Hi @gunnarbohlen ,
Thank you so much for your interest in our products and for using our community.
I suggest you refer to MIMXRT1170RM reference manual, especially chapter 66.
https://www.nxp.com/webapp/Download?colCode=IMXRT1170RM
Question1: From the documents I see that a RX-Fifo is not supported when CAN-FD is activated. This means that for CAN-FD operation I need to use mailboxes. Correct?
Answer1: Yes, in MIMXRT1170RM described that "Rx FIFO cannot be used in FD mode", but you can use mailboxes.

Question2: What is the correct concept to receive ANY CAN-FD frames (without changing the receive order of the messages in the firmware)?
Answer2: I am sorry that I don't understand your question.
You mean to receive all the CAN ID? If so, you can receive all CAN ID by setting FLEXCAN_SetRxMbGlobalMask(EXAMPLE_CAN, 0);
Question3: if I need to use mailboxes, I can activate all mailboxes, set a filter to "accept all". Then the CAN-engine will put the first received message into the first free mailbox. If the second message arrives before I read the first mailbox, I assume the engine will put the message into the second mailbox, because the first one is still full. Correct?
Answer3: chapter 66.3.5 Matching process described more detail.
Please pay attention about Registers setting.

Question4: Is there a easier to implement option available that keeps the correct received order of the CNA-messages?
Answer4:
1:I strongly recommend that you use timestamps. Timestamps can record the time when CAN data frame reaches the receiver. you can comparing the timestamps to get know that the receiving order of the data frames .
2:Please configure CAN filters and mask bits reasonably, it is also very import.
Question5: It would be much simpler to have a built-in fifo that supports CAN-FD...
Answer5: I am sorry about that, and MIMXRT1170RM tell us that CANFD can not use RX FIFO.
Wish it helps you.
If you still have question about it, please kindly let me know.
Best Regards
mayliu