I think you need to study the CAN/filter section for the LPC55xx. While I don't know that specific MCU, this is not how other MCUs and CAN filter settings work.
You settings contradict each other. When rejecting IDs 0 to 7FF, there will be nothing left to process.
But more important, these filters do not stop the CAN peripheral from receiving such frames on the bus, nor do they stop it from acknowledging frames. This is a CAN bus requirement.
The filter settings only affect what messages will be copied to the internal message buffer(s) and create interrupts. In other words, the core only notices those messages you set to accept.