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The chip is working as if the pins were numbered in inverse fashion (S39 instead of S0, S38 instead of S1 and so on).
Loading the ram from address 0 in static mode, according to the images, should put MSB to LSB the byte in the RAM (MSB address 0, LSB address 7) and so on with an automatic increment of 8. This happens in the old PCF8576.
On the PCF85176, with the same command and data sent, what happens is that it's like we put the mirrored byte starting from the end of the row (MSB address 39, LSB address 32) with an automatic decrement of 8. Situation that could be caused by the wrong segment numbering on the datasheet.
If S0 (pin 4) would be S39, S1 -> S38, S2 -> S37 and so on, it would all make sense.