Linking bare metal "hello word" for i.MX25

[christiann]

Giving the following source code

#include <stdio.h>

/*extern void _get_reg_general(unsigned int *reg_gen);*/

void main(void)

{

   unsigned int reg_generales[12], cont;

  /* _get_reg_general(reg_generales);*/

   printf("\nRegistros de proposito general\n");

   for(cont=0; cont<13; cont++)

   {

      printf("   reg[%d]=0x%08x\n", cont, reg_generales[cont]);

   } 

}

I try to compile it with the following commands

/opt/freescale/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/bin/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi-gcc-4.4.4 -march=armv5te -S dump_cpu_mix.c -o dump_cpu_mix.s.arm

/opt/freescale/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/bin/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi-as dump_cpu_mix.s.arm -o dump_cpu_mix.elf.arm

/opt/freescale/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/bin/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi-ld -dynamic-linker /opt/freescale/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/multi-libs/armv5te/lib/ld-linux.so.3 /opt/freescale/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/multi-libs/armv5te/usr/lib/crt1.o /opt/freescale/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/multi-libs/armv5te/usr/lib/crti.o -lc /opt/freescale/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/multi-libs/armv5te/usr/lib/crtn.o dump_cpu_mix.elf.arm -o dump_cpu_mix.o.arm

Trying to run it, I get the following error

-sh: ./dump_cpu_mix.o.arm: not found

checking permissions

-rwxrwxrwx

1 root

root

6955 Apr 13  2015 dump_cpu_mix.o.arm

comparing with the elf generated by

/opt/freescale/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/bin/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi-gcc-4.4.4 -march=armv5te dump_cpu_mix.c -o whatthehell.o -v

(-v output

/mnt/freescale/bsp_git/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/4.4.4/../../../../arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/bin/as -march=armv5te -meabi=5 -o /tmp/cc6gOz5r.o /tmp/ccvHMq7M.s

COMPILER_PATH=/mnt/freescale/bsp_git/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/bin/../libexec/gcc/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/4.4.4/:/mnt/freescale/bsp_git/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/bin/../libexec/gcc/:/mnt/freescale/bsp_git/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/4.4.4/../../../../arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/bin/

LIBRARY_PATH=/mnt/freescale/bsp_git/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/4.4.4/armv5te/:/mnt/freescale/bsp_git/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/4.4.4/:/mnt/freescale/bsp_git/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/bin/../lib/gcc/:/mnt/freescale/bsp_git/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/bin/../arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/multi-libs/armv5te/lib/:/mnt/freescale/bsp_git/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/bin/../arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/multi-libs/armv5te/usr/lib/

COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-march=armv5te' '-o' 'niidea' '-v'

/mnt/freescale/bsp_git/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/bin/../libexec/gcc/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/4.4.4/collect2 --sysroot=/mnt/freescale/bsp_git/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/bin/../arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/multi-libs/armv5te --eh-frame-hdr -dynamic-linker /lib/ld-linux.so.3 -X -m armelf_linux_eabi -o niidea /mnt/freescale/bsp_git/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/bin/../arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/multi-libs/armv5te/usr/lib/crt1.o /mnt/freescale/bsp_git/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/bin/../arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/multi-libs/armv5te/usr/lib/crti.o /mnt/freescale/bsp_git/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/4.4.4/armv5te/crtbegin.o -L/mnt/freescale/bsp_git/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/4.4.4/armv5te -L/mnt/freescale/bsp_git/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/4.4.4 -L/mnt/freescale/bsp_git/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/bin/../lib/gcc -L/mnt/freescale/bsp_git/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/bin/../arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/multi-libs/armv5te/lib -L/mnt/freescale/bsp_git/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/bin/../arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/multi-libs/armv5te/usr/lib /tmp/cc6gOz5r.o -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed -lc -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed /mnt/freescale/bsp_git/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/4.4.4/armv5te/crtend.o /mnt/freescale/bsp_git/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/bin/../arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/multi-libs/armv5te/usr/lib/crtn.o

)

(using file command)

whatthehell.o:             ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.26, not stripped

dump_cpu_mix.o.arm: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.26, not stripped

What step have I forgot? Based on past experience this "should" have worked, but I obviously messed this up. Any hints, hopefully I have included enough information

[Yuri]

  It would be better to apply special compiler / toolchain for bare metal applications.

In Your case Linux toolchain, intended to create Linux applications is used.

For bare-metal applications Sourcery CodeBench Lite for ARM is suitable.

http://www.mentor.com/embedded-software/sourcery-tools/sourcery-codebench/editions/lite-edition

Have a great day,
Yuri

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[christiann]

Thanks Yuri

The term "bare metal" was confusing, I modified it

This application run under Linux. It's a dump cpu app to inspect CPU registers and other architecture specific tables. The code mix asm and C (inline asm is not suitable for purposes of this application) so I need asm, compile and link, step by step

[Yuri]

  You may try to compile an application under LTIB shell, which allows

us to get advantages of proper local  environment, that relates to target configuration.

Say, we can run ARM cross compiler just as gcc.

  To enter the shell  the next command may be applied :

<LTIB_DIR>/ltib -m shell

LTIB>

After that,  proper environment for development is provided and code may be

built as following :

LTIB> gcc -o hello.out hello.c

or

LTIB> make

Regards,

Yuri.

[christiann]

Thanks Yuri

But I'have to link two object files, one generated from AS (processor specific) an other one from GCC (using stdio like printf). Prior to link the both objects, I'll try to link the C one, without success.

The toolchain used was properly configured by LTIB (it was used several time to build linux kernel and rootfs)

[Yuri]

To compile and link several files (in make notation):

---
SOURCES = *.c *.s

LIBS =

TARGET = test.elf

gcc $(CXXFLAGS) -o $(TARGET) $(SOURCES) $(LIBS) -T MX25.ld

---

Regards,

Yuri