Hello Martin Stanzel,
Even I had faced similar issue and was able to solve it by adding a resistor (limiting current) between pin 2 and 3 of J63 on mother board MPC57xx rev D. I was able to send and receive with no loss at 100Mbps of RMII mode and also at 10Mbps speed.
Hope this solves your issue too.
For RMII mode jumper settings :
1. On daughter card (MPC5777C-416DS) connect jumper on following pins
J510 : 2-3
J524 : 1-2 (checked with DSO)
J24 : 1-2
J25 : 1-2
2. On Motherboard (MPC57xx rev D)
J63 : 1K Ohm resistor between pins 2-3
J64 : open
Regards,
Divyesh