Oh, I should have copied the code direcly, it is actually already 0x28 in my firmware. I only made the mistake in the Question so this should work fine.
// Enable DMA requests from ADC
ADC0->SC2 = ADC_SC2_ADTRG_MASK | ADC_SC2_DMAEN_MASK;
// Clear DMAMUX configuration register
DMAMUX->CHCFG[SYSTEM_AUDIOADC_DMA_CHANNEL] = 0;
// Configure DMAMUX for ADC0
DMAMUX->CHCFG[SYSTEM_AUDIOADC_DMA_CHANNEL] = 0x28;
DMA0->CR = DMA_CR_HOE_MASK;
// Set DMA source address to ADC0 Data Result Register
DMA0->TCD[SYSTEM_AUDIOADC_DMA_CHANNEL].SADDR = (int)(&ADC0->R[0]);
// Set offset for each pointer increase to zero to always read from the same register
DMA0->TCD[SYSTEM_AUDIOADC_DMA_CHANNEL].SOFF = 0;
// 16 bit operations (buffer has 16 bit words)
DMA0->TCD[SYSTEM_AUDIOADC_DMA_CHANNEL].ATTR = DMA_ATTR_SSIZE(1) | DMA_ATTR_DSIZE(1);
// Number of bytes per dma request (minor loop)
DMA0->TCD[SYSTEM_AUDIOADC_DMA_CHANNEL].NBYTES_MLNO = 2;
// Number of bytes per dma request (minor loop)
DMA0->TCD[SYSTEM_AUDIOADC_DMA_CHANNEL].SLAST = 0;
// Destination address is the start of the current writing buffer
DMA0->TCD[SYSTEM_AUDIOADC_DMA_CHANNEL].DADDR = (int)WritingBuffer;
// Destination address increases by 2 after each request (minor loop)
DMA0->TCD[SYSTEM_AUDIOADC_DMA_CHANNEL].DOFF = 2;
// Number of iterations (major loop) until an interrupt is thrown
DMA0->TCD[SYSTEM_AUDIOADC_DMA_CHANNEL].CITER_ELINKNO = SYSTEM_AUDIOADC_BUFFERLENGTH;
// Address after major loop finished
DMA0->TCD[SYSTEM_AUDIOADC_DMA_CHANNEL].DLAST_SGA = 0;
// Enable interrupt at the end of major loop and automatically disable requests when major loop ends
DMA0->TCD[SYSTEM_AUDIOADC_DMA_CHANNEL].CSR = DMA_CSR_INTMAJOR_MASK | DMA_CSR_DREQ_MASK;
// Number of iterations (major loop) until an interrupt is thrown
DMA0->TCD[SYSTEM_AUDIOADC_DMA_CHANNEL].BITER_ELINKNO = SYSTEM_AUDIOADC_BUFFERLENGTH;
// Enable major loop interrupt
DMA0->TCD[SYSTEM_AUDIOADC_DMA_CHANNEL].CSR |= DMA_CSR_INTMAJOR_MASK;
// Enable DMA requests
DMAMUX->CHCFG[SYSTEM_AUDIOADC_DMA_CHANNEL] |= DMAMUX_CHCFG_ENBL_MASK;