> WHAT FUNCTION SHOULD I USE TO TRANSMIT IN SPI WITHOUT NEEDING A RESPONSE?
I suppose you mean, without regarding the response.
You can either read it out to clear any interrupt/FIFO flag, and discard the value. Or configure the SPI FIFO to ignore RX data (FIFOWR, bit 22 = RXIGNORE).
The standard SPI interface contains a write (MOSI) and a read (MISO) line, from the master's view. Each clock pulse cycles one bit out on MOSI and one bit in on MISO simultaneously.
> How can I set the clock to 16 pulses?
The same SPI config register (FIFOWR) contains a length field, bits 27..24. A 16-bit transfer corresponds to a value 0xF for this field.
Check the user manual, SPI section for details. (UM10912, sect. 26.6.14 for the LPX546xx), I don't know the associated SDK functions, I haven't used them yet.