Hi @Mihan
Give it a try, wouldn't hurt. In my experience of using Yocto (9 years professionally), there has been a number of times where I've just had to try another version and it all went well. Most users building Yocto for a given machine type don't have any real issues that require digging down into the build like what you're experiencing; it's also difficult to advice remotely in such situations on forums like these. So todate you have had no success in getting you board programmed via uuu and a later OS; might be worth a try rolling back a number of builds i.e. krogoth, rocko, honister (check which ones are LTS as well). One thing to bear in mind is if you do try an earlier build then you may have to roll back your version of Linux in your VM as well (to suit the era - check the build docs.. ).
You could see if you could find a version that can build both sdcard and wic images then do some experimenting.. Also, avoid getting too hung up on forum comments suggesting deeper issues like DDR etc at this stage; but focus on what the error messages state i.e. 'Bad Linux ARM magic' and research those. The fact that you even have uboot running suggests that the type of non-volatile memory is sufficient for not only running uboot but the rest of the system. uboot often shares the same hardware device tree and driver code that the OS does.
