Hello James,
1.
No, only the master features the FIFO.

2 & 3.
This is not specified, but the LPI2C Slave supports clock stretching.
Refer to AN5301 Using LPI2C on KL28, Section 6.2. Configure stall
https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/application-note/AN5301.pdf
Or the S32K1xx RM, rev.13, Section 52.3.3.3 Clock Stretching
In both configurations, the LPI2C Slave stalls the bus (SCL held low) until the data are read and the transfer acknowledged.
4.
If the LPI2C slave receives a STOP condition, the SDF flag is set.
But again, the Master can't send a STOP condition while the bus is being stalled.

UM10204 I2C-bus specification and user manual
https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/user-guide/UM10204.pdf
Regards,
Daniel