Hello Travis,
The communications protocol for the FOST02 device is not directly compatible with the SPI module, particularly with respect to the special transmission start sequence, and the need to monitor the data line for the completion of the measurement, before data can be returned. It will probably be simpler to "bit-bang" the whole transmission sequence, using GPIO. This will avoid the need to frequently enable and disable the SPI module, with possible side effects.
Regards,
Mac