My Ubuntu environment does not see my Pixel 5 either.
I tried installing android-sdk, but that did not seem to help.
The only adb operation which seems to do anything is 'adb connect 192.168.1.105:5037' which reports 'connected to 192.168.1.105:5037', but further 'adb devices' or 'adb shell' etc report no devices found.
When I try to connect the target's USB to my macbook pro and run android file transfer, no deviecs are found. This works fine with my Pixel 5.
I tried rebuilding my imx8mq android 11 world with 'lunch dart_mx8mq-eng' instead of 'lunch dart_mx8mq-userdebug' in hopes that this would enable the adb path. I see that I no longer have to manually enable developer mode, which is nice, but still not USB connectivity.