There is an option -env to set environment variables for the compiler as argument, but that does not help you as the problem is how to pass options with quotes to the compiler. So using -env with environment variables with spaces has the same problem.
With environment variables I did mean the known variables by the compiler, e.g. GENPATH (or others, they are listed in the manual).
If you can set them in your scipt or makefile (by whatever means your shell allows you), then the compiler inherits those and uses them.
My guess for bash (I'm not into bash that much), something like
GENPATH=c:/path with spaces;c:/another path with spaces
LIBPATH=c:/path with spaces
OBJPATH=c:/path with spaces
export GENPATH
".../chc12.exe" "path to c file, maybe with spaces/file.c"
(just the rough idea, I'm sure it wont work just like that)
Daniel