Hi,
At first sight, the code looks OK. Can you attach a scope and see the full communication on the SCL and SDA lines?
You can also start a debugging session to see if HW I2C block issues interrupts on the NHS3100.
Also, double-check the I2C address, the write portion and the read portion of what you are sending from your Arduino board. After glancing through the example code, it looks like you only need to send a single byte, not 4, after issuing the I2C address.
Best,
Dries.