Hi giusloq
Normally, the internally pull up is week pull up as below pic. We use transistor to simulate resistance as internal pull up. it's tens of KOhm.
ZhangJennie_0-1652172016874.png
According to LPC546xx UM, Ipu is 6-30uA when VDD < VI < 5 V
ZhangJennie_1-1652173230016.png
Weak pull-up is that when the output is high, the current that can be output is very small, and it is easy to be pulled low by other strong pull-up, so it is called weak pull-up. For example, the pull-up current is 30 uA. The pull-up capacity is determined by the size of the pull-up resistance.
So I suggest you using external pull up as reference design suggested.
Thanks,
Jun Zhang