Hy Kojto, thanks for your reply!
I will also post the thread in the MQX section, as you said.
But I think the problem has more to do with the Kinetis controller itself and not really with MQX. I found in the datasheet of the K60 no way to detect the end of a message. The only way to detect it somehow would be to poll the BUSY flag in the status register, but if a repeated start signal will be sent this has no effect because the bus is still busy. For my appliance the most interesting way to detect it would be due an interrupt, but I don't think this is possible.