Thanks for your reply. I also suspect it's the upload step.
1080p@30fps is quite some data, but not uncommon nowadays, so I thought, the board could handle this without problems.
Is there a possibility to do this without moving the data around too much? Maybe with the GL Pixel Buffer Objects you mentioned? I'll have a look at that ...
The format coming from the camera is UYVY.
I didn't address the conversion step, yet. The plan was doing that inside the shader.