Hi Daniel, I hope you're doing well!
To enable differential mode for an ADC channel, the DIFF field in the ADC Status and Control Registers 1 (ADCx_SC1n) has to be set to 1.
For instance, in the adc16 polling SDK example (found in the SDK path, here <...\SDK_SDK_2.2.1_FRDM-KW41Z\boards\frdmkw41z\driver_examples\adc16\polling>), the ADC channel can be changed to:
#define DEMO_ADC16_USER_CHANNEL 0U
And the differential conversion flag to:
#if defined(FSL_FEATURE_ADC16_HAS_DIFF_MODE) && FSL_FEATURE_ADC16_HAS_DIFF_MODE
adc16ChannelConfigStruct.enableDifferentialConversion = true;
#endif
This configures ADC0 to use differential mode, but this has some other implications, like changing the way the MODE field in the ADCx_CFG1 behaves. When differential conversion is enabled, there's an additional bit used in the ADC's output, as data is returned in 2's complement, and the MSB is used for the sign.
In the example, the corresponding pins for differential ADC0 Channel 0 must also be be enabled and routed:

There's some additional information about differential mode in the KW41Z's Reference Manual (chapter 29.2.5), as well as in the KW41Z's device Datasheet.
Please let me know if you need any more information.
Best regards,
Sebastian