Hi, Walter,
I have checked the errata of K20DX256, I dis not find any information with is related with your issue.
Firstly, you should configure the PTA16 pin as I2S0_RXD1 function(ALT7) by setting the MUX bits in PORTA_PCR16 while you enable GPIOA gate clock.
Secondly, you should set the RCE bits as 3 in I2S0_RCR3 register.
Furthermore, if you do not use DMA to transfer data, for example, you use only polling mode, and read the I2S0_RDR0/I2S0_RDR1 registers to two variables after the RFR bit in I2S0_RCSR is set, are the variables correct or not?
Hope it can give you clue.
BR
Xiangjun Rong