May I ask which chip from the LP800 series you are using.
Sorry, to use 9-bit USART on LPC800 with the NXP SDK, you’ll need to modify the provided driver or directly manipulate the USART peripheral registers, as the current SDK-generated drivers may not natively support 9-bit mode.
I'm not sure which version of the SDK you are using. There is USART_Enable9bitMode() in your posting, but not in the SDK v2.16.
I also cann't see the USART_TransferSendNonBlocking() function in your posting. USART_TransferSendNonBlocking() function it will start interrupt, but the ISR have bug, the type will be limited to 8bit. Refer to fsl_usart.c line.896.