LS2088ARDB - How to deploy TF-A binaries in QSPI NOR flash

Trusted Firmware for Cortex-A (TF-A) is an implementation of EL3 secure firmware. TF-A replaces PPA in secure firmware role.

           In LS2088ARDB, Boot option switching between parallel NOR boot and QSPI NOR boot cannot be performed using commands. Boot option switching can be done by adjusting DIP switch settings and jumper settings on the Reference Design Board. For details, see Layerscape Software Development Kit User Guide.

To migrate to the TF-A boot flow from the previous boot flow (with PPA), you need to compile the TF-A binaries, bl2_<boot_mode>.pbl and fip.bin, and flash these binaries on the specific boot medium on the board.

For QSPI NOR flash boot, you need to compile the following TF-A binaries.

TF-A binary name	Components
bl2_qspi.pbl	BL2 binary: Platform initialization binary RCW binary for QSPI NOR flash
fip.bin	BL31: Secure runtime firmware BL32: Trusted OS, for example, OPTEE (optional) BL33: U-Boot/UEFI image

Follow these steps to compile and deploy TF-A binaries (bl2_qspi.pbl and fip.bin) in QSPI NOR flash.

Compile RCW binary
Compile U-Boot binary
[Optional] Compile OPTEE binary
Compile TF-A binaries (bl2_qspi.pbl and fip.bin) for QSPI NOR flash
Program TF-A binaries to QSPI NOR flash

Step 1: Compile RCW binary

You need to compile the rcw_2000_qspi.bin binary to build the bl2_qspi.pbl binary.

Clone the  rcw repository and compile the PBL binary.

$ git clone https://source.codeaurora.org/external/qoriq/qoriq-components/rcw
$ cd rcw
$ git checkout -b <new branch name> <LSDK tag>. For example, $ git checkout -b LSDK-19.09 LSDK-19.09
$ cd ls2088ardb
If required, make changes to the rcw files.
$ make

The compiled PBL binary for QSPI NOR flash on LS2088ARDB, rcw_2000_qspi.bin, is available at rcw/ls2088ardb/FFFFFFFF_PP_HH_0x2a_0x41

See the rcw/ls2088ardb/README file for an explanation of the naming convention for the directories that contain the RCW source and binary files.

Step 2: Compile U-Boot binary

You need to compile the u-boot.bin binary to build the fip.bin binary.

Clone the u-boot repository and compile the U-Boot binary for TF-A.

$ git clone https://source.codeaurora.org/external/qoriq/qoriq-components/u-boot.git
$ cd u-boot
$ git checkout -b <new branch name> LSDK-<LSDK version>. For example, $ git checkout -b LSDK-19.09 LSDK-19.09
$ export ARCH=arm64
$ export CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu-
$ make distclean
$ make ls2088ardb_tfa_defconfig
$ make

If the make command shows the error "*** Your GCC is older than 6.0 and is not supported", ensure that you are using Ubuntu 18.04 64-bit version for building LSDK 18.12 and onwards U-Boot binary.

The compiled U-Boot image, u-boot.bin, is available at u-boot/.

Step 3: [Optional] Compile OP-TEE binary

You need to compile the tee.bin binary to build fip.bin with OPTEE. However, OPTEE is optional, you can skip the procedure to compile OPTEE if you want to build the FIP binary without OPTEE.

Clone the optee_os repository and build the OPTEE binary.

$ git clone https://source.codeaurora.org/external/qoriq/qoriq-components/optee_os
$ cd optee_os
$ git checkout -b <new branch name> LSDK-<LSDK version>. For example, $ git checkout -b LSDK-19.09 LSDK-19.09
$ export ARCH=arm
$ export CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu-
$ make CFG_ARM64_core=y PLATFORM=ls-ls2088ardb
$ aarch64-linux-gnu-objcopy -v -O binary out/arm-plat-ls/core/tee.elf out/arm-plat-ls/core/tee.bin

The compiled OPTEE image, tee.bin, is available at optee_os/out/arm-plat-ls/core/.

Step 4: Compile TF-A binaries for QSPI NOR flash

Clone the atf repository and compile the TF-A binaries, bl2_qspi.pbl and fip.bin.

$ git clone https://source.codeaurora.org/external/qoriq/qoriq-components/atf
$ cd atf
$ git checkout -b <new branch name> LSDK-<LSDK version>. For example, $ git checkout -b LSDK-19.09 LSDK-19.09
$ export ARCH=arm64
$ export CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu-
Build BL2 binary with OPTEE.
- $ make PLAT=ls2088ardb bl2 SPD=opteed BOOT_MODE=qspi BL32=<path_to_optee_binary>/tee.bin pbl RCW=<path_to_rcw_binary>/rcw_2000_qspi.bin
  The compiled BL2 binaries, bl2.bin and bl2_qspi.pbl are available at atf/build/ls2088ardb/release/.
  For any update in the BL2 source code or RCW binary, the bl2_qspi.pbl binary needs to be recompiled.
```
To compile the BL2 binary without OPTEE:
make PLAT=ls2088ardb bl2 BOOT_MODE=qspi pbl RCW=<path_to_rcw_binary>/rcw_2000_qspi.bin
                                                 
```
Build FIP binary with OPTEE and without trusted board boot.
- $ make PLAT=ls2088ardb fip BL33=<path_to_u-boot_binary>/u-boot.bin SPD=opteed BL32=<path_to_optee_binary>/tee.bin
  The compiled BL31 and FIP binaries, bl31.bin, fip.bin, are available at atf/build/ls2088ardb/release/.
  For any update in the BL31, BL32, or BL33 binaries, the fip.bin binary needs to be recompiled.
```
To compile the FIP binary without OPTEE and without trusted board boot:
make PLAT=ls2088ardb fip BOOT_MODE=sd BL33=<path_to_u-boot_binary>/u-boot.bin
To compile the FIP binary with trusted board boot, refer the read me at <atf repository>/plat/nxp/README.TRUSTED_BOOT
                                  
```

Step 5: Program TF-A binaries to QSPI NOR flash

Boot LS2088ARDB from QSPI. Ensure that the switches and jumpers are set to boot the board from QSPI. For booting from QSPI:
SW5[1:8] = 1111 1111
SW3[1:8] = 0011 0001
SW4[1:8] = 0011 1111
SW6[1:8] = 1111 1111
SW7[1:8] = 0100 1010
SW9[1:8] = 0100 0100
SW8[1:8] = 0111 1111
In addition to the above switch settings, make sure the following jumper settings are correct (for RDB Rev E and later).
- J8 = 1-2 for QSPI boot, via onboard QSPI flash
- J8 = 2-3 for QSPI boot, via QSPI emulator
- J14 = 2-3, for QSPI boot
For LS2088ARDB, in boot log, you'll see:
Board: LS2088AE Rev1.1-RDB, Board Arch: V0, Board version: A, boot from vBank: 0

TF-A binaries can be loaded to LS2088ARDB from a TFTP server or from a mass storage device (SD, USB, or SATA).

Option 1: Load TF-A binaries from the TFTP server

Set up Ethernet connection

When board boots up, U-Boot prints a list of enabled Ethernet interfaces.

DPMAC1@xgmii, DPMAC2@xgmii, DPMAC3@xgmii, DPMAC4@xgmii, DPMAC5@xgmii, DPMAC6@xgmii, DPMAC7@xgmii, DPMAC8@xgmii

Set server IP address to the IP address of the host machine on which you have configured the TFTP server.
=> setenv serverip <ipaddress1>

Set ethact and ethprime as the ethernet interface connected to the TFTP server.

See LS2088ARDB Ethernet port mapping for the mapping of Ethernet port names appearing on the chassis front panel with the port names in U-Boot and Linux.

=> setenv ethprime <name of interface connected to TFTP server>

For example:

=> setenv ethprime DPMAC3@xgmii

=> setenv ethact <name of interface connected to TFTP server>

For example:

=> setenv ethact DPMAC3@xgmii

Set IP address of the board. You can set a static IP address or, if the board can connect to a dhcp server, you can use the dhcp command.
Static IP address assignment:
=> setenv ipaddr <ipaddress2>
=> setenv netmask <subnet mask>
=> setenv gatewayip <gateway addr>
Dynamic IP address assignment:
=> dhcp
Save the settings. => saveenv
Check the connection between the board and the TFTP server.

=> ping $serverip

Using DPMAC3@xgmii device

host 192.168.1.1 is alive

Load TF-A binaries from the TFTP server

For details about the flash image layout for TF-A binaries, refer LSDK memory layout for TF-A boot flow.

Program QSPI NOR flash: => sf probe 0:0
Flash bl2_qspi.pbl:
- => tftp 0xa0000000 bl2_qspi.pbl
- => sf erase 0x0 +$filesize && sf write 0xa0000000 0x0 $filesize
Flash fip.bin:
- => tftp 0xa0000000 fip.bin
- => sf erase 0x100000 +$filesize && sf write 0xa0000000 0x100000 $filesize
Boot from QSPI NOR flash: => reset
LS2088ARDB will boot with TF-A. In the boot log, you will see:
=> NOTICE: UDIMM 18ASF1G72AZ-2G3B1
NOTICE: 16 GB DDR4, 64-bit, CL=15, ECC on, 256B, CS0+CS1
NOTICE: UDIMM 18ASF1G72AZ-2G3B1
NOTICE: 4 GB DDR4, 32-bit, CL=11, ECC on, CS0+CS1
NOTICE: BL2: v1.5(release):LSDK-19.09
NOTICE: BL2: Built : 15:19:13, Nov 11 2019
NOTICE: BL31: v1.5(release):LSDK-19.09
NOTICE: BL31: Built : 15:21:14, Nov 11 2019
NOTICE: Welcome to LS2088 BL31 Phase
U-Boot 2019.04 (Nov 11 2019 - 15:12:53 +0530)
SoC: LS2088AE Rev1.1 (0x87090011)
Clock Configuration:
CPU0(A72):2000 MHz CPU1(A72):2000 MHz CPU2(A72):2000 MHz
CPU3(A72):2000 MHz CPU4(A72):2000 MHz CPU5(A72):2000 MHz
CPU6(A72):2000 MHz CPU7(A72):2000 MHz
Bus: 800 MHz DDR: 2133.333 MT/s DP-DDR: 1600 MT/s
Reset Configuration Word (RCW):
00000000: 503040c0 50500050 00000000 00000000
00000010: 00000000 00000000 00a00000 00000000
00000020: 01e01180 00002581 00000000 00000000
00000030: 00400c0b 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000040: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000050: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000060: 00000000 00000000 00027000 00000000
00000070: 412a0000 00040000
Model: Freescale Layerscape 2080a RDB Board
Board: LS2088AE Rev1.1-RDB, Board Arch: V0, Board version: A, boot from vBank: 0

Option 2: Load image from partition on mass storage device (SD, USB, or SATA)

Select mass storage device to use.
```
=> mmc rescan
```
```
=> mmc info
```
Or
```
=> usb start
=> usb info
```
Or
=> scsi scan
=> scsi info

Optional – List files on storage device

=> ls mmc <device:partition>

For example:

=> ls mmc 0:2

=> ls usb <device:partition>

For example:

=> ls usb 0:1

=> ls scsi <device:partition>

For example:

=> ls scsi 0:2

If the ls command fails to run, check that U-Boot in QSPI NOR flash supports the command by typing ls at the U-Boot prompt:
=> ls
ls - Lists files in a directory (default)
Usage:
ls <interface> [<dev[:part]> [directory]]
- Lists files in directory [directory] of partition [part] on device type [interface] and instance [dev].
If U-Boot does not support this command, then update the composite firmware image in QSPI NOR flash.
For steps to update composite firmware image in QSPI NOR flash, see Layerscape Software Development Kit User Guide .

Use the following command if the SD card is formatted/created using LSDK flex-installer command:
=> load <interface> [<dev[:part]> [<addr> [<filename> [bytes [pos]]]]]
For example:
=> load mmc 0:2 $load_addr bl2_qspi.pbl
Use the following command if the SD card is formatted/created on a Windows PC:
=> fatload <interface> [<dev[:part]> [<addr> [<filename> [bytes [pos]]]]]
For example:
=> fatload mmc 0:2 $load_addr bl2_qspi.pbl
Use the following command if the SD card is formatted/created on a Linux PC:
=> ext2load <interface> [<dev[:part]> [<addr> [<filename> [bytes [pos]]]]]
For example:
=> ext2load mmc 0:2 $load_addr bl2_qspi.pbl
Also note that LSDK flex-installer command puts the images on the IInd partition, so 0:2 is used in the load command. If the SD card is formatted on Windows PC or Linux PC for single partition only, then 0 should be used instead of 0:2 in the fatload/ext2load command.

Load bl2_qspi.pbl image from the storage device
=> load mmc 0:2 0xa0000000 <image name>
=> print filesize
For example:
=> load mmc 0:2 0xa0000000 bl2_qspi.pbl
=> print filesize
filesize=14379
Or
=> load usb 0:2 0xa0000000 <image name>
=> print filesize
Or
=> load scsi 0:2 0xa0000000 <image name>
=> print filesize
Program bl2_qspi.pbl to QSPI NOR flash: => sf erase 0x0 +$filesize && sf write 0xa0000000 0x0 $filesize
Load fip.bin image from the storage device
=> load mmc 0:2 0xa0000000 <image name>
=> print filesize
For example:
=> load mmc 0:2 0xa0000000 fip.bin
=> print filesize
filesize=131510
Or
=> load usb 0:2 0xa0000000 <image name>
=> print filesize
Or
=> load scsi 0:2 0xa0000000 <image name>
=> print filesize
Program fip.bin to QSPI NOR flash: => sf erase 0x100000 +$filesize && sf write 0xa0000000 0x100000 $filesize
Boot from QSPI NOR flash: => reset
LS2088ARDB will boot with TF-A.

LS2088ARDB - How to deploy TF-A binaries in QSPI NOR flash

LS2088ARDB - How to deploy TF-A binaries in QSPI NOR flash