Hi,
I do not understand the questions as answer for it is already in you post.
Against a random fault, three consecutive analog values are converted for each acquisition to implement the ADC_SWTEST_OVERSAMPLING. The figure below shows the sampling of an analog signal at different points in time (A1, A2 and A3). Every conversion is indicated by an arrow, which indicates the converted digital value by its length. The second acquisition (A2) is faulty because the first converted value is quite different respect the other two.
So you have to acquire 3 samples.
Threshold is given by your application countermeasure requirements.
Peter