Skimming over the sections in the MCU user manual, I see no generic configuration for internal pull-up/pull-down resistors for GPIOs. I have seen this on other MCUs, and other vendors, though.
The only OD pins are those associated with I2C, and here you need external pull-up´resistors.
It has been tried with other MCU's, but I2C does not work with internal pull-ups, which are usually in the 40..50 kOhm range.