Hello,
The backdoor key allows a program to "un-secure" the MCU without mass-erase.
The routine must be executed in RAM and have access to FLASH (forcing the device to be in Single Chip Mode, NO BDM connection as it removes memory access when device is secured).
A typical way a software designer will trigger this routine could be through receiving a special SCI message which could even include the key itself.
Alban.