Ok, I've tried to disable any internal pull-up/pull-down resistors and changed the external pull-up resistors of the I2C lines to ~4k ohms. The result remains the same.
Here is the code of the pin configuration if that helps.
const port_pin_config_t portc_pin16_config = {
kPORT_PullDisable,
kPORT_FastSlewRate,
kPORT_PassiveFilterDisable,
kPORT_LowDriveStrength,
kPORT_MuxAlt3,
};