice in a ZigBee network #define ZPS_ENDDEVICE #define ZPS_ZDO_DEVICE_TYPE                              ZPS_ZDO_DEVICE_ENDDEVICE Other ZPS ZDO configurations which are defined using macro are explained in comments inside the header file (app_zps_cfg.h). These macros provide the user with the ability to configure the device according to their network needs. The type of security for the ZigBee network can also be configured by the macro ZPS_ZDO_NWK_KEY_STATE. The user can change the security type to no network security (ZPS_ZDO_NO_NETWORK_KEY), pre-configured link key security (ZPS_ZDO_PRECONFIGURED_LINK_KEY), distributed link key security (ZPS_ZDO_DISTRIBUTED_LINK_KEY) or pre-configured installation code security (ZPS_ZDO_PRCONFIGURED_INSTALLATION_CODE). /* Specify No network Security */ #define ZPS_ZDO_NWK_KEY_STATE                               ZPS_ZDO_NO_NETWORK_KEY The application allows through this header file to configure ZPS APS AIB parameters, like extended PANID (ZPS_APS_AIB_INIT_USE_EXTENDED_PANID) or channel mask (ZPS_APS_AIB_INIT_CHANNEL_MASK). /* NWK EXTENDED PANID (EPID) that the device will use.*/ #define ZPS_APS_AIB_INIT_USE_EXTENDED_PANID                 0x0000000000000000ULL /*! CHANNEL MASK : Define all channels from 11 to 26*/ #define ZPS_APS_AIB_INIT_CHANNEL_MASK                       0x07fff800UL User can also configure the simple descriptor table size (AF_SIMPLE_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_SIZE) as part of the ZPS AF Layer configuration parameters.The value depends on number of endpoints defined in application, one endpoint is always reserved for ZDO . So, for a device with one endpoint, the value would be 2 (1 ZDO + 1 application endpoint) #define AF_SIMPLE_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_SIZE                     2 Among other ZPS network configuration parameters that can be changed by the user are scan duration (ZPS_SCAN_DURATION), default permit joining time (ZPS_DEFAULT_PERMIT_JOINING_TIME) and the maximum number of simultaneous key requests (ZPS_MAX_NUM_SIMULTANEOUS_REQUEST_KEY_REQS). Also, NIB values can be changed, like for example, the maximum number of routers in the network (ZPS_NWK_NIB_INIT_MAX_ROUTERS), the maximum number of children for a node (ZPS_NWK_NIB_INIT_MAX_CHILDREN), the maximum network depth (ZPS_NWK_NIB_INIT_MAX_DEPTH) or the network security level (ZPS_NWK_NIB_INIT_SECURITY_LEVEL). Different ZigBee network table sizes can be adjusted by the user from this header file. The important tables are mentioned below: The active neighbor table size (ZPS_NEIGHBOUR_TABLE_SIZE). The neighbor discovery table size, used to keep a list of the neighboring devices associated with the node (ZPS_NEIGHBOUR_DISCOVERY_TABLE_SIZE). The network address map table size, which represents the size of the address map that maps 64-bit IEEE addresses to 16-bit network (short) addresses (ZPS_ADDRESS_MAP_TABLE_SIZE). The network security material set size (ZPS_SECURITY_MATERIAL_SETS). The broadcast transaction table size, which stores the records of the broadcast messages received by the node (ZPS_BROADCAST_TRANSACTION_TABLE_SIZE). The route record table size (ZPS_ROUTE_RECORD_TABLE_SIZE) for the table that records each route, storing the destination network address, a count of the number of relay nodes to reach the destination and a list of the network addresses of the relay nodes. The route discovery table size (ZPS_ROUTE_DISCOVERY_TABLE_SIZE), used by the node to store temporary information used during route discovery. The MAC address table size (ZPS_MAC_ADDRESS_TABLE_SIZE). The binding table size (ZPS_BINDING_TABLE_SIZE). The group table size (ZPS_GROUP_TABLE_SIZE). The number of supported network keys, known also as the security material sets (ZPS_KEY_TABLE_SIZE). The child table size (ZPS_CHILD_TABLE_SIZE), that gives the size of the persisted sub-table of the active neighbor table. The stored entries are for the node’s parent and immediate children. The trust center device table size (ZPS_TRUST_CENTER_DEVICE_TABLE_SIZE). ZCL Configuration The app_zcl_cfg header file is used by the application to configure the ZigBee Cluster library. This file contains the definition for the application profile and cluster ids. The default application profiles are ZDP, HA, ZLO, GP. The ZDP (ZigBee Device Profile) id is identified by the following line: #define ZDP_PROFILE_ID             (0x0000) ZDP provides services for the following categories as cluster Ids: Device discovery services (for example, ZDP_DISCOVERY_CACHE_REQ_CLUSTER_ID) Service discovery services (for example, ZDP_IEEE_ADDR_REQ_CLUSTER_ID) Binding services (for example, ZDP_BIND_RSP_CLUSTER_ID) Management services (for example, ZDP_MGMT_NWK_DISC_REQ_CLUSTER_ID) The HA (Home Automation) profile id is identified by the following line: #define HA_PROFILE_ID             (0x0104) HA provides services for the following categories as cluster Ids: Generic devices (for example, HA_BASIC_CLUSTER_ID) Lighting devices (for example, HA_LEVELCONTROL_CLUSTER_ID) Intruder Alarm System (IAS) devices (for example, HA_IASZONE_CLUSTER_ID) The ZLO (ZigBee Lighting and Occupancy) profile is not an application profile but devices in this collection use the same application profile id as for the Home Automation application profile. This ensures backward compatibility with applications for devices based on the Home Automation 1.2 profile. ZigBee Green Power (GP) is an optional cluster with the aim of minimizing the power demands on a network node in order to support: Nodes that are completely self-powered through energy harvesting Battery-powered nodes that require ultra-long battery life The GP profile id is identified by the following line: #define GP_PROFILE_ID               (0xa1e0) The Zigbee GP cluster ID is defined as following: #define GP_GREENPOWER_CLUSTER_ID    (0x0021) Depending on the application, the app_zcl_cfg header file also contains the defines for the node endpoints. For example, the occupancy_sensor application contains the following endpoints: /* Node 'Coordinator' */ /* Endpoints */ #define COORDINATOR_ZDO_ENDPOINT    (0) #define COORDINATOR_COORD_ENDPOINT    (1) /* Node 'OccupancySensor' */ /* Endpoints */ #define OCCUPANCYSENSOR_ZDO_ENDPOINT    (0) #define OCCUPANCYSENSOR_SENSOR_ENDPOINT    (1)   /* Node 'LightSensor' */ /* Endpoints */ #define LIGHTSENSOR_ZDO_ENDPOINT    (0) #define LIGHTSENSOR_SENSOR_ENDPOINT    (1)   /* Node 'LightTemperatureOccupancySensor' */ /* Endpoints */ #define LIGHTTEMPERATUREOCCUPANCYSENSOR_ZDO_ENDPOINT    (0) #define LIGHTTEMPERATUREOCCUPANCYSENSOR_SENSOR_ENDPOINT    (1) The source file app_zcl_globals.c is used to declare the cluster lists for each endpoint. These act as simple descriptors for the node. Each endpoint has two cluster lists, containing uint16_t data. One is for input and one for output. The sizes of these two lists must be equal. For example, for endpoint 0, the declared lists will be the following: PRIVATE const uint16 s_au16Endpoint0InputClusterList[16]  =  { 0x0000, 0x0001, 0x0002, 0x0003, 0x0004, 0x0005, 0x0006 , 0x0007, \                                                               0x0008, 0x0010, 0x0011, 0x0012, 0x0012, 0x0013, 0x0014 , 0x0015}; PRIVATE const uint16 s_au16Endpoint0OutputClusterList[16] = { 0x0000, 0x0001, 0x0002, 0x0003, 0x0004, 0x0005, 0x0006 , 0x0007, \                                                              0x0008, 0x0010, 0x0011, 0x0012, 0x0012, 0x0013, 0x0014 , 0x0015}; The input list must also have a corresponding cluster APDU list, matching in size. For the endpoint 0 example, this will look like: PRIVATE const PDUM_thAPdu s_ahEndpoint0InputClusterAPdus[16] = { apduZDP, apduZDP, apduZDP, apduZDP, apduZDP, apduZDP, apduZDP, apduZDP,\                                                                  apduZDP, apduZDP, apduZDP, apduZDP, apduZDP, apduZDP, apduZDP, apduZDP}; Each output and input cluster list has a corresponding cluster discovery enabled flags list. As each bit inside the Cluster Disc Flag corresponds to cluster , for 16 clusters declared in Input and Output cluster list, one needs 2 bytes for Discoverable flag. In this example, the declaration is the following: PRIVATE uint8 s_au8Endpoint0InputClusterDiscFlags[2] = {0x1F, 0x08}; PRIVATE uint8 s_au8Endpoint0OutputClusterDiscFlags[2] = {0x08, 0x1B}; These parameters are registered in the node’s endpoints simple descriptor structure. The declared variable for the structure is s_asSimpleDescConts and its size depends on the number of endpoints available on the node. For example, for two endpoints, the declaration will be as below: PUBLIC zps_tsAplAfSimpleDescCont s_asSimpleDescConts[2] = {     {         {             0x0000,             0,             0,             0,             84,             84,             s_au16Endpoint0InputClusterList,             s_au16Endpoint0OutputClusterList,             s_au8Endpoint0InputClusterDiscFlags,             s_au8Endpoint0OutputClusterDiscFlags,         },         s_ahEndpoint0InputClusterAPdus,         1     },     {         {             0x0104,             0,             0,             1,             6,             4,             s_au16Endpoint1InputClusterList,             s_au16Endpoint1OutputClusterList,             s_au8Endpoint1InputClusterDiscFlags,             s_au8Endpoint1OutputClusterDiscFlags,         },         s_ahEndpoint1InputClusterAPdus,         1     }, }; The AF Context definition is as below: typedef struct _zps_tsAplAfSimpleDescCont {     ZPS_tsAplAfSimpleDescriptor sSimpleDesc;     const PDUM_thAPdu *phAPduInClusters;     bool_t bEnabled; } zps_tsAplAfSimpleDescCont; And the endpoint simple descriptor has the following structure definition: typedef struct {     uint16 u16ApplicationProfileId;     uint16 u16DeviceId;     uint8  u8DeviceVersion;     uint8  u8Endpoint;     uint8  u8InClusterCount;     uint8  u8OutClusterCount;     const uint16 *pu16InClusterList;     const uint16 *pu16OutClusterList;     uint8 *au8InDiscoveryEnabledFlags;     uint8 *au8OutDiscoveryEnabledFlags; } ZPS_tsAplAfSimpleDescriptor;

OVERVIEW This document shows how to include the PowerLib to enable low power functionality in connectivity software projects that does not include it. It shows step by step instructions on how to import, configure and use this module. ADD POWER LIBRARY INTO A NEW PROJECT Once you have installed the “Connectivity Software” package, browse for the extracted files (typically located in C:\Freescale\KW40Z_Connectivity_Software_1.0.0). In this location search for the LowPower folder, then copy and paste it into your new project folder. Open your IAR project and create a new group called “Low Power”. Inside this group add two new groups called “Interface” and “Source”. In the Windows explorer, open the LowPower folder copied in the previous step. Drag and drop the contents of the "Interface" folder to the "Interface" group in IAR. Do the same for the "Source" folder. You can also use the option "Add Files" in the group menu to add the files. Note: Do not copy the “PWR_Platform.c” and “PWR_Platform.h” files. Once you have copied the files in their respective folders, you need to add the paths of these files in the project environment. Right click on the project name and select "Options". In Options go to “C/C++Compiler”, select “Preprocessor” and click on the red square. The next window will appear. Click on <Click to add>  to open the windows explorer. Navigate to the folder PowerLib/Interface in your project to add the "Interface" folder path. Repeat this step with the "Source" folder. HOW TO CONFIGURE LOW POWER To use low power in your project you need to define the following macros in the “app_preinclude.h” file: /* Enable/Disable PowerDown functionality in PwrLib */ #define cPWR_UsePowerDownMode           1 /* Enable/Disable BLE Link Layer DSM */ #define cPWR_BLE_LL_Enable              1 /* Default Deep Sleep Mode*/ #define cPWR_DeepSleepMode              4 cPWR_UsePowerDownMode enables the necessary functions to use low power in your project. cPWR_BLE_LL_Enable configures the link layer to work in doze mode when in low power, and cPWR-DeepSleepMode defines the deep sleep mode the MCU will enter when the low power function is executed. There are the six different modes that can be used.   Mode 1: MCU/Radio low power modes:         MCU in LLS3 mode.         BLE_LL in DSM.       Wakeup sources:       GPIO (push button) interrupt using LLWU module.        BLE_LL wake up interrupt(BLE_LL reference clock reaches wake up instance register)  using LLWU module.              - BTE_LL wakeup timeout: controlled by the BLE stack(SoC must be awake before next BLE action).              - BTE_LL reference clock source:   32Khz oscillator              - BTE_LL reference clock resolution:     625us                            Mode 2: MCU/Radio low power modes:         MCU in LLS3 mode.         BLE_LL in DSM.       Wakeup sources:         GPIO (push button) interrupt using LLWU module.         BLE_LL wake up interrupt(BLE_LL reference clock reaches wake up instance register)  using LLWU module.                - BTE_LL wakeup timeout: cPWR_DeepSleepDurationMs by default. Use PWR_SetDeepSleepTimeInMs  to change it at run time. Maximum timeout is 40959 ms. BLE suppose to be idle.                - BTE_LL reference clock source:   32Khz oscillator                - BTE_LL reference clock resolution:     625us   Mode  3: MCU/Radio low power modes:         MCU in LLS3 mode.         BLE_LL in idle.       Wakeup sources:        GPIO (push button) interrupt using LLWU module.        DCDC PowerSwitch - available in buck mode only.        LPTMR interrupt using LLWU module           - LPTMR wakeup timeout: cPWR_DeepSleepDurationMs by default. Use PWR_SetDeepSleepTimeInMs to change it at run time. Maximum timeout is 65535000 ms (18.2 h).           - LPTMR clock source:   32Khz oscillator           - LPTMR resolution:     modified at run time to meet timeout value. Mode 4: MCU/Radio low power modes:         MCU in VLLS0/1 mode(VLLS0 if DCDC bypassed/ VLLS1 otherwise ).        BLE_LL in idle.       Wakeup sources:        GPIO (push button) interrupt using LLWU module.         DCDC PowerSwitch - available in buck mode only. Mode 5: MCU/Radio low power modes:        MCU in VLLS2 (4k Ram retention (0x20000000- 0x20000fff)).        BLE_LL in idle.       Wakeup sources:         GPIO (push button) interrupt using LLWU module.         DCDC PowerSwitch - available in buck mode only.   Mode 6: MCU/Radio low power modes:         MCU in STOP.       Wakeup sources:         GPIO (push button) interrupt using LLWU module.         DCDC PowerSwitch - available in buck mode only.         LPTMR wakeup timeout: cPWR_DeepSleepDurationMs by default. Use PWR_SetDeepSleepTimeInMs to change it at run time. Maximum timeout is 65535000 ms (18.2 h).          - LPTMR clock source:   32Khz oscillator           - LPTMR resolution:     modified at run time to meet timeout value.           - LPTMR resolution:     modified at run time to meet timeout value.         Radio interrupt LL or 802.15.4         UART Configuring Wakeup Source The PowerLib software includes preconfigured wakeup methods for low power. These methods are described below and a couple of examples are included. From Reset: Comming from Reset From PSwitch_UART: Wakeup by UART interrupt From KeyBoard: Wakeup by TSI/Push button interrupt From LPTMR: Wakeup by LPTMR timer interrupt From Radio:  Wakeup by RTC timer interrupt From BLE_LLTimer:  Wakeup by BLE_LL Timer DeepSleepTimeout:  DeepSleep timer overflow. SleepTimeout: Sleep timer overflow. Configure Module Wakeup using LPTMR This example explains how to configure the third deep sleep mode using the LPTMR as wakeup source. The desired low power mode must be configured in the file app_preinclude.h. /* Default Deep Sleep Mode*/ #define cPWR_DeepSleepMode            3 On the same file, the macro cPWR_DeepSleepDurationMs macro must be added. It defines the time the MCU will be in low power mode before being waken by the low power timer. By default it it set to 10 seconds (10000 milliseconds). #define cPWR_DeepSleepDurationMs     10000 This defines the time that the device will remain asleep by default. The PWR_SetDeepSleepTimeInMs function can be used to change this period at run time. Consider that the maximum time period is 65535000 ms (18.2 hours). PWR_SetDeepSleepTimeInMs(10000); Also the deep sleep mode can be changed at run time with the following function. PWR_ChangeDeepSleepMode(3); For further power reduction, all the modules not in use must be turned off . To run in this mode, all the timers except the LPTMR must be turned off. The device enters in low power mode with the following code lines in the main application. PWR_SetDeepSleepTimeInMs(cPWR_DeepSleepDurationMs); PWR_ChangeDeepSleepMode(3); PWR_AllowDeviceToSleep(); Configure GPIO (Push Button) wakeup. In the “PWRLib.c” file, find the “PWRLib_Init” function. It contains the code to initialize the LLWU pins to be used for wakeup. Chip configuration Reference Manual chapter contains information on which LLWU pins are tied to GPIOs on the MCU. For this example LLWU pins 6 and 7 (which are tied to PTA18 and PTA19 in the MCU) are used.   LLWU_PE1 = 0x00;   LLWU_PE2 = LLWU_PE2_WUPE7(0x03) | LLWU_PE2_WUPE6(0x03);   LLWU_PE3 = 0x00;   LLWU_PE4 = 0x00; Since the LLWU pin sources work as GPIO interrupts, the propper ports in the MCU must be configured. Following code shows howthese pins are configured in the MCU.   /* PORTA_PCR18: ISF=0,MUX=1 */   PORTA_PCR18 = (uint32_t)((PORTA_PCR18 & (uint32_t)~(uint32_t)(                                                                 PORT_PCR_ISF_MASK |                                                                   PORT_PCR_MUX(0x06)                                                                     )) | (uint32_t)(                                                                                     PORT_PCR_MUX(0x01)                                                                                       ));   PORTA_PCR19 = (uint32_t)((PORTA_PCR19 & (uint32_t)~(uint32_t)(                                                                 PORT_PCR_ISF_MASK |                                                                   PORT_PCR_MUX(0x06)                                                                     )) | (uint32_t)(                                                                                     PORT_PCR_MUX(0x01)                                                                                       )); Once the pins have been defined, it is neccesary to configure them as Keyboard inputs for the Power Lib. Go to "PWRLib.h" and find the next define: #define  gPWRLib_LLWU_KeyboardFlagMask_c (gPWRLib_LLWU_WakeupPin_PTA18_c | gPWRLib_LLWU_WakeupPin_PTA19_c ) In this define you must place the pins that were configured previously as wakeup sources. Using Low Power in the Project When you define "cPWR_UsePowerDownMode"  in app_preinclude.h, it automatically creates a task in "ApplMain.c" called "App_Idle_Task". When executed by the OS scheduler, this task verifies if the device can go to sleep. This statement is always false unless the next function is called. PWR_AllowDeviceToSleep(); This function indicates the program that the device can enter in low power and will execute the neccesary code to enter in the power mode configured at that time. Note: Before you allow the device to sleep, disable all uneccessary modules and turn off all leds. When the device is ready to enter in low power (all the application layers allows it and the device is in an iddle state) function PWR_EnterLowPower() must be called. This function will enter the MCU into the selected low power mode. On the HID example this is done into the iddle task as shown below. #if (cPWR_UsePowerDownMode) static void App_Idle(void) {     PWRLib_WakeupReason_t wakeupReason;         if( PWR_CheckIfDeviceCanGoToSleep() )     {         /* Enter Low Power */         wakeupReason = PWR_EnterLowPower(); #if gFSCI_IncludeLpmCommands_c         /* Send Wake Up indication to FSCI */         FSCI_SendWakeUpIndication(); #endif #if gKeyBoardSupported_d              /* Woke up on Keyboard Press */         if(wakeupReason.Bits.FromKeyBoard)         {             KBD_SwitchPressedOnWakeUp();             PWR_DisallowDeviceToSleep();         } #endif                  if(wakeupReason.Bits.DeepSleepTimeout)         {           Led1On();           for(;;)           {}         }     } } #endif /* cPWR_UsePowerDownMode */ PWR_CheckIfDeviceCanGoToSleep() function checks that all the application layers are agree on entering in low power mode (checking that PWR_DisallowDeviceToSleep() function hasn't been called). If everything is ok, function PWR_EnterLowPower() enters the device in low power and waits for a wakeup event.

This document describes how to add additional cluster to the router application in the AN12061-MKW41Z-AN-Zigbee-3-0-Base-Device Application Note.   The Router application's main endpoint contains Basic, Groups, Identify and OnOff server. The steps below describe how to add two clusters to Router: Temperature Measurement server and OnOff client. Note that these changes only go as far as making the new clusters added and discoverable, no functionality has been added to these clusters. Router/app_zcl_cfg.h The first step is to update the application ZCL Configuration file to add the new clusters (OnOff Client, Temperature Measurement Server) to the Router application endpoint. The HA profile already contains few clusters but Temperature Measurement cluster was added:   /* Profile 'HA' */ #define HA_ILLUMINANCEMEASUREMENT_CLUSTER_ID (0x0400) #define HA_DEFAULT_CLUSTER_ID                (0xffff) #define HA_OTA_CLUSTER_ID                    (0x0019) #define HA_TEMPMEASUREMENT_CLUSTER_ID        (0x0402) Router/app_zcl_globals.c The OnOff client was already present in Router endpoint but made discoverable and the Temperature Measurement cluster was added and made discoverable into Router application endpoint.The clusters are added to the Input cluster list (Server side) and output cluster list (Client side) and made discoverable using DiscFlag only for the cluster list for which it is enabled. So, assuming you need to add OnOff cluster client, you would need to use add the cluster id (0x0006 for OnOff) into input cluster list (Server side of cluster) and output cluster list (Client side of the cluster) and make it discoverable for output cluster list as it is a client cluster. For temperature measurement, you need to make it discoverable for input Cluster list as below: PRIVATE const uint16 s_au16Endpoint1InputClusterList[6] = { 0x0000, 0x0004, 0x0003, 0x0006, HA_TEMPMEASUREMENT_CLUSTER_ID , 0xffff, }; PRIVATE const PDUM_thAPdu s_ahEndpoint1InputClusterAPdus[6] = { apduZCL, apduZCL, apduZCL, apduZCL, apduZCL, apduZCL, }; PRIVATE uint8 s_au8Endpoint1InputClusterDiscFlags[1] = { 0x1f }; PRIVATE const uint16 s_au16Endpoint1OutputClusterList[5] = { 0x0000, 0x0004, 0x0003, 0x0006, HA_TEMPMEASUREMENT_CLUSTER_ID, }; PRIVATE uint8 s_au8Endpoint1OutputClusterDiscFlags[1] = { 0x08 }; Now update Simple Descriptor structure (see the declaration of zps_tsAplAfSimpleDescCont and ZPS_tsAplAfSimpleDescriptor structures to understand how to correctly fill the various parameters) to reflect the input cluster and output cluster list correctly as below : PUBLIC zps_tsAplAfSimpleDescCont s_asSimpleDescConts[2] = { {    {       0x0000,       0,       0,       0,       84,       84,       s_au16Endpoint0InputClusterList,       s_au16Endpoint0OutputClusterList,       s_au8Endpoint0InputClusterDiscFlags,       s_au8Endpoint0OutputClusterDiscFlags,    },    s_ahEndpoint0InputClusterAPdus,    1 }, {    {       0x0104,       0,       1,       1,       6,       5,       s_au16Endpoint1InputClusterList,       s_au16Endpoint1OutputClusterList,       s_au8Endpoint1InputClusterDiscFlags,       s_au8Endpoint1OutputClusterDiscFlags,    },    s_ahEndpoint1InputClusterAPdus,    1 }, }; Router/zcl_options.h This file is used to set the options used by the ZCL. Enable Clusters The cluster functionality for the router endpoint was enabled: /****************************************************************************/ /*                             Enable Cluster                               */ /*                                                                          */ /* Add the following #define's to your zcl_options.h file to enable         */ /* cluster and their client or server instances                             */ /****************************************************************************/ #define CLD_BASIC #define BASIC_SERVER #define CLD_IDENTIFY #define IDENTIFY_SERVER #define CLD_GROUPS #define GROUPS_SERVER #define CLD_ONOFF #define ONOFF_SERVER #define ONOFF_CLIENT #define CLD_TEMPERATURE_MEASUREMENT #define TEMPERATURE_MEASUREMENT_SERVER Enable any optional Attributes and Commands for the clusters /****************************************************************************/ /* Temperature Measurement Cluster - Optional Attributes */ /* */ /* Add the following #define's to your zcl_options.h file to add optional */ /* attributes to the time cluster. */ /****************************************************************************/ #define CLD_TEMPMEAS_ATTR_TOLERANCE /****************************************************************************/ /* Basic Cluster - Optional Commands */ /* */ /* Add the following #define's to your zcl_options.h file to add optional */ /* commands to the basic cluster. */ /****************************************************************************/ #define CLD_BAS_CMD_RESET_TO_FACTORY_DEFAULTS /****************************************************************************/ /* OnOff Cluster - Optional Commands */ /* */ /* Add the following #define's to your zcl_options.h file to add optional */ /* commands to the OnOff cluster. */ /****************************************************************************/ #define CLD_ONOFF_CMD_OFF_WITH_EFFECT  Add the cluster creation and initialization into ZigBee Base device definitions The cluster functionality for some of the clusters (like OnOff Client) is already present on ZigBee Base Device. For Temperature Measurement cluster the functionality was added into ZigBee Base Device. <SDK>/middleware/wireless/Zigbee_3_0_6.0.6/core/ZCL/Devices/ZHA/Generic/Include/base_device.h The first step was including the Temperature Measurement header files into base device header file as shown below:  #ifdef CLD_TEMPERATURE_MEASUREMENT #include "TemperatureMeasurement.h" #endif The second step was adding cluster instance (tsZHA_BaseDeviceClusterInstances) into base device Instance as shown below: /* Temperature Measurement Instance */ #if (defined CLD_TEMPERATURE_MEASUREMENT) && (defined TEMPERATURE_MEASUREMENT_SERVER) tsZCL_ClusterInstance sTemperatureMeasurementServer; #endif The next step was to define the cluster into the base device structure (tsZHA_BaseDevice) as below: #if (defined CLD_TEMPERATURE_MEASUREMENT) && (defined TEMPERATURE_MEASUREMENT_SERVER) tsCLD_TemperatureMeasurement sTemperatureMeasurementServerCluster; #endif <SDK>/middleware/wireless/Zigbee_3_0_6.0.6/core/ZCL/Devices/ZHA/Generic/Include/base_device.c The cluster create function for Temperature Measurement cluster for server was called in ZigBee base device registration function:   #if (defined CLD_TEMPERATURE_MEASUREMENT) && (defined TEMPERATURE_MEASUREMENT_SERVER)    /* Create an instance of a Temperature Measurement cluster as a server */    if(eCLD_TemperatureMeasurementCreateTemperatureMeasurement(&psDeviceInfo->sClusterInstance.sTemperatureMeasurementServer,                                                    TRUE,                                                    &sCLD_TemperatureMeasurement,                                                    &psDeviceInfo->sTemperatureMeasurementServerCluster,                                                    &au8TemperatureMeasurementAttributeControlBits[0]) != E_ZCL_SUCCESS)   {       return E_ZCL_FAIL;    } #endif Router/app_zcl_task.c Temperature Measurement Server Cluster Data Initialization - APP_vZCL_DeviceSpecific_Init() The default attribute values for the Temperature Measurement clusters are initialized: PRIVATE void APP_vZCL_DeviceSpecific_Init(void) {    sBaseDevice.sOnOffServerCluster.bOnOff = FALSE;    FLib_MemCpy(sBaseDevice.sBasicServerCluster.au8ManufacturerName, "NXP", CLD_BAS_MANUF_NAME_SIZE);    FLib_MemCpy(sBaseDevice.sBasicServerCluster.au8ModelIdentifier, "BDB-Router", CLD_BAS_MODEL_ID_SIZE);    FLib_MemCpy(sBaseDevice.sBasicServerCluster.au8DateCode, "20150212", CLD_BAS_DATE_SIZE);    FLib_MemCpy(sBaseDevice.sBasicServerCluster.au8SWBuildID, "1000-0001", CLD_BAS_SW_BUILD_SIZE);    sBaseDevice.sTemperatureMeasurementServerCluster.i16MeasuredValue = 0;    sBaseDevice.sTemperatureMeasurementServerCluster.i16MinMeasuredValue = 0;    sBaseDevice.sTemperatureMeasurementServerCluster.i16MaxMeasuredValue = 0; }

This article will describe in detailed steps how to generate, build and test a Bluetooth low energy Heart Rate Sensor project on the FRDM-KW41Z evaluation board by using the Bluetooth Developer Studio (BDS) and the NXP Kinetis BDS Plug-in. Getting Started To use this plug-in and test its output, the following programs are required:  - Bluetooth Developer Studio v1.1.306 or newer: Bluetooth Developer Studio & Plugins | Bluetooth Technology Website   - NXP Semiconductors Kinetis Plug-in v1.0.0: Link  - Kinetis SDK 2.0 with support for MKW41Z and Bluetooth Stack version 1.2.2: Link  - Kinetis SDK 2.0 add-on for BDS (found in the same package as the plug-in)  - Kinetis BLE Toolbox Android or iOS mobile application To enable the NXP Kinetis BDS Plug-in in the Bluetooth Developer Studio, follow please the installation details in the readme.txt document included in the downloaded plug-in archive. Creating the project with BDS Create a new project by clicking FILE-> NEW PROJECT. Add project location, name and namespace as detailed below: Drag and drop an adopted Heart Rate Profile from the right hand side list. Your device should import the following services:   Next step will be to configure the GAP layer. Click on the GAP button. First tab will be the Advertising Data. Enter desired values and check which AD types you want to include in the advertising packets. A bar below will show you how much bytes your data uses. Make sure you do not use more than the 32 bytes available. Next step is to configure the GAP properties. Make sure you check at least one advertising channel and a reasonable advertising interval range, as presented below:     Click TOOLS->GENERATE CODE. Select Server as GATT side to be generated and NXP Semiconductors Kinetis v1.0.0 as the plug-in. BDS will prompt you to enter a location for the exported files. After generating the files, another window with the results log will appear. If no error messages appear, the generation is successful. Check the “Open output location when finished” box and hit the “Finish” button. A folder with the following content will open: Using the generated code Copy the contents inside the following folder:  "<SDK 2.0 installation folder>\middleware\wireless\bluetooth_1.2.2\examples\bds_template_app". To generate the “bds_template_app” embedded project and test it, follow the instructions detailed in the Bluetooth Quick Start Guide document from the SDK. Seeing the application in action Before compiling the application add the following code snippet in app.c inside BleApp_HandleKeys:         case gKBD_EventPressPB2_c:         {             mUserData.cRrIntervals = 0;             mUserData.expendedEnergy = 100;             Hrs_RecordHeartRateMeasurement(service_heart_rate, 120, &mUserData);             break;         } This will allow the board to send heart rate data of 120 bpm while in a connection and when pressing button SW3 on the FRDM-KW41Z board. The value can be seen when using Kinetis BLE Toolbox, as shown below:

This document describes the Persistent Data Manager (PDM) module which handles the storage of stack context data and application data in Non-Volatile Memory (NVM). For the KW41Z devices, this memory is internal Flash and this document will therefore refer to Flash. Tip: In this document, a cold start refers to either a first-time start or a re-start without memory (RAM) held. A warm start refers to a re-start with memory held (for example following sleep with memory held). 1.    Overview If the data needed for the operation of a network node is stored only in on-chip RAM, this data is maintained in memory only while the node is powered and will be lost during an interruption to the power supply (e.g. power failure or battery replacement). This data includes context data for the network stack and application data. In order for the node to recover from a power interruption with continuity of service, provision must be made for storing essential operational data in Non-Volatile Memory (NVM), such as Flash. This data can then be recovered during a re-boot following power loss, allowing the node to resume its role in the network. The storage and recovery of operational data in KW41Z Flash can be handled using the Persistent Data Manager (PDM) module, as described in the rest of this document, which covers the following topics: Initializing the PDM module - see Section 2 Managing data in Flash - see Section 3 PDM features like record searching by record ID – see Section 4 The PDM can be used with ZigBee PRO and IEEE802.15.4 wireless networking protocols. 2.    Initializing the PDM and Building a File System Using the Kinetis NVM framework requires that the user must register the necessary data sets for NVM writing. This is done by calling function NVM_RegisterDataSet(). This function registers the given data set to be written in the NVM_TABLE section from Flash. The PDM module must be initialized by the application following a cold or warm start, irrespective of the PDM functionality used (e.g. context data storage or counter implementation). PDM initialization is performed using the function PDM_eInitialise(). This function requires the following information to be specified: The number of Flash sectors to be used by PDM (a zero value means use all segments) Once the PDM_eInitialise() function has been called, the PDM module builds a file system in RAM containing information about the sectors that it manages in Flash. The PDM reads the header data from each Flash sector and builds the file system. Application records are grouped and initialized in function InitAplRecords(), while network stack records are grouped and initialized in function InitNwkRecords(). For ZigBee PRO, the PDM is used in its most general form, as described above. 3.    Managing Data in Flash This section describes use of the PDM module to persist data in Flash in order to provide continuity of service when the KW41Z device resumes operation after a cold start or a warm start without memory held. Data is stored in Flash in terms of ‘records’. A record occupies at least one Flash sector but may be larger than a sector and occupy multiple sectors. Any number of records of different lengths can be created, provided that they do not exceed the Flash capacity. The records are created automatically for stack context data and by the application (as indicated in Section 3.1) for application data. Each record is identified by a unique 16-bit value which is assigned when the record is created - for application data, this identifier is user-defined. The stack context data which is stored in Flash includes the following: Application layer data: AIB members, such as the EPID and ZDO state Group Address table Binding table Application key-pair descriptor Trust Centre device table Network layer data: NIB members, such as PAN ID and radio channel Neighbor table Network keys Address Map table On performing a KW41Z cold start or warm start without RAM held, the PDM must be initialized in the application as described in Section 2. If this is the first ever cold start, there will be no stack context data or application data preserved in the Flash. If it is a cold or warm start following previous use (such as after a reset), there should be stack context data and application data preserved in the Flash. On start-up, the PDM builds a file system in RAM and scans the Flash for valid data. If any data is found, it is incorporated in the file system. Saving and recovering application data in Flash are described in the subsections below. 3.1   Saving Data to Flash       Application data and stack context data are saved from RAM to Flash as described below.       Note: During a data save, if the Flash needs to be defragmented and purged, this will be performed automatically resulting in all records being re-saved.     Application data           You should save application data to Flash when important changes have been made to the data in RAM. Application data in RAM can be saved to an individual record           in Flash using the function PDM_eSaveRecordData(). A buffer of data in RAM is saved to a single record in Flash (a record may span multiple Flash sectors).          The records are created when calling PDM_eInitialise(). These records are traced by a unique 16-bit identifier assigned by the application - this identifier is subsequently          used to reference the record. The value used must not clash with those used by the NXP libraries - the ZigBee PRO stack libraries use values above 0x8000.          Subsequently, in performing a re-save to the same record (specified by its 16-bit identifier), the original Flash sectors associated with the record will be overwritten but          only the sector(s) containing data changes will be altered (if no data has changed, no write will be performed). This method of only making incremental saves improves          the occupancy level of the size-restricted Flash.     Stack Context Data          The NXP ZigBee PRO stack automatically saves its own context data from RAM to Flash when certain data items change. This data will not be encrypted. 3.2   Recovering Data from Flash       Application data and stack context data are loaded from the Flash to RAM as described below.     Application Data             During a cold start or a warm start without memory held, once the PDM module has been initialized (see Section 2.2), PDM_eReadDataFromRecord() must be called             for each record of application data in Flash that needs to be copied to RAM.     Stack Context Data             The function PDM_eReadDataFromRecord(), described above, is not used for records of stack context data. Loading this data from the Flash to RAM is handled             automatically by the stack (provided that the PDM has been initialized). 3.3   Deleting Data in Flash         All records (application data and stack context data) in the Flash can be deleted using the function PDM_vDeleteAllDataRecords().          Caution: You are not recommended to delete records of ZigBee PRO stack context data by calling PDM_vDeleteAllDataRecords() before a rejoin of the same secured          network. If these records are deleted, data sent by the node after the rejoin will be rejected by the destination node since the frame counter has been reset on the source          node. For more information and advice, refer to the “Application Design Notes” appendix in the ZigBee 3.0 Stack User Guide. 4.    PDM Features PDM offers a function that can be used to search for a specific record by using the 16-bit record ID. This function is called PDM_GetNVMTableEntry() and the required parameters are the record ID and an output pointer for the found entry. Another available PDM feature is providing a mechanism to safely write the data to NVM. This is done by calling the function PDM_vCompletePendingOperations(), which calls the appropriate NVM function that is used to complete all writings to NVM before any other operation. As an example, user can use this function to make sure that the data is written to the NVM before a reset.

One of the most difficult part of creating connected medical applications is, actually, keep it connected. Different protocols are available to transmit information from a medical device to a database or user interface. Sometimes integrating our application to the current communication protocols can be as difficult as developing the device itself. Freescale has launched its Bluetooth® Low Energy (BLE) chips, and with them, a complete software stack that integrates most of the available profiles for BLE oriented applications. Using this set, it becomes easy to integrate your current medical application to use BLE as communications method. Freescale Connectivity Software Examples The connectivity software includes examples to demonstrate BLE communications with a smartphone device. Using these examples as a base facilitates the integration with an existing application and reduces the required time it takes to have a fully connected application. This post uses as an example the Heart Rate Monitor demo to show how these applications can be customized. Modifying general device information The BLE services information reported by the device is stored in a file named “gatt_db.h”. This services information is what is shown on a smartphone when the device has connected. The Generic Access Profile service includes the device name reported when advertising. To change it just replace the device name between “” and update the character count. Detailed device information is accessed via the Device Information Service including the manufacturer name, model and serial number etcetera. This information can also be adjusted to the custom device requirements by modifying the string between “” and updating the character number. Adapting example code to report application data The connectivity software includes some predefined services that can be used to customize the server to report our application data. These predefined services already include structures with the information that needs to be reported to the client. On the application example file app.c some of these services are configured. For the heart rate service, a variable of type hrsConfig_t is created containing configuration information of the heart rate sensor such as the supported characteristics and sensor location. All of these characteristics are described in the heart rate service file heart_rate_interface.h /* Service Data*/ static basConfig_t      basServiceConfig = {service_battery, 0}; static disConfig_t      disServiceConfig = {service_device_info}; static hrsUserData_t    hrsUserData; static hrsConfig_t hrsServiceConfig = {service_heart_rate, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, gHrs_BodySensorLocChest_c, &hrsUserData}; static uint16_t cpHandles[1] = { value_hr_ctrl_point }; /*! Heart Rate Service - Configuration */ typedef struct hrsConfig_tag {     uint16_t             serviceHandle;     bool_t               sensorContactSupported;     bool_t               sensorContactDetected;     bool_t               energyExpandedEnabled;     hrsBodySensorLoc_t   bodySensorLocation;     hrsUserData_t        *pUserData; } hrsConfig_t; This information is used to configure the server when the function BleApp_Config is called. /* Start services */ hrsServiceConfig.sensorContactDetected = mContactStatus; #if gHrs_EnableRRIntervalMeasurements_d    hrsServiceConfig.pUserData->pStoredRrIntervals = MEM_BufferAlloc(sizeof(uint16_t) * gHrs_NumOfRRIntervalsRecorded_c); #endif    Hrs_Start(&hrsServiceConfig); basServiceConfig.batteryLevel = BOARD_GetBatteryLevel(); Bas_Start(&basServiceConfig); /* Allocate application timers */ mAdvTimerId = TMR_AllocateTimer(); Once the server is configured, the application is stated by entering the device in advertising state in order to make it visible for clients. This is done by calling the function BleApp_Advertise that configures the server to start advertising. void BleApp_Start(void) { /* Device is not connected and not advertising*/ if (!mAdvState.advOn) { #if gBondingSupported_d if (mcBondedDevices > 0) { mAdvState.advType = fastWhiteListAdvState_c; } else { #endif mAdvState.advType = fastAdvState_c; #if gBondingSupported_d } #endif BleApp_Advertise(); } #if (cPWR_UsePowerDownMode)    PWR_ChangeDeepSleepMode(1); /* MCU=LLS3, LL=DSM, wakeup on GPIO/LL */ PWR_AllowDeviceToSleep(); #endif       } Once the server has been found and a connection has been stablished with the client, the configured services must be started. This is done by calling the “subscribe” function for each service. For heart rate sensor, the function Hrs_Suscribe must be called. This function is available from the heart_rate_interface files. /* Subscribe client*/ Bas_Subscribe(peerDeviceId);        Hrs_Subscribe(peerDeviceId); #if (!cPWR_UsePowerDownMode)  /* UI */            During connection, the application measurements can be reported to the client by using the “record measurement” functions included in the service interfaces. For the heart rate sensor this is the Hrs_RecordHeartRateMeasurement function. static void TimerMeasurementCallback(void * pParam) { uint16_t hr = BOARD_GetPotentiometerLevel(); hr = (hr * mHeartRateRange_c) >> 12; #if gHrs_EnableRRIntervalMeasurements_d    Hrs_RecordRRInterval(&hrsUserData, (hr & 0x0F)); Hrs_RecordRRInterval(&hrsUserData,(hr & 0xF0)); #endif if (mToggle16BitHeartRate) { Hrs_RecordHeartRateMeasurement(service_heart_rate, 0x0100 + (hr & 0xFF), &hrsUserData); } else { Hrs_RecordHeartRateMeasurement(service_heart_rate, mHeartRateLowerLimit_c + hr, &hrsUserData); } Hrs_AddExpendedEnergy(&hrsUserData, 100); #if (cPWR_UsePowerDownMode) PWR_SetDeepSleepTimeInMs(900); PWR_ChangeDeepSleepMode(6); PWR_AllowDeviceToSleep();    #endif } This updates the current measurement and sends a notification to the client indicating that a new measurement report is ready. Many profiles are implemented in the connectivity software to enable already developed medical applications with BLE connectivity. APIs are easy to use and can significantly reduce the development times.

This patch fixes some minor issues with the Connectivity Software v1.0.2 when working with the Kinetis BLE Toolbox application for smartphones. Following issues are fixed. BLE OTAP Application: Fixes application failing to download the new image when the previous image upload has been interrupted due a disconnection. BLE Wireless UART: Fixes MTU exchange issue causing some characters not bein shown in the smartphone application in iOS and Android. Hybrid BLE + Thread console: Fixes MTU exchange issue causing some characters not bein shown in the smartphone application console in iOS and Android. Make sure the Connectivity Software version 1.0.2 is installed in your computer before proceeding to install this application.

As mentioned in this other post, its important to have the correct trim on the external XTAL. However, once you have found the required trim to properly adjust the frequency, it is not very practical to manually adjust it in every device. So here is where changing the default XTAL trim comes in handy. KW41Z With the KW41 Connecitivity Software 1.0.2, it is a pretty straightforward process. In the hardware_init.c file, there is a global variable mXtalTrimDefault. To change the default XTAL trim, simply change the value of this variable. Remember it is an 8 bit register, so the maximum value would be 0xFF. KW40Z With the KW40, it is a similar process; however, it is not implemented by default on the KW40 Connectivity Software 1.0.1, so it should be implemented manually, following these steps: Create a global variable in hardware_init.c to store the default XTAL trim, similar to the KW41:  /* Default XTAL trim value */ static const uint8_t mXtalTrimDefault = 0xBE;‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ Overwrite the default XTAL trim in the hardware_init() function, adding these lines after NV_ReadHWParameters(&gHardwareParameters):    if(0xFFFFFFFF == gHardwareParameters.xtalTrim)   {       gHardwareParameters.xtalTrim = mXtalTrimDefault;   }‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ Add this define to allow XTAL trimming in the app_preinclude.h file:  /* Allows XTAL trimming */ #define gXcvrXtalTrimEnabled_d  1‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ Once you have found the appropriate XTAL trim value, simply change it in the global variable declared in step 1.

If the application running in the KW41Z does not operate in low power mode, the device could work without the 32 kHz oscillator. However, for it to work correctly, the clock configuration must be changed. Figure 1.  KW41Z clock distribution By default, the software stack running on the KW41Z selects a clock source that requires the 32 kHz oscillator. However, if the 32 kHz oscillator is not available, the clock configuration must be changed. Fortunately, the option to change it is already implemented, it is only required to change the clock configuration to the desired one. To do this, change the value for the CLOCK_INIT_CONFIG macro located in the app_preinclude.h file. /* Define Clock Configuration */ #define CLOCK_INIT_CONFIG           CLOCK_RUN_32‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ In the selected mode in this example, CLOCK_RUN_32, the selected clock mode is BLPE (Bypassed Low Power External). In this mode, the FLL is bypassed entirely, and clock is derived from the external RF oscillator, in this case, the 32 MHz external clock. These macros are the default available options to change the clock configuration, they are located in the board.h file. It is up to the application and the developer to chose the most appropriate configuration. #define CLOCK_VLPR       1U #define CLOCK_RUN_16     2U #define CLOCK_RUN_32     3U #define CLOCK_RUN_13     4U #define CLOCK_RUN_26     5U #define CLOCK_RUN_48_24  6U #define CLOCK_RUN_48_16  7U #define CLOCK_RUN_20_FLL 8U‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ More information regarding the different clock modes and their clock sources are available in the KW41Z reference manual, Chapter 5: Clock Distribution, section 5.4 Clock definitions, and Chapter 24: Multipurpose Clock Generator.

Hello all, let me share a video demonstration of the Thread Smart Home model. See the link below: Thread Smart Home model Best regards, Karel

This Application Note provides guidance on migrating ZigBee 3.0 Base device application designed for the NXP JN516x wireless microcontrollers to the KW41Z with the help of attached PDF.

[中文翻译版] 见附件   原文链接： https://community.nxp.com/docs/DOC-340508

[中文翻译版] 见附件   原文链接： https://community.nxp.com/docs/DOC-340993