Hi,
Below will be some comments on regards of your questions:
Q1) What is the difference between image-ubuntu-base, image-ubuntu, and image-ubuntu-ros.
A1 >> The following is told under the GitHub page (link: GitHub - nxp-auto-linux/auto_yocto_bsp at release/bsp38.0)
"
fsl-image-ubuntu-base: A system image with a minimalist Ubuntu 20.04 LTS root filesystem
fsl-image-ubuntu: A complete, development-suitable system image based on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
which contains (among others): the complete kernel source code (for rebuilding the kernel directly on the target machine),
compilers and toolchains (for C, C++, Java), ROS Kinetic and Docker
NOTE: Please build fsl-image-ubuntu-base or fsl-image-ubuntu only for machines with name ending in `ubuntu`.
For the other machines, please use any of the images with Yocto rootfilesystem.
"
As for the ROS variant, we see no information from our side, we do apologize.
Q2) What version of ROS is installed if I use image-ubuntu-ros
A2 >> We are not seeing this information under the release notes of BSP38.0, we will investigate this. Once we have an update, we will let you know.
Q3) Can we install desktop version of ubuntu on Goldbox?
A3 >> We assume you are talking about the graphical interface, for which the answer should be no, since S32G does not provide any video output. We do apologize.
Q4) The build result /tmp/deploy/images/ contains lots of file. I used the file with extension ".sdcard" to flash on the sd card using a flashing tool like Balena Etcher. What are the other files used for ? Do I need to store the other files in sd card as well ?
A4 >> Each file has its meaning. As for a description for each file, might be difficult to provide. As if additional files are required aside from the *.sdcard file, you should be fine by only using the *.sdcard file, since it contains the required partitions for booting.
Please, let us know.