There are many possible reasons. The first basic steps to trouble-shoot issues like these would be:
- Ensure that you actually didn't connect the BDM connector backwards.
- Measure the voltage levels to the MCU. Ensure that it has a proper supply. Ensure that you also have this supply voltage on the BDM connector.
- Measure the CPU clock. Is alive and working?
- Ensure that you have the correct components mounted on the reset and BKGD lines. The reset should have a 100nF decoupling cap and an optional pull-up resistor. The BKGD line should not have a decoupling cap.
- Measure the reset line. Is it steadily high when the device is idle? What happens when you try to program, can the BDM successfully pull reset low? Does the edges of the digital signal look ok?
- Similarly, measure the BKGD line. There should be digital data rushing through there when you try to program.
When doing all of the above, always measure on the actual MCU pin, to ensure that every component is soldered properly.