I'm not familiar with this particular processor, but know enough about how CodeWarrior does things to provide some answers.
bootloader.h: Addresses useful if you're writing bootloader code, such as the Flash programming registers.
derivative.h: Provides peripheral device addresses and the memory map specific to the processor family.
exceptions.c
exceptions.h: Provides addresses and code used to implement the processor's exception vector table and support device interrupts.
startcf.c
startcf.h: Provides addresses and code that initializes the processor and its peripherals out of reset, establishes the C run-time environment, and then transfers execution to your main() function.
HTH
---Tom