Hi Jinjee Seo, I hope you're doing well!
1.- You can read the PHY's current configuration, Tx and Rx by using the Gap_LeReadPhy function included in the gap_interface.h header file.
2.- To configure the PHY for 2M mode in the example you're using, you can set the gBleUseHSClock2MbpsPhy_c macro, which in turn, will enable a code section which calls the Gap_LeSetPhy function included in the gap_interface.h header file.
3.- The theoretical maximum throughput you can get by using the 2M PHY will depend on different factors, including bytes per packet, packets per connection and connection interval. Bluetooth SIG specifies that the connection interval has to be longer than 7.5 ms, so that would be your lower limit.
For a connection time of 7.5 ms, theoretically you could expect a maximum throughput of approximately 1.2 mbps, but in practice, it may be a bit lower. To increase throughput, your best bet might be to change the Connection Interval, as that seems to be the mayor factor in this calculation.

Please let me know if you need more information.
Best regards,
Sebastian