If you had connected higher voltage than allowed to input or power supply pin, it may damage the device as it is out of absolute maximum ratings (S32K3xx Data Sheet, Table 2).
There are several aspects of device operation outside of the absolute maximum specifications:
1) Device may not work properly.
2) Even in case it would, the device will be stressed and device lifetime may be shortened.
3) User cannot apply warranty claim in case device is operated out of specification.
Consequences caused by using the device out of specification can be - local overheating, silicon vaporizing, latent failures, and so on.
I can't answer your questions clearly as I may depend on many factors, for instance failure time. Seemingly the device may work normally but it may have some internal circuits broken (for instance protection circuits), it is called “walking wounded” and it may work stop working later.
Specifically for your case, if you're sure the fault occurred after connecting the higher voltage than allowed, it would probably be worth trying to order a new MCU and replace it. But I can't guarantee success.
