There is no explicit tutorial from Freescale for any of theirs families of microcontrollers, the
MC9S08QG8 Quick Start Tips isnt in the Freescale page, but its here in this forum, its an excellent tutorial that can help you, also you can try search for some module that you wanna use in the aplications notes, you can learn alot about the modules if you read an aplications note that use the module.Search for this documents :
-M68HC05TB
-M68HC05AG
Those are introduction guides(books) for anyone that knows nothing about microcontrollers.
There is an HC08 book in the web by Omer Cerid,search for HC08 book in emule its very good,if you give me your email i send it to you.
The
MC9S08QG8 Quick Start Tips could be your best options but dosnt have some things that you mentions: memory map, instruction set, block diagrams and use C programing not assembler.