Neil
1. I don't think that roll-over-protection is a theme since it will roll-over only in about 2109 (which is the same issue that UTC generally has).
2. Yes, the counter can be written to at any time by the processor in supervisor mode.
3. The K64 has battery backup for the clock domain. When the processor has been power cycled this can be detected in the reset status register.
4. If the VBAT domain is power cycled the RTC has a flag to show that it hasn't been configured so that the configuration can be performed.
See the following for more details
http://www.utasker.com/docs/uTasker/uTasker_Time.pdf
In the uTakser project there is a complete Gregorian calendar time/date implementation for the K64, including SNTP for synchronising to a time server.
It also has low leakage support for using the RTC time as wake up support.
Regards
Mark
Kinetis: µTasker Kinetis support
K64: µTasker Kinetis FRDM-K64F support / µTasker Kinetis TWR-K64F120M support / µTasker Kinetis TWR-K65F180M support
RTC/Time Management: http://www.utasker.com/docs/uTasker/uTasker_Time.pdf
For the complete "out-of-the-box" Kinetis experience and faster time to market