Hello,
For 1), you will need a NFC reader (it can be a NFC frontend or NFC Controller) in order to read/write to tags.
For 2), you can use a NFC profile such as Card emulation or NFC's P2P mode, for these profiles, same NFC frontend or NFC controller can be used.
Difference between NFC frontends and NFC controllers is that in the first one, frontend can be seen as "only NFC radio", so, another MCU that parse the data and build the packages/header (for NFC protocol) is needed. For the NFC controller, there is an MCU included in the solution and you can communicate with this MCU through serial interface such as SPI/I2C.
For NFC frontends you can look at: NFC Frontend Solutions|NXP (PN5180, PN512, etc) and for NFC controllers you can look at: NFC Controller Solutions|NXP (PN7120, PN7462, etc)
I hope this helps!
Regards,
Isaac