Not really a MCU suggestion ...
I would focus on the serial input. An 48MHz synchronous clock is relatively high. SPI should cover it, but it still results in a significant throughput. You will very likely need DMA or a FIFO support.
Just having some experience with SD cards, clock rates beyond 25MHz require a proper PCB layout and bus termination, or you get physical signal problems.
> 2) External SDRAM memory interface
I would be careful with that. External memory is usually only 16-bit wide, making it significantly slower than internal RAM, and additionally causing internal bus contention with the throughput-demanding serial input.
I would go for data package sizes not larger than 4 kB, thus the internal RAM of many M3 or M4 devices would suffice.