Hello Paul,
The ADC conversion time can be calculated using the equation in the RM rev12.1, Section 44.5.4.5.

At the max. fADC = 50MHz, with sample time of just 2 ADC clock cycles in the 8-bit mode, one ADC conversion takes 0.66us.
But the sample time would be very short - this would required a very low source resistance so that the internal sample-and-hold capacitor could be charged to the input voltage.
RM rev12.1, Table 27-8. Peripheral clock summary


DS rev13, Table 40. 12-bit ADC operating conditions
