Hi, Ted,
This is my opinion, the Voltage Reference module and the bandgap module are two independent modules, the bandgap module provides a standard voltage for the voltage reference module. The Bandgap module voltage can be tested by the ADC0_AD27 channel.
If you do not need the Vref_out pin output voltage, and the Voltage Reference module is disabled, you just need to test the bandgap voltage by ADC, in the case, you do not need connect a capacitor for the Vref_out pin. The Bandgap voltage is not dependent on the VDD or VDDA voltage.
If you need Vref_out pin output and enable the Voltage Reference module, plan to use it as ADC reference voltage, you have to connect a capacitor for the Vref_out pin.
Hope it can help you.
BR
Xiangjun Rong